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Emerging Infectious Diseases Jun 2021We describe the isolation of atypical Brucella inopinata-like species and unique clinicopathologic findings in 2 adult marine toads (Rhinella marina), including...
We describe the isolation of atypical Brucella inopinata-like species and unique clinicopathologic findings in 2 adult marine toads (Rhinella marina), including oophoritis in 1 toad. These findings represent a novel emerging disease in toads and a possible zoonotic pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Brucella; Brucellosis; Bufo marinus; Female
PubMed: 34014155
DOI: 10.3201/eid2706.204001 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2021The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of healthcare-associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of healthcare-associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive tract (vagina, ovaries, uterus) including chorioamnionitis, and antimicrobial resistance of causing pathogens in Ukraine.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study was based on surveillance data. The study population included 3,053 women's who underwent gynecological surgery or other procedures from 2017 to 2019 in 7 women hospitals in Ukraine. Definitions of healthcare-associated reproductive tract infection were used from the CDC/ NHSN.
RESULTS
Results: The prevalence of healthcare-associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive tract was 26.3%. Incidence of infection was: 13.3% Pelvic abscess or cellulitis, 14.6% Adnexa utery, 9.5% Salpingitis, 7.1% Oophoritis, 12.2% Parametritis, 4.6% Chorioamnionitis, and 38.8% Bacterial Vaginitis. The predominant pathogens were: Escherichia coli (25.6%), Enterobacter spp. (11.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%). Methicillin-resistance was observed in 14.3% of S. aureus (MRSA). The overall proportion of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae was 20.8%. The prevalence of ESBL production among E. coli isolates was 24.7% and among K. pneumoniae 11.9%. Resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporins was observed in 12.8% E.coli and 9.2% K. pneumoniae isolates. Carbapenem resistance was identified in 8.5% of P.aeruginosa isolates.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Healthcare associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive tract in Ukraine is a common occurrence and many cases are caused by pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cohort Studies; Cross Infection; Delivery of Health Care; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus aureus; Ukraine
PubMed: 33813441
DOI: No ID Found -
Autoimmune Diseases in Patients with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency-Our Current State of Knowledge.International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), previously known as premature ovarian failure or premature menopause, is defined as loss of ovarian function before the age of 40... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), previously known as premature ovarian failure or premature menopause, is defined as loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. The risk of POI before the age of 40 is 1%. Clinical symptoms develop as a result of estrogen deficiency and may include amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, vasomotor instability (hot flushes, night sweats), sleep disturbances, vulvovaginal atrophy, altered urinary frequency, dyspareunia, low libido, and lack of energy. Most causes of POI remain undefined, however, it is estimated that anywhere from 4-30% of cases are autoimmune in origin. As the ovaries are a common target for autoimmune attacks, an autoimmune etiology of POI should always be considered, especially in the presence of anti-oocyte antibodies (AOAs), autoimmune diseases, or lymphocytic oophoritis in biopsy. POI can occur in isolation, but is often associated with other autoimmune conditions. Concordant thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and Grave's disease are most commonly seen. Adrenal autoimmune disorders are the second most common disorders associated with POI. Among women with diabetes mellitus, POI develops in roughly 2.5%. Additionally, autoimmune-related POI can also present as part of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS), a condition in which autoimmune activity causes specific endocrine organ damage. In its most common presentation (type-3), APS is associated with Hashomoto's type thyroid antibodies and has a prevalence of 10-40%. 21OH-Antibodies in Addison's disease (AD) can develop in association to APS-2.
Topics: Amenorrhea; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Menopause, Premature; Ovary; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 33807517
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052594 -
Cureus Feb 2021Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis is an extremely rare entity. The clinical features are similar to the common benign and malignant adnexal diseases, making it...
Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis is an extremely rare entity. The clinical features are similar to the common benign and malignant adnexal diseases, making it difficult to diagnose. Here we present a case of pelvic mass with high level of tumor markers who was operated with suspicion of adnexal tumor. Histopathology revealed it to be a case of xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis.
PubMed: 33754094
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13363 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The increasing number of patients with infertility is recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. However, little is known about the cause of infertility. At present,... (Review)
Review
The increasing number of patients with infertility is recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. However, little is known about the cause of infertility. At present, it is believed that infertility may be related to genetic or abnormal immune responses. It has long been indicated that autoimmune regulator (AIRE), a transcription factor, participates in immune tolerance by regulating the expression of thousands of promiscuous tissue-specific antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), which play a pivotal role in preventing autoimmune diseases. AIRE is also expressed in germ cell progenitors. Importantly, the deletion of AIRE leads to severe oophoritis and age-dependent depletion of follicular reserves and causes altered embryonic development in female mice. AIRE-deficient male mice exhibit altered apoptosis during spermatogenesis and have a significantly decreased breeding capacity. These reports suggest that AIRE deficiency may be responsible for infertility. The causes may be related to the production of autoantibodies against sperm, poor development of germ cells, and abnormal ovarian function, which eventually lead to infertility. Here, we focus on the potential associations of AIRE deficiency with infertility as well as the possible pathogenesis, providing insight into the significance of AIRE in the development of infertility.
