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International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2024Older adults have a high risk for musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, and mental health problems. We compared respiratory muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance,...
BACKGROUND
Older adults have a high risk for musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, and mental health problems. We compared respiratory muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, physical activity (PA), and depression between older adults with and without sarcopenia.
METHODS
This matched case-control study included 200 Thai older adults (100 participants with and without sarcopenia). According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019, participants completed a handgrip dynamometer, a 6 m walk test, and bioimpedance analysis for sarcopenia screening. Individuals were required to evaluate their cardiovascular endurance and respiratory muscle strength and complete a set of questionnaires (i.e., depression and PA). Participants with and without sarcopenia were compared using a -test, and ANOVA was used for subgroup analysis.
RESULTS
Participants with sarcopenia had significantly lower inspiratory muscle strength ( < 0.001), functional capacity ( = 0.032), PA ( < 0.001), and higher depression scores ( < 0.001) than those without sarcopenia. Respiratory muscle strength and PA were significantly reduced in those with severe sarcopenia, followed by those with sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, and no sarcopenia. Older adults with severe sarcopenia had higher depression scores than those with sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, or no sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS
Older adults with sarcopenia may exhibit lower cardiorespiratory performance, less PA, and higher depression than those without sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Case-Control Studies; Aged; Sarcopenia; Male; Thailand; Female; Depression; Exercise; Muscle Strength; Aged, 80 and over; Respiratory Muscles; Middle Aged; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Southeast Asian People
PubMed: 38928970
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060724 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024The number of older drivers is increasing with the aging population; this has led to concerns about traffic accidents involving older drivers. For older adults, the...
The number of older drivers is increasing with the aging population; this has led to concerns about traffic accidents involving older drivers. For older adults, the automobile is not just a means of transportation, but a life necessity that promotes social activities and maintains and improves health-related quality of life. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between driving ability and physical fitness factors among 70 older adult drivers using a single regression analysis and multiple regression models adjusted for age, sex, and other factors. Driving ability was evaluated by driving an actual car on an ordinary road without a simulator. The single regression analysis revealed no relationship between driving ability and any physical fitness factor. In the multiple regression model analysis, only grip strength was an important explanatory factor; however, the driving ability scores decreased as grip strength scores increased. By clarifying the physical fitness factors that influence the maintenance and improvement of driving ability, it is possible to propose more efficient intervention programs to maintain and improve driving ability. We could not identify the relevant physical fitness factors in this study; therefore, further research is required to improve safe driving among older adults.
Topics: Humans; Automobile Driving; Aged; Female; Male; Physical Fitness; Aged, 80 and over; Linear Models; Hand Strength
PubMed: 38928907
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060660 -
Brain Sciences Jun 2024The study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms in a national, community-based cohort study, despite the unclear...
BACKGROUND
The study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms in a national, community-based cohort study, despite the unclear temporal sequence demonstrated previously.
METHODS
Data were derived from four waves (2011 baseline and 2013, 2015, and 2018 follow-ups) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 17,708 participants aged 45 years or older who had baseline data on both sarcopenia status and depressive symptoms in 2011 were included in the study. For the two cohort analyses, a total of 8092 adults without depressive symptoms and 11,292 participants without sarcopenia in 2011 were included. Sarcopenia status was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score of 20 or higher on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D-10). Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to examine the risk of depressive symptoms and sarcopenia risk, while cross-lagged panel models were used to examine the temporal sequence between depressive symptoms and sarcopenia over time.
RESULTS
During a total of 48,305.1 person-years follow-up, 1262 cases of incident depressive symptoms were identified. Sarcopenia exhibited a dose-response relationship with a higher risk of depressive symptoms (HR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2-2.3 for sarcopenia, and HR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.2-1.8 for possible sarcopenia, trend < 0.001). In the second cohort analysis, 240 incident sarcopenia cases were identified over 39,621.1 person-years. Depressive symptoms (HR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.2-2.0) are significantly associated with a higher risk of developing sarcopenia after multivariable adjustment ( < 0.001, Cross-lagged panel analyses demonstrated that depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent sarcopenia (β = 0.003, < 0.001). Simultaneously, baseline sarcopenia was also associated with subsequent depressive symptoms (β = 0.428, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This study identified a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and sarcopenia. It seems more probable that baseline sarcopenia is associated with subsequent depressive symptoms in a stronger pattern than the reverse pathway. The interlinkage indicated that maintaining normal muscle mass and strength may serve as a crucial intervention strategy for alleviating mood disorders.
