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Frontiers in Immunology 2024Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in the cattle industry worldwide; it is caused by multiple bacterial or viral coinfections, of which...
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in the cattle industry worldwide; it is caused by multiple bacterial or viral coinfections, of which () and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) are the most notable pathogens. Although live vaccines have demonstrated better efficacy against BRD induced by both pathogens, there are no combined live and marker vaccines. Therefore, we developed an attenuated and marker -BoHV-1 combined vaccine based on the HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- strain previously constructed in our lab and evaluated in rabbits. This study aimed to further evaluate its safety and protective efficacy in cattle using different antigen ratios. After immunization, all vaccinated cattle had a normal rectal temperature and mental status without respiratory symptoms. CD4, CD8, and CD19 cells significantly increased in immunized cattle and induced higher humoral and cellular immune responses, and the expression of key cytokines such as IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ can be promoted after vaccination. The 1.0 × 10 CFU of HB150 and 1.0 × 10 TCID BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined strain elicited the most antibodies while significantly increasing IgG and cellular immunity after challenge. In conclusion, the HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined strain was clinically safe and protective in calves; the mix of 1.0 × 10 CFU of HB150 and 1.0 × 10 TCID BoHV-1 gG-/tk- strain was most promising due to its low amount of shedding and highest humoral and cellular immune responses compared with others. This study introduces an -BoHV-1 combined vaccine for application in the cattle industry.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine; Vaccines, Combined; Vaccines, Attenuated; Mycoplasma bovis; Viral Vaccines; Bacterial Vaccines; Cytokines; Antibodies, Viral; Antibodies, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Vaccines, Marker; Vaccination; Vaccine Efficacy; Immunity, Humoral; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
PubMed: 38646533
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367253 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a relatively difficult-to-treat pneumonia in children. The time of radiographic resolution after treatment is...
BACKGROUND
Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a relatively difficult-to-treat pneumonia in children. The time of radiographic resolution after treatment is variable, a long recovery time can result in several negative effects, and it has attracted our attention. Therefore, exploring factors associated with delayed radiographic resolution will help to identify these children at an early stage and prepare for early intervention.
METHODS
The data of 339 children with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae were collected from the Department of Pediatrics of Fu Yang People's Hospital, China from January 2021 to June 2022. After discharge, the children were regularly followed up in the outpatient department and on the WeChat platform for > 8 weeks. According to whether pulmonary imaging (chest radiography or plain chest computed tomography) returned to normal within 8 weeks, the children were divided into the delayed recovery group (DRG) (n = 69) and the normal recovery group (NRG) (n = 270). The children's general information, laboratory examination findings, bronchoscopy results, and imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed. Single-factor analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution of lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the factors with statistically significant differences underwent multiple-factor logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was then performed to calculate the cutoff value of early predictive indicators of delayed radiographic resolution.
RESULTS
Single-factor analysis showed that the following were significantly greater in the DRG than NRG: total fever duration, the hospitalization time, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, D-dimer level, pulmonary lesions involving two or more lobes, a large amount of pleural effusion, the time to interventional bronchoscopy, and mucus plugs formation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the hospitalization time, CRP level, LDH level, pulmonary lesions involving two or more lobes, and a large amount of pleural effusion were independent risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution of lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The cutoff values on the receiver operating characteristic curve were a hospitalization time of ≥ 10.5 days, CRP level of ≥ 25.92 mg/L, and LDH level of ≥ 378 U/L.
CONCLUSION
If patients with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a hospitalization time of ≥ 10.5 days, CRP level of ≥ 25.92 mg/L, and LDH level ≥ 378 U/L, the time of radiographic resolution is highly likely to exceed 8 weeks. Pediatricians must maintain a high level of vigilance for these factors, control the infection as early as possible, strengthen airway management, and follow up closely to avoid complications and sequelae of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Retrospective Studies; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Lung; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Pleural Effusion
PubMed: 38641804
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09289-x -
Medicine Apr 2024To explore the clinical characteristics and changes in serum CXCL10 and CXCL16 in patients with severe mycoplasma pneumonia, and to analyze the risk factors of severe...
