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Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review Dec 2019To detect the clinical and pathological features of women with adnexal masses (AMs) admitted as emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan...
AIM OF THE STUDY
To detect the clinical and pathological features of women with adnexal masses (AMs) admitted as emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan University.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the data of women with AMs admitted as an emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan University. The collected data include: age, age of menarche and age of menopause, presenting symptoms, admission criteria - either self-referral or refereed from another department, ultrasound findings, associated pregnancy, associated pathology of the female genital tract, and post-operative histological results of surgically excised AMs (gold standard).
RESULTS
77.04% (245/318) of the studied AMs were found in the reproductive age group. The main causes for surgical intervention for the studied AMs was ruptured ovarian cyst in 27.1% or adnexal torsion in 9.7%. The available histological results of the surgically managed AMs showed the following: functional ovarian cyst in 36.2% (115/318), benign ovarian neoplasms (BONs) in 18.55% (59/318), and borderline malignant ovarian tumours in 0.63% (2/318). 44.34% of the studied AMs were associated with pregnancy, 49.3% with chronic tubo-ovarain diseases such as salpingo-oophoritis, 14.8% with cervical pathology and pelvic inflammatory diseases, 11.3% with uterine leiomyomas, and 4.4% with endometrial hyperplasia.
CONCLUSIONS
AMs were more common in the reproductive age group (77.04%), and 44.34% of the studied AMs were associated with pregnancy. The main causes of surgical intervention for the studied AMs were ruptured ovarian cyst in 27.1% or adnexal torsion in 9.7%.
PubMed: 31975986
DOI: 10.5114/pm.2019.90377 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2020is a Gram-negative bacterium of the family that resides normally in the respiratory and reproductive tracts in poultry. It is a major cause of oophoritis, salpingitis,... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative bacterium of the family that resides normally in the respiratory and reproductive tracts in poultry. It is a major cause of oophoritis, salpingitis, and peritonitis, decreases egg production and mortality in hens thereby severely affecting animal welfare and overall productivity by poultry industries across Europe, Asia, America, and Africa. In addition, it has the ability to infect wider host range including domesticated and free-ranging avian hosts as well as mammalian hosts such as cattle, pigs and human. Evaluating the common virulence factors including outer membrane vesicles, fimbriae, capsule, metalloproteases, biofilm formation, hemagglutinin, and determining novel factors such as the RTX-like toxin GtxA, elongation factor-Tu, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has pathobiological, diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic significance. Treating this bacterial pathogen with traditional antimicrobial drugs is discouraged owing to the emergence of widespread multidrug resistance, whereas the efficacy of preventing this disease by classical vaccines is limited due to its antigenic diversity. It will be necessary to acquire in-depth knowledge on important virulence factors, pathogenesis and, concerns of rising antibiotic resistance, improvised treatment regimes, and novel vaccine candidates to effectively tackle this pathogen. This review substantially describes the etio-epidemiological aspects of infection in poultry, and updates the recent development in understanding the pathogenesis, organism evolution and therapeutic and prophylactic approaches to counter infection for safeguarding the welfare and health of poultry.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Poultry; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 31902298
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1712495 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Dec 2019Oophoritis, a complication of mumps, is said to affect only 5% of all postpubertal women. In this report, we present a case of a 31-year-old Iranian woman with...
INTRODUCTION
Oophoritis, a complication of mumps, is said to affect only 5% of all postpubertal women. In this report, we present a case of a 31-year-old Iranian woman with amenorrhea and infertility due to an infantile uterus and atrophic ovaries associated with contracting mumps at a young age. She later successfully carried a healthy baby to term.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was diagnosed with oophoritis when she was 8 years of age. She had no menses before treatment. The patient underwent a low-dose contraceptive treatment from age 19 until she was 31 years of age. During this period, the size of her uterus was constantly monitored, which revealed constant yet slow uterine growth. At age 31, Drospil (containing 3 mg of drospirenone and 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol) treatment was initiated and administered for 3 months, which led to substantial uterine growth and menses. After her uterus had reached a mature size, the patient was referred to an assisted reproductive technology clinic. There she received a donor oocyte that was fertilized with the sperm of her husband. She had a successful low-risk pregnancy after the second embryo transfer.
CONCLUSION
Low-dose contraceptive treatment containing progesterone, followed by Drospil, which includes both estradiol and progesterone, had a synergistic effect that led to the growth of the patient's uterus.
Topics: Adult; Androstenes; Female; Humans; Iran; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Mumps; Oophoritis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Progesterone; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Urogenital Abnormalities; Uterus
PubMed: 31864420
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2271-9 -
Journal of Virology Jan 2020Mumps virus (MuV), an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the family , enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral envelope proteins,...