PubMed: 38928593
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060593 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 20243-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HMPA), also known as dihydroferulic acid, is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative that can be derived from the microbial...
3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HMPA), also known as dihydroferulic acid, is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative that can be derived from the microbial transformation of dietary polyphenols or naturally obtained from fermented foods. Although numerous studies have documented its antioxidant and anti-obesity effects, the effect of HMPA on muscle function remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of HMPA on muscle strength and exercise endurance capacity. Mice were orally administered low and high doses of HMPA for 14 days and subjected to grip force and treadmill exhaustion tests to evaluate muscle function. Our results showed that HMPA-administered groups significantly enhanced absolute grip strength ( = 0.0256) and relative grip strength ( = 0.0209), and low-dose HMPA decreased the plasma level of blood urea nitrogen after exercise ( = 0.0183), but HMPA did not affect endurance performance. Low-dose HMPA administration increased expression in sedentary mice ( = 0.0106), suggesting that low-dose HMPA may promote muscle development. Additionally, HMPA improved hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibited muscular lipid metabolism and protein catabolism, as indicated by changes in mRNA expression levels of related genes. These findings suggest that HMPA may be a promising dietary supplement for muscle health and performance.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Coumaric Acids; Lipid Metabolism; Propionates; Hand Strength; Muscle Strength; Liver
PubMed: 38928337
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126627 -
Cancers Jun 2024Cancer is associated with increased muscle weakness, reduced physical functioning, increased fatigue, but also sleep disturbances, including insomnia, that affect... (Review)
Review
Cancer is associated with increased muscle weakness, reduced physical functioning, increased fatigue, but also sleep disturbances, including insomnia, that affect quality of life (QoL). Physical activity demonstrated benefits on functional capacity, resilience and cancer-related fatigue, but there is a paucity of available data regarding its effects on insomnia in patients with cancer. This systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of exercise levels with insomnia in cancer patients. A systematic search was performed for articles published in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases from December 2013 to February 2023. Included studies explored insomnia during or after cancer treatment, with various exercise interventions. The search identified nine studies included in this review. Due to substantial heterogeneity in the interventions across studies, meta-analysis was not performed. Three studies reported positive results for insomnia reduction by self-reported outcomes under a supervised aerobic exercise program alone or combined with strength training. The present systematic review establishes the role of exercise interventions for reducing cancer-related insomnia. Further studies are indeed warranted to improve the level of evidence for exercise interventions for implementation in the care of cancer-related insomnia.
PubMed: 38927946
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122241 -
Cancers Jun 2024This study aimed to analyze the effects of a team rowing-based training program on physical fitness and anthropometric parameters in female breast cancer survivors (n =...
This study aimed to analyze the effects of a team rowing-based training program on physical fitness and anthropometric parameters in female breast cancer survivors (n = 40; 56.78 ± 6.38 years). The participants were divided into two groups: one rowed in fixed-seat rowing (FSR) boats (n = 20; 56.35 ± 4.89 years), and the other rowed in sliding-seat rowing (SSR) boats (n = 20; 57.20 ± 7.7 years). Both groups engaged in two 75 min sessions per week for 24 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in both groups in terms of weight (FSR: -1.93 kg, SSR: -1.75 kg), body mass index (FSR: -0.73 kg/m, SSR: -0.67 kg/m), waist circumference (FSR: -2.83 cm, SSR: -3.66 cm), and hip circumference (FSR: -2.02 cm, SSR: -2.88 cm). Muscle strength improved in the lower extremities (jump test: FSR: 2.99 cm, SSR: 3.11 cm) and upper extremities (dominant: FSR: 4.13 kgf, SSR: 4.34 kgf; non-dominant: FSR: 3.67 kgf, SSR: 3.32 kgf). Aerobic capacity also improved, with the SSR group showing a greater increase (FSR: 63.05 m, SSR: 93.65 m). Flexibility tests revealed better results in the SSR group for both dominant (SSR: 1.75 cm vs. FSR: -5.55 cm) and non-dominant limbs (SSR: 1.72 cm vs. FSR: -3.81 cm). These findings suggest that the type of rowing modality can influence physical fitness outcomes, with the SSR group showing superior improvements compared to the FSR group.