Topics: Animals; Female; Infertility; Male; Mice; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune
PubMed: 33679804
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641164 -
Cureus Nov 2020Introduction Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a spectrum of illness ranging from mild illness to more severe forms including tubo-ovarian abscess, hydrosalpinx,...
Introduction Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a spectrum of illness ranging from mild illness to more severe forms including tubo-ovarian abscess, hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, oophoritis (THPO). The objective of the study was to report rates and clinical characteristics of females presenting to the ED with a diagnosis of THPO in relationship to the presence or absence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods A database of ED patient encounters occurring from April 18, 2014, to March 7, 2017 was created. Analysis of women diagnosed with THPO and who had testing for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas by nucleic acid amplification testing or who had a vaginal wet preparation was performed. Patient demographics, ED diagnoses, laboratory tests, medications administered in the ED, and medications prescribed were examined. Categorical variables were summarized as count and percentages and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Continuous variables were summarized as the mean and standard deviation and analyzed using the t-test. All statistical tests were two-sided with a significance level of 0.05. Results THPO was diagnosed in 0.3% (56/17,905) of patient encounters. There were 50% (28/56) of women with THPO admitted to the hospital. There were 25.0% (12/48) women who received a positive test result for , , and/or . Women with THPO were significantly older, more likely to be infected with gonorrhea, and more likely to be diagnosed with sepsis and PID (P<.05 for all). Conclusions THPO is an infrequently encountered entity in the ED. A diagnosis of STI, PID, and sepsis can accompany these presentations. Although an uncommon diagnosis, ED providers must be attentive to patients presenting with pelvic symptoms that could be consistent with THPO to mitigate any complications that may arise and to direct the appropriate treatment.
PubMed: 33376658
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11647 -
Journal of Epidemiology Aug 2021Mumps vaccination coverage is low in Japan, partly because of its voluntary nature. Although pediatric cases of mumps virus infection are captured by the National...
BACKGROUND
Mumps vaccination coverage is low in Japan, partly because of its voluntary nature. Although pediatric cases of mumps virus infection are captured by the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases program under the Infectious Disease Law, there are currently no data regarding the occurrence of mumps and its complications in adults.
METHODS
We investigated the annual incidence rates of mumps and its complications based on health insurance reimbursement data for 5,209,660 individuals aged 0-64 years for 2005-2017, obtained from JMDC Inc., to estimate the mumps-related disease burden during this period.
RESULTS
There were three mumps outbreaks (2006, 2010, and 2016) during 2005-2017. The annual incidence of mumps was highest in individuals aged 0-5 years (808-3,792 per 100,000 persons), followed by those aged 6-15 years (658-2,141 per 100,000 persons). The incidence of mumps was higher in females than in males (male/female ratio, 0.90). Among mumps-related complications, the overall incidence (per 1,000 mumps cases) was highest for orchitis (6.6), followed by meningitis (5.8), deafness (1.3), pancreatitis (0.5), and encephalitis (0.3). No cases of oophoritis were noted. The overall incidence of mumps-related complications was 2.5 times higher in males than in females.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the disease burden due to mumps and its complications in Japan during 2005-2017. These data suggest the need for mumps-prevention measures in adolescents and adults, as well as in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost of Illness; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Mumps; Young Adult
PubMed: 32684528
DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20200048 -
Cureus May 2020Introduction Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure in women, and oophorectomy may also be performed with the hysterectomy. The objective of this study was to...