Disruption of the Dimer-Dimer Interaction of the Mumps Virus Attachment Protein Head Domain, Aided by an Anion Located at the Interface, Compromises Membrane Fusion Triggering.
Mumps virus (MuV), an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the family , enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral envelope proteins, an attachment protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuV-HN) and a fusion (F) protein. However, how the binding of MuV-HN to glycan receptors triggers membrane fusion is not well understood. The crystal structure of the MuV-HN head domain forms a tetramer (dimer of dimers) like other paramyxovirus attachment proteins. In the structure, a sulfate ion (SO) was found at the interface between two dimers, which may be replaced by a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO) under physiological conditions. The anion is captured by the side chain of a positively charged arginine residue at position 139 of one monomer each from both dimers. Substitution of alanine or lysine for arginine at this position compromised the fusion support activity of MuV-HN without affecting its cell surface expression, glycan-receptor binding, and interaction with the F protein. Furthermore, the substitution appeared to affect the tetramer formation of the head domain as revealed by blue native-PAGE analysis. These results, together with our previous similar findings with the measles virus attachment protein head domain, suggest that the dimer-dimer interaction within the tetramer may play an important role in triggering membrane fusion during paramyxovirus entry. Despite the use of effective live vaccines, mumps outbreaks still occur worldwide. Mumps virus (MuV) infection typically causes flu-like symptoms and parotid gland swelling but sometimes leads to orchitis, oophoritis, and neurological complications, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and deafness. MuV enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral proteins, a receptor-binding attachment protein, and a fusion protein, but its detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we show that the tetramer (dimer of dimers) formation of the MuV attachment protein head domain is supported by an anion located at the interface between two dimers and that the dimer-dimer interaction plays an important role in triggering the activation of the fusion protein and causing membrane fusion. These results not only further our understanding of MuV entry but provide useful information about a possible target for antiviral drugs.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Membrane Fusion; Mumps virus; Mutation, Missense; Phosphates; Protein Domains; Protein Multimerization; Sulfates; Viral Fusion Proteins; Virus Attachment; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 31619562
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01732-19 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2019Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global concern because infection of pregnant mothers was linked to congenital birth defects. Zika virus is unique from other flaviviruses,...
BACKGROUND
Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global concern because infection of pregnant mothers was linked to congenital birth defects. Zika virus is unique from other flaviviruses, because it is transmitted vertically and sexually in addition to by mosquito vectors. Prior studies in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans have shown that ZIKV targets the testis in males, resulting in persistent infection and oligospermia. However, its effects on the corresponding female gonads have not been evaluated.
METHODS
In this study, we assessed the effects of ZIKV on the ovary in nonpregnant mice.
RESULTS
During the acute phase, ZIKV productively infected the ovary causing accumulation of CD4+ and virus-specific CD8+ T cells. T cells protected against ZIKV infection in the ovary, as higher viral burden was measured in CD8-/- and TCRβδ-/- mice. Increased cell death and tissue inflammation in the ovary was observed during the acute phase of infection, but this normalized over time.
CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to that observed with males, minimal persistence and no long-term consequences of ZIKV infection on ovarian follicular reserve or fertility were demonstrated in this model. Thus, although ZIKV replicates in cells of the ovary and causes acute oophoritis, there is rapid resolution and no long-term effects on fertility, at least in mice.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fertility; Infertility, Female; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oophoritis; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Viral Load; Viral Tropism; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 31063544
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz239 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology... Apr 2019
PubMed: 30956491
DOI: 10.1007/s13224-017-0967-6 -
Autoimmune Regulator is required in female mice for optimal embryonic development and implantation†.Biology of Reproduction Jun 2019Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) regulates central immune tolerance by inducing expression of tissue-restricted antigens in thymic medullary epithelial cells, thereby...
Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) regulates central immune tolerance by inducing expression of tissue-restricted antigens in thymic medullary epithelial cells, thereby ensuring elimination of autoreactive T cells. Aire mutations in humans and targeted Aire deletion in mice result in multiorgan autoimmune disease, known in humans as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1). APS-1 is characterized by the presence of adrenal insufficiency, chronic mucosal candidiasis, and/or hypoparathyroidism. Additionally, females often present with gonadal insufficiency and infertility. Aire-deficiency (KO) in mice results in oophoritis and age-dependent depletion of follicular reserves. Here, we found that while the majority of young 6-week-old Aire-KO females had normal follicular reserves, mating behavior, and ovulation rates, 50% of females experienced embryonic loss between gestation day (GD) 5.5 and 7.5 that could not be attributed to insufficient progesterone production or decidualization. The quality of GD0.5 embryos recovered from Aire KO mice was reduced, and when cultured in vitro, embryos displayed limited developmental capacity in comparison to those recovered from wild-type (WT) mice. Further, embryos flushed from Aire KO dams at GD3.5 were developmentally delayed in comparison to WT controls and had reduced trophoblastic outgrowth in vitro. We conclude that AIRE does not play a direct role in uterine decidualization. Rather, reduced fertility of Aire-deficient females is likely due to multiple factors, including oophoritis, delayed preimplantation development, and compromised implantation. These effects may be explained by autoimmune targeting of the ovary, embryo, or both. Alternatively, altered embryonic development could be due to a direct role for AIRE in early embryogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Embryo Implantation; Embryonic Development; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Knockout; Transcription Factors; AIRE Protein
PubMed: 30770532
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz023 -
Iranian Journal of Pathology 2018Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is an uncommon, non-neoplastic, chronic process in which the affected organ is destroyed by massive cellular infiltration of foamy...
Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is an uncommon, non-neoplastic, chronic process in which the affected organ is destroyed by massive cellular infiltration of foamy histiocytes admixed with multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and foci of necrosis. The etiology of this entity is unknown, but it shares histopathological findings similar to those of xanthogranulomatous change occurring in various organs, including the gallbladder and kidney. The current case was a 20-year-old female presenting with a tubo-ovarian mass with suspicion of malignancy on clinicoradiological findings and final diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous oophritis established on histopathology. Clinically and radiologically, xanthogranulomatous oophritis mimics tumor of the ovary and fallopian tube, thereby making it an important entity. A vigilant histopathological evaluation is important to diagnose the disease.
PubMed: 30636962
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2018The advent of multikinase inhibitor (MKI) therapy has led to a radical change in the treatment of patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this manuscript is...
OBJECTIVE
The advent of multikinase inhibitor (MKI) therapy has led to a radical change in the treatment of patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this manuscript is to communicate rare adverse events that occurred in less than 5% of patients in clinical trials in a subset of patients treated in our hospital.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Out of 760 patients with thyroid cancer followed up with in our Division of Endocrinology, 29 (3.8%) received treatment with MKIs. The median age at diagnosis of these patients was 53 years (range 20-70), and 75.9% of them were women. Sorafenib was prescribed as first-line treatment to 23 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and as second-line treatment to one patient with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Vandetanib was indicated as first-line treatment in 6 patients with MTC and lenvatinib as second-line treatment in two patients with progressive disease under sorafenib treatment.
RESULTS
During the follow-up of treatment (mean 13.7 ± 7 months, median 12 months, range 6-32), 5/29 (17.2%) patients presented rare adverse events. These rare adverse effects were: heart failure, thrombocytopenia, and squamous cell carcinoma during sorafenib therapy and squamous cell carcinoma and oophoritis with intestinal perforation during vandetanib treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
About 3 to 5 years after the approval of MKI therapy, we learned that MKIs usually lead to adverse effects in the majority of patients. Although most of them are manageable, we still need to be aware of potentially serious and rare or unreported adverse effects that can be life-threatening.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Medullary; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Oophoritis; Phenylurea Compounds; Piperidines; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Quinazolines; Quinolines; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sorafenib; Thrombocytopenia; Thyroid Neoplasms; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30624504
DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000090 -
Journal of Medical Virology Mar 2019Mumps, a vaccine-preventable disease, cause inflammation of salivary glands and may cause severe complications, such as encephalitis, meningitis, deafness, and...
Mumps, a vaccine-preventable disease, cause inflammation of salivary glands and may cause severe complications, such as encephalitis, meningitis, deafness, and orchitis/oophoritis. In India, mumps vaccine is not included in the universal immunization program and during 2009 to 2014, 72 outbreaks with greater than 1500 cases were reported. In August 2016, a suspected mumps outbreak was reported in Jaisalmer block, Rajasthan. We investigated to confirm the etiology, describe the epidemiology, and recommend prevention and control measures. We defined a case as swelling in the parotid region in a Jaisalmer block resident between 23 June 2016 and 10 September 2016. We searched for cases in health facilities and house-to-house in affected villages and hamlets. We tested blood samples of cases for mumps immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found 162 cases (60% males) with a median age of 9.4 years (range: 7 month-38 years) and 65 (40%) were females. Symptoms included fever (70%) and bilateral swelling in neck (65%). None of them were vaccinated against mumps. Most (84%) cases were school-going children (3-16 years old). The overall attack rate was 2%. Village A, with two hamlets, had the highest attack rate (hamlet 1 = 13% and hamlet 2 = 12%). School A of village A, hamlet 1, which accommodated 200 children in two classrooms, had an attack rate of 55%. Of 18 blood samples from cases, 11 tested positive for mumps IgM ELISA. This was a confirmed mumps outbreak in Jaisalmer block that disproportionately affected school-going children. We recommended continued surveillance, 5-day absence from school, and vaccination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Incidence; India; Infant; Male; Mumps; Mumps virus; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 30252936
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25324