PubMed: 38927913
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122207 -
Biomedicines May 2024Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are intricate systemic conditions that can extend beyond the gastrointestinal tract through both direct and indirect mechanisms.... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are intricate systemic conditions that can extend beyond the gastrointestinal tract through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Sarcopenia, characterized by a reduction in muscle mass and strength, often emerges as a consequence of the clinical course of IBDs. Indeed, sarcopenia exhibits a high prevalence in Crohn's disease (52%) and ulcerative colitis (37%). While computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging remain gold-standard methods for assessing muscle mass, ultrasound is gaining traction as a reliable, cost-effective, and widely available diagnostic method. Muscle strength serves as a key indicator of muscle function, with grip strength test emerging nowadays as the most reliable assessment method. In IBDs, sarcopenia may arise from factors such as inflammation, malnutrition, and gut dysbiosis, leading to the formulation of the 'gut-muscle axis' hypothesis. This condition determines an increased need for surgery with poorer post-surgical outcomes and a reduced response to biological treatments. Sarcopenia and its consequences lead to reduced quality of life (QoL), in addition to the already impaired QoL. Of emerging concern is sarcopenic obesity in IBDs, a challenging condition whose pathogenesis and management are still poorly understood. Resistance exercise and nutritional interventions, particularly those aimed at augmenting protein intake, have demonstrated efficacy in addressing sarcopenia in IBDs. Furthermore, anti-TNF biological therapies showed interesting outcomes in managing this condition. This review seeks to furnish a comprehensive overview of sarcopenia in IBDs, elucidating diagnostic methodologies, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical implications and management. Attention will also be paid to sarcopenic obesity, exploring the pathophysiology and possible treatment modalities of this condition.
PubMed: 38927425
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061218 -
Biomedicines May 2024Chondral defects in the knee present a significant challenge due to their limited self-healing capacity, often leading to joint degeneration and functional disability....
BACKGROUND
Chondral defects in the knee present a significant challenge due to their limited self-healing capacity, often leading to joint degeneration and functional disability. Current treatments, including surgical approaches like mosaicplasty and regenerative therapies such as bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) augmentation, aim to address these defects and improve patient outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study conducted a single-center, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment approaches and rehabilitation protocols for chondral defects. Thirty-seven subjects presenting with symptomatic chondral or osteochondral defects (>3 cm) in the weight-bearing region of the femoral condyle were partitioned into three groups, and underwent mosaicplasty with or without BMAC augmentation, followed by either a 6-week or 12-week rehabilitation program. Group 1 ( = 10) received mosaicplasty combined with BMAC augmentation and engaged in a twelve-week two-phase rehabilitation protocol. Group 2 ( = 15) underwent mosaicplasty alone and participated in the same twelve-week two-phase rehabilitation regimen. Meanwhile, Group 3 ( = 12) underwent mosaicplasty and underwent a shorter six-week one-phase rehabilitation program. Clinical assessments were performed using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, goniometry for the knee's range of motion (ROM), manual muscle testing (MMT) for quadricep strength, and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) for functional evaluation in three test phases.
RESULTS
Significant differences in WOMAC scale scores were observed between the three groups at the intermediate (F(2, 34) = 5.24, < 0.010) and final (F(2, 34) = 111, < 0.000) stages, with post hoc Tukey tests revealing variations shared among all three groups. The between-group analysis of the VAS scale demonstrated no statistically significant difference initially (F(2, 34) = 0.18, < 0.982), but significant differences emerged following the intermediate (F(2, 34) = 11.40, < 0.000) and final assessments (F(2, 34) = 59.87, < 0.000), with post hoc Tukey tests revealing specific group variations, notably between Group 1 and both Group 2 and Group 3, and also between Group 3 and Group 2. The between-group analysis of quadricep muscle strength using MMT scores revealed no statistically significant differences initially (F(2, 34) = 0.376, < 0.689) or following the intermediate assessment (F(2, 34) = 2.090, < 0.139). The one-way ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference in the knee ROM initially (F(2, 34) = 1.037, < 0.366), but significant differences emerged following intermediate (F(2, 34) = 9.38, < 0.001) and final assessments (F(2, 34) = 11.60, < 0.000). Post hoc Tukey tests revealed significant differences between Groups 1 and 2, Groups 1 and 3, and Groups 2 and 3 at intermediate and final assessments.