Introduction Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure in women, and oophorectomy may also be performed with the hysterectomy. The objective of this study was to identify clinical indications and pathological findings in hysterectomies, performed for gynecological causes, in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and to determine if oophorectomy or ovarian conservation was performed with the hysterectomy as well as the pathological findings in the ovaries. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Pathology at Dow Medical College in Karachi, Pakistan, from September 2017 to December 2018. Data were recorded from the pathology reports of hysterectomy specimens received in the department. Data of hysterectomies performed for gynecological causes in women of reproductive age group were selected and analyzed, using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington) and SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Data of women more than 49 years and obstetric hysterectomies were excluded. Results Three hundred sixty-one hysterectomies were received; 157 of which were hysterectomies performed in women of reproductive age for gynecological reasons. The mean age of the women was 40.37 (± 5.47) years. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most frequent clinical indication for hysterectomy in 81 (51.59%) women, followed by uterine prolapse in 29 (18.47%) and leiomyoma in 22 (14.01%). Common pathologies in the endometrium were endometritis in 14 (8.92%) and endometrial polyp in nine (5.73%). In the myometrium, leiomyoma was reported in 52 (33.12%) cases, adenomyosis in 37 (23.57%), and both leiomyoma and adenomyosis in 37 (23.57%) women. Uterine prolapse was histologically identified in 38 (24.20%) women. Oophorectomy was performed on 107 (68.15%) women, and out of these, 83 (77.59%) women's ovaries showed either normal histology or functional cysts. Ovarian pathologies reported were endometriosis, serous cystadenomas and oophoritis in five patients each (4.81%), ovarian serous carcinoma in three (2.88%), and mucinous carcinoma in one (0.96%) patient. Conclusion Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common clinical indication for hysterectomy in women of reproductive age. The common pathologies in the hysterectomies were endometritis, endometrial polyp, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and uterine prolapse. Most of the ovaries removed with the hysterectomy did not show any significant pathology, therefore, further studies in this direction are recommended for confirmation of this finding. Ovarian conservation may be considered in women undergoing hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding or other uterine causes and with no radiological or surgical indication for oophorectomy.
PubMed: 32617218
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8344 -
Poultry Science Jan 2020Apperantly healthy laying hens at the end of production (60 to 91 wk) were investigated for the occurrence of pathology and bacterial infections. In total, 7,477 hens... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Apperantly healthy laying hens at the end of production (60 to 91 wk) were investigated for the occurrence of pathology and bacterial infections. In total, 7,477 hens from 15 flocks representing the following production systems: Enriched cages, barn housed layers, and organic/free range layers were necropsied. Indications of bacterial infection were investigated by bacteriological cultivation. The overall prevalence of lesions was 16.60%, including lesions of both infectious and non-infectious origin. The most prevalent lesions were bursitis presternalis (6.65%), reproductive tract lesions (e.g., salpingitis and/or peritonitis and/or oophoritis) (3.50%), serosal scarification (e.g., fibrotic adhesive peritonitis) 1.55%, and neoplasm 1.73%. Significant differences were observed between different production systems and/or flocks in the prevalence of reproductive tract lesions, bursitis presternalis, serosal scarification, skin infections, juvenile hens, and traumas/fractures. No significant difference was observed between different production systems in the prevalence of neoplasia, infection of septicemic etiology, and pododermatitis. In total, 3.4% of the hens were out of lay, with significantly higher rate in organic flocks. Infections of the reproductive tract were the most prevalent lesions with bacterial etiology in all productions systems. In total, 40% of the hens with lesions associated to the oviduct were out of lay and significant difference between production systems were observed. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria and in 90% of the cases they were isolated from the reproductive tract lesions. The second most prevalent bacteria was Gallibacteruim anatis. Significant difference in the prevalence of E. coli positive hens was observed between production systems (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of reproductive tract lesions in apparently healthy end-of-lay laying was higher than indicated in previous reports. These findings support the previous suggestions that E. coli and G. anatis are the major pathogens causing reproductive tract lesions.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Autopsy; Bacterial Infections; Chickens; Denmark; Female; Housing, Animal; Poultry Diseases; Prevalence
PubMed: 32416793
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez569 -
Toxicopathological, Cytogenetic Effects of Acetothioamide on Female Albino Mice Reproductive System.Open Access Macedonian Journal of... Dec 2019To determine toxicopathological and cytogenetic effects of Acetothioamide (ATA) on the female reproductive system.
AIM
To determine toxicopathological and cytogenetic effects of Acetothioamide (ATA) on the female reproductive system.
METHODS
Twenty albino female mice were divided equally into two groups: the first group (control) fed with diet pellet. The second group (treated) were inoculated intraperitoneally with a single dose of ATA (100 mg/kg Bw) for 15 days. All mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and blood was collected for evaluation of (FSH and LH), serum peroxy nitrate radical concentration. Cytogenetic analysis (chromosomal aberration, micronuclei, mitotic index and blast index) and the histopathological examination on ovary and uterus were done.
RESULTS
ATA causes significant reduction (p < 0.0001) for FSH, LH and serum peroxy nitrate radical concentration among treated females. Oophoritis, pyometria, thrombosis and endometrial hyperplasia with granulomatous reaction were reported among treated females mainly in uterus tissue and ovary.
CONCLUSION
ATA causes significant reduction for FSH, LH and serum peroxy nitrate concentration among treated females. Oophoritis, pyometria, thrombosis and endometrial hyperplasia with granulomatous reaction were the main pathological changes in uterus tissue and ovary among treated females.
PubMed: 32165930
DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.858