To explore the clinical characteristics and changes in serum CXCL10 and CXCL16 in patients with severe mycoplasma pneumonia, and to analyze the risk factors of severe mycoplasma pneumonia. About 258 children with acute mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) admitted to the respiratory department of a certain hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the severity of MPP, patients are divided into 2 groups, namely the mild illness group (Q group) and the severe illness group (Z group). The number of cases in these 2 groups of children is 167 and 91, respectively. The serum CXCL10, CXCL16, and other indicators of 2 groups are tested. Compared to group Q, patients in group Z have a higher proportion of extrapulmonary complications, longer cough time, longer shortness of breath, and longer wheezing time (P < .05). The serum CXCL16 is higher and the proportion of pleural effusion is higher (P < .01). There are more cases of fever, longer fever duration, longer hospital stay, higher serum CXCL10, and higher D-dimer levels (P < .001). The area under the curve of the probability curve for predicting severe mycoplasma pneumonia is 0.975 (P < .05). Children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia have significantly longer fever duration and hospital stay than those with mild symptoms. The serum levels of CXCL10 and CXCL16 are significantly elevated.
Topics: Child; Humans; Chemokine CXCL10; Chemokine CXCL16; Hospitalization; Length of Stay; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Retrospective Studies; Patient Acuity
PubMed: 38640272
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037814 -
Microbiological Research Jul 2024Heme oxygenase HO-1 (HMOX) regulates cellular inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in regulation of autophagy in Mycoplasma bovis infection is unknown. The objective...
Heme oxygenase activates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum of bovine mammary epithelial cells to promote TFEB entry into the nucleus to reduce the intracellular load of Mycoplasma bovis.
Heme oxygenase HO-1 (HMOX) regulates cellular inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in regulation of autophagy in Mycoplasma bovis infection is unknown. The objective was to determine how the HO-1/CO- Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-Ca- transcription factor EB (TFEB) signaling axis induces autophagy and regulates clearance of M. bovis by bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). M. bovis inhibited autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in bMECs and suppressed HO-1 protein and expression of related proteins, namely nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1). Activation of HO-1 and its production of carbon monoxide (CO) were required for induction of autophagy and clearance of intracellular M. bovis. Furthermore, when HO-1 was deficient, CO sustained cellular autophagy. HO-1 activation increased intracellular calcium (Ca) and cytosolic localization activity of TFEB via PERK. Knockdown of PERK or chelation of intracellular Ca inhibited HO-1-induced M. bovis autophagy and clearance. M. bovis infection affected nuclear localization of lysosomal TFEB in the MiT/TFE transcription factor subfamily, whereas activation of HO-1 mediated dephosphorylation and intranuclear localization of TFEB, promoting autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic clearance of M. bovis. Nuclear translocation of TFEB in HO-1 was critical to induce M. bovis transport and survival of infected bMECs. Furthermore, the HO-1/CO-PERK-Ca-TFEB signaling axis induced autophagy and M. bovis clearance, providing a viable approach to treat persistent M. bovis infections.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mycoplasma bovis; Autophagy; Epithelial Cells; Calcium; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Mammary Glands, Animal; Cell Nucleus; Female; eIF-2 Kinase; Mycoplasma Infections; Lysosomes; Heme Oxygenase-1; Carbon Monoxide; Signal Transduction; NF-E2-Related Factor 2
PubMed: 38636241
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127727 -
PloS One 2024We analyzed the prevalence of active infection with common curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, and T....
BACKGROUND
We analyzed the prevalence of active infection with common curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, and T. pallidum, as well as active infection with HPV, herpes simplex virus types I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2), M. hominis, M. genitalium, C. albicans, and Ureaplasma in 351 Lebanese women.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study, involving 351 sexually active women, 40 years or younger, who were recruited from outpatient Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic attendees between September 2016 and November 2017.
RESULTS
The prevalence of active infection was low at 0.3% for N. gonorrhea, 0.6% for HSV-2, 2.8% for C. trachomatis, and 2.9% for any curable STIs. Prevalence of active HPV infection was high assessed at 15.7% for high-risk and 12.2% for low-risk genotypes. Furthermore, the prevalence was 2.0% for M. genitalium, 6.8% for ureaplasma, 13.7% for Candida albicans, and 20.5% for M. hominis. No active infections with T. vaginalis, T. pallidum, or HSV-1 were observed. Significant age differences were noted in the prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV genotypes, but no such differences were noted in the prevalence of other infections. No appreciable variations were identified in the prevalence of key STIs based on smoking, marital status, or the number of sexual partners.