CONCLUSIONS
The patients who received BMAC augmentation and completed a 12-week rehabilitation protocol had significantly better outcomes in pain relief, knee function, and ROM when compared to those who did not receive BMAC augmentation or those who completed a shorter rehabilitation period. Our findings suggest that combining mosaicplasty with BMAC augmentation and a comprehensive rehabilitation program can lead to superior clinical outcomes for patients with chondral defects in the knee.
PubMed: 38927371
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061164 -
Trials Jun 2024Morbid obesity is a complex chronic condition characterized by a body mass index of 40 kg/m or higher. The incidence of the condition is on the rise in developed...
Effects of whole-body vibration on body composition, microbiota, cardiometabolic markers, physical fitness, and quality of life after bariatric surgery: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Morbid obesity is a complex chronic condition characterized by a body mass index of 40 kg/m or higher. The incidence of the condition is on the rise in developed countries, and bariatric surgery has been proposed as a potential solution to address this trend. Nonetheless, bariatric surgery may also result in adverse effects, including a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass, as well as an increased risk of fractures. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of bariatric surgery and whole-body vibration (WBV) training on body composition, microbiota, physical fitness, quality of life, and cardiometabolic markers.
METHODS
Twenty-eight participants (14 females), aged 18 to 50 years, will undergo sleeve gastrectomy surgery. They will be randomly allocated into a control group or a WBV training group. The WBV group will train three times per week with increasing intensities and duration ranging from 30 to 45 min over the 4-month training period. Measurements of body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography), physical fitness (muscular strength, agility, cardiorespiratory fitness, and balance), gait biomechanics, cardiometabolic markers, gut microbiota, quality of life, and physical activity levels will be collected at four different time points: (1) prior to the surgery, (2) 45 days post-surgery, (3) 6 months post-surgery, and (4) 18 months post-surgery.
DISCUSSION
Both groups are expected to experience improvements in most of the aforementioned variables. Nonetheless, we expect the WBV group to show larger improvements proving that the training is effective and safe.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05695599. Registered on January 25, 2023.
Topics: Humans; Vibration; Body Composition; Quality of Life; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Physical Fitness; Young Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Adolescent; Obesity, Morbid; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Treatment Outcome; Biomarkers; Time Factors; Gastrectomy
PubMed: 38926901
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08221-7 -
BMC Pediatrics Jun 2024Guillain‒Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory peripheral neuropathy caused by autoimmunity. Gangliosides and sulfatides are important components of peripheral...
BACKGROUND
Guillain‒Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory peripheral neuropathy caused by autoimmunity. Gangliosides and sulfatides are important components of peripheral nerves. Anti-sulfatide antibody-mediated complement is associated with acute sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy in GBS, which is characterized by pain and paresthesias.
CASE PRESENTATION
The child was a 7-year-old girl with headache and abdominal pain, followed by limb numbness and pain. Cranial imaging showed ventricular dilatation, peripheral nerve function conduction examination showed polyradiculopathy, and cerebrospinal fluid tests showed normal cell counts but elevated protein levels, all of which led to the diagnosis of GBS. After treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg × 5 days), the symptoms did not improve, and muscle strength progressively worsened, accompanied by paroxysmal complexion flushing, heart rate fluctuation, hyperhidrosis, and a progressive increase in cerebrospinal fluid protein (up to 3780.1 mg/L). On the basis of these findings combined with serum anti-sulfatide IgM positivity, anti-sulfatide antibody-related GBS was considered, and treatment with low-dose prednisolone (1 mg/kg/d) led to symptom improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
Anti-sulfatide antibody-associated GBS is associated with small fiber peripheral neuropathy. The main manifestations are pain, paresthesias and autonomic dysfunction. In addition to the dysfunction of spinal nerve root absorption caused by increased cerebrospinal fluid protein, autonomic dysfunction may be involved in pain. When the therapeutic effect of immunoglobulin is not satisfactory, a low dose and short course of corticosteroids can be considered, and the prognosis is good.
Topics: Humans; Female; Child; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Abdominal Pain; Headache; Sulfoglycosphingolipids; Autoantibodies; Prednisolone
PubMed: 38926645
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04287-5