CONCLUSIONS
The study documented active infection with substantial prevalence for multiple STIs among women attending outpatient gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Lebanon. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening STI surveillance, linkage to care, and prevention interventions in reducing STI incidence among women.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Gonorrhea; Prevalence; Incidence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Papillomavirus Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Chlamydia trachomatis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Ureaplasma; Neisseria gonorrhoeae
PubMed: 38635688
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301231 -
Epidemiology and Infection Apr 2024This paper retrospectively analysed the prevalence of macrolide-resistant (MRMP) in some parts of China. Between January 2013 and December 2019, we collected 4,145...
This paper retrospectively analysed the prevalence of macrolide-resistant (MRMP) in some parts of China. Between January 2013 and December 2019, we collected 4,145 respiratory samples, including pharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid. The highest PCR-positive rate of M. pneumoniae was 74.5% in Beijing, the highest resistance rate was 100% in Shanghai, and Gansu was the lowest with 20%. The highest PCR-positive rate of was 74.5% in 2013, and the highest MRMP was 97.4% in 2019; the PCR-positive rate of for adults in Beijing was 17.9% and the MRMP was 10.48%. Among the children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the PCR-positive and macrolide-resistant rates of were both higher in the severe ones. A2063G in domain V of 23S rRNA was the major macrolide-resistant mutation, accounting for more than 90%. The MIC values of all MRMP to erythromycin and azithromycin were ≥ 64 μg/ml, and the MICs of tetracycline and levofloxacin were ≤ 0.5 μg/ml and ≤ 1 μg/ml, respectively. The macrolide resistance varied in different regions and years. Among inpatients, the macrolide-resistant rate was higher in severe pneumonia. A2063G was the common mutation, and we found no resistance to tetracycline and levofloxacin.
Topics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Humans; China; Macrolides; Retrospective Studies; Child; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Male; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Aged; Infant; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38634450
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000323 -
Clinical Medicine & Research Mar 2024remains a difficult sexually-transmitted infection (STI) to manage due to its potential for antimicrobial resistance and post-infection sequelae. University students...
remains a difficult sexually-transmitted infection (STI) to manage due to its potential for antimicrobial resistance and post-infection sequelae. University students are especially vulnerable, as this demographic has the highest rate of STI in the United States. As a result, investigating prevalence rates and therapeutic outcomes in this population is essential to minimize future impact of The purpose of this study was to investigate a university student population for distribution and treatment outcome. Retrospective chart-review of university health clinic attendees, augmented by laboratory detection of following therapeutic intervention. A total of 1617 student encounters at a midwestern United States university health clinic over a 28-month interval from November 2017 through February 2020 were analyzed for and positivity rates and prevalence. Detection of these sexually-transmitted pathogens occurred by commercial RNA amplification testing. Chart review was focused on participant outcomes following initial detection and therapeutic intervention. positivity and prevalence rates were 7.05% and 9.00%, respectively, while analogous rates for were 7.05% and 6.51%, respectively. An average of 1.83 positive results was generated from participants infected with at any time, with an average of 1.17 positive results for ( < 0.0002). For students treated with azithromycin, 30.3% generated a negative result upon follow-up, with 1g daily and 2-day 500mg dosing regimens demonstrating less efficacy than a 4-day 250mg regimen or moxifloxacin. Data indicate a need for molecular macrolide resistance determination from primary specimens in the university setting.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Macrolides; Retrospective Studies; Universities; Chlamydia trachomatis; Mycoplasma genitalium
PubMed: 38609142
DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2024.1871 -
Microbiology Spectrum May 2024(MP) is commonly detected in children. However, the epidemiological trends of MP in Northeast (NE) China are unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the...
UNLABELLED
(MP) is commonly detected in children. However, the epidemiological trends of MP in Northeast (NE) China are unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MP infections in this understudied region. The clinical manifestations and bronchoscopic findings observed in hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia (SMPP) were collected from comprehensive data obtained from six tertiary hospitals in NE and Inner Mongolian (IM) China, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. A total of 5,593,530 children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments, and 412,480 inpatient hospitalized children were included in the study. The positivity rate of MP immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments varied from 7.80% to 10.12%, whereas that of MP infection in hospitalized children ranged from 27.18% to 30.10%. Children hospitalized for MP infection were mainly concentrated in the 1- to 4-year (41.39%) and 4- to 7-year (24.25%) age groups. Before 2020, the season with the highest incidence of MP was winter. After the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), the MP epidemic season changed, and the number of children with MP infections decreased; however, the proportion of MP infections in hospitalized children did not change significantly. Starting from August 2023, the MP infection rate in outpatient, emergency, and hospitalized children increased sharply, with SMPP and its complications (e.g., plastic bronchitis and pleural effusion) increasing significantly. MP is prevalent in NE and IM, China. When the NPIs ended, MP infection showed a delayed outbreak trend, and the number of children with severe infection increased significantly.
IMPORTANCE
In Northeastern (NE) and Inner Mongolia (IM), the incidence of (MP) infections, including severe pneumonia (SMPP), is high, posing health risks and imposing substantial economic burdens on the local population. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the study of MP prevalence and address the research gaps in MP epidemiology in these areas of China. We obtained a comprehensive collection of pediatric outpatient, emergency, and inpatient data from six public Grade III hospitals. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because understanding regional variations in MP infections can help healthcare professionals tailor prevention and treatment strategies, and studying bronchoscopic manifestations can provide insights into the impact of the disease on the respiratory system, potentially leading to a more effective clinical management.
Topics: Humans; China; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Child, Preschool; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Infant; Adolescent; Prevalence; Hospitalization; Incidence; Immunoglobulin M; Seasons
PubMed: 38606996
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00097-24 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Jun 2024Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a microorganism related to sexually transmitted infections. Antibiotic resistance of MG leads to an increase in treatment failure rates and...
OBJECTIVE
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a microorganism related to sexually transmitted infections. Antibiotic resistance of MG leads to an increase in treatment failure rates and the persistence of the infection. The aim of this study was to describe the most frequent mutations associated with azithromycin and moxifloxacin resistance in our geographical area.
METHODS
A prospective study from May 2019 to May 2023 was performed. MG-positive samples were collected. Real-time PCRs (AllplexTM MG-AziR Assay and AllplexTM MG-MoxiR Assay, Seegene) were performed in MG positive samples to detect mutations in 23S rRNA V domain and parC gene.
RESULTS
A 37.1% of samples presented resistance determinants to azithromycin and the most common mutation detected was A2059G (57.9%). Resistance to moxifloxacin was studied in 72 azithromycin-resistant samples and 36.1% showed mutations, being G248T the most prevalent (73.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The resistance to different lines of treat ment suggests the need for a targeted therapy and the performing of a test of cure afterwards.
Topics: Mycoplasma genitalium; Moxifloxacin; Azithromycin; Spain; Humans; Prospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Mutation; Female; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Adult; DNA Topoisomerase IV
PubMed: 38591493
DOI: 10.37201/req/015.2024 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is usually mild and self-limiting, but still about 12% of them will progress to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP),...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is usually mild and self-limiting, but still about 12% of them will progress to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP), which have poor survival rates and often require intensive medical resource utilization. We retrospectively collected clinical data from 526 children with MPP admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to February 2023 and randomly divided the data into a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 4:1. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent risk factors for SMPP. Age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze are independent risk factors for SMPP in children. Then, we built an online dynamic nomogram ( https://ertongyiyuanliexiantu.shinyapps.io/SMPP/ ) based on the 11 independent risk factors. The C-index, ROC curve, DCA curve and calibration curve were used to assess the performance of the nomogram, which all showed that the dynamic nomogram has excellent clinical value. Based on age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze, the first dynamic nomogram for accurately predicting SMPP was successfully established.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Nomograms; Retrospective Studies; Coinfection; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Pleural Effusion; Fever; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38589453
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58784-3