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High Grade Serous Cystadenocarcinoma of Testis-Case Report of a Rare Ovarian Epithelial Type Tumour.Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Jun 2017Ovarian epithelial type tumour of testis are extremely rare tumours that resemble ovarian surface epithelial tumours. They usually present as testicular or...
Ovarian epithelial type tumour of testis are extremely rare tumours that resemble ovarian surface epithelial tumours. They usually present as testicular or paratesticular tumours and can be serous, mucinous, endometrioid or Brenner tumour. Serous and mucinous types account for the majority of tumours. The tumours are benign, borderline or malignant, commonly borderline. Here, we report a case of high grade serous cyst adenocarcinoma of testis which manifested as extensive metastasis in supraclavicular, mediastinal and abdominopelvic groups of lymph nodes, lung and adrenal gland without clinical evidence of an overt primary tumour. We report this case so as to make clinicians and pathologists aware of this rare entity and to stress on the fact that this rare entity should be kept in mind when evaluating cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma in male patients.
PubMed: 28764180
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/27743.10097 -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2017Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) is known to be involved in tumor progression. However, its molecular role and mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains...
Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) is known to be involved in tumor progression. However, its molecular role and mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unknown. In the present investigation, we examined the role of HSP70-2 in cell cycle, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition pathways in EOC cells in and xenograft mouse model. To investigate the role of HSP70-2 in ovarian cancer, plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was used to examine HSP70-2 gene and protein expression in ovarian cancer cell line A-10 (origin: serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma), Caov-3 (origin: adenocarcinoma) and SKOV3 (origin: adenocarcinoma; derived from metastatic site: ascites) by RT-PCR, quantitative-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, viability tests, and flow cytometry were used to study the cellular proliferation, onset of senescence, colony forming ability and morphological features of cancer cells. Cell migration and invasion ability was evaluated by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on human ovarian xenograft mice model. At molecular level, various molecules involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition were also examined both in and xenograft mouse model. The knockdown of HSP70-2 expression by gene silencing resulted in the onset of apoptosis, senescence, reduced cellular growth and colony forming ability of EOC cells. Interestingly, the migration, invasion and wound healing abilities of cells were also significantly inhibited. In addition, the ablation of HSP70-2 resulted in the upregulation of cytochrome-C, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 9, APAF1, BAX, BIM, BAK, BAD, BID, PUMA, NOXA, p16, p21, Rb, E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18, EMA in these cells as well as in the xenograft tumor specimens. However, there was downregulation of PARP1, BCL-2, Bcl-x, MCL-1, Survivin, XIAP, cIAP2, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, p-Rb, N-cadherin, SNAIL, SLUG, VIMENTIN, SMA, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 and TWIST in these samples. Furthermore, the xenograft studies showed significant reduction in the tumor growth. Our results suggest that HSP70-2 can promote cellular growth and invasion of EOC cells and therefore may be a potential therapeutic target in EOC.
PubMed: 28670489
DOI: No ID Found -
Disease Markers 2017The expression of NILCO molecules (Notch, IL-1, and leptin crosstalk outcome) and the association with obesity were investigated in types I and II endometrial cancer...
OBJECTIVE
The expression of NILCO molecules (Notch, IL-1, and leptin crosstalk outcome) and the association with obesity were investigated in types I and II endometrial cancer (EmCa). Additionally, the involvement of NILCO in leptin-induced invasiveness of EmCa cells was investigated.
METHODS
The expression of NILCO mRNAs and proteins were analyzed in EmCa from African-American ( = 29) and Chinese patients (tissue array, = 120 cases). The role of NILCO in leptin-induced invasion of Ishikawa and An3ca EmCa cells was investigated using Notch, IL-1, and leptin signaling inhibitors.
RESULTS
NILCO molecules were expressed higher in type II EmCa, regardless of ethnic background or obesity status of patients. NILCO proteins were mainly localized in the cellular membrane and cytoplasm of type II EmCa. Additionally, EmCa from obese African-American patients showed higher levels of NILCO molecules than EmCa from lean patients. Notably, leptin-induced EmCa cell invasion was abrogated by NILCO inhibitors.
CONCLUSION
Type II EmCa expressed higher NILCO molecules, which may suggest it is involved in the progression of the more aggressive EmCa phenotype. Obesity was associated with higher expression of NILCO molecules in EmCa. Leptin-induced cell invasion was dependent on NILCO. Hence, NILCO might be involved in tumor progression and could represent a new target/biomarker for type II EmCa.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Aged; Antibodies; Asian People; Black People; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Diamines; Disease Progression; Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometrium; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Interleukin-1; Leptin; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Obesity; Protein Isoforms; Receptor, Notch1; Signal Transduction; Thiazoles
PubMed: 28659656
DOI: 10.1155/2017/8248175 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... May 2017Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is considered one of the rarest female genital cancers, and its bilateral occurrence is even rarer. Because of the rarity of fallopian...
Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is considered one of the rarest female genital cancers, and its bilateral occurrence is even rarer. Because of the rarity of fallopian tube carcinomas as well as the clinical presentation which simulates an ovarian cancer, a correct preoperative diagnosis of fallopian tube carcinoma is seen only in 4% of cases, and is usually first appreciated by Pathologists. We are reporting our experience of a case of bilateral primary serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube in a 36-year-old female.
PubMed: 28658790
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24867.9940 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Apr 2017Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a promoter of angiogenesis, is a promising target for anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer. In our study, we examined the...
INTRODUCTION
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a promoter of angiogenesis, is a promising target for anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer. In our study, we examined the expression of VEGF in the spectrum of epithelial ovarian neoplasms (benign, borderline and malignant) by Immunohistochemistry (IHC).
AIM
Diagnosing ovarian epithelial neoplasms, examining the expression of VEGF in benign, borderline and malignant neoplasms and correlating it with histological grade and stage of malignant cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a cross-sectional, observational study where, total of 50 cases of surface epithelial ovarian neoplasms were examined for expression of VEGF by IHC. Scoring for VEGF expression was done for each case.
RESULTS
A total of 42 of the 50 cases (84%) showed VEGF expression. Out of the 42 positive cases, 19 were high VEGF expressors and 23 were low VEGF expressors. VEGF expression was significantly higher in carcinomas as compared to benign and borderline neoplasms (p=<0.001). All neoplasms of serous morphology were positive for VEGF. High VEGF expression was significantly associated with high grade (p=0.003) and stage (p=0.001) of disease.
CONCLUSION
Ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms significantly express VEGF. Though, some VEGF expression was noted in benign and some borderline neoplasms, high VEGF expression was noted only in carcinomas and one case of borderline serous papillary tumour. Thus, these results suggest that epithelial ovarian tumours are candidates for VEGF targeting therapy as most of them are dependent on VEGF for progression.
PubMed: 28571149
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24670.9737 -
Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny Feb 2017The aim of this study was to assess short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of pancreatic cystic tumors (PCTs).
UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to assess short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of pancreatic cystic tumors (PCTs).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 46 patients (31 women and 15 men) who had undergone surgery for pancreatic cystic tumors in our department.
RESULTS
Pancreatic cystic tumors were located within the pancreatic head (21), body (11), tail (13), and whole pancreas (1). The following surgical procedures were performed: pancreatoduodenectomy (20), central pancreatectomy (9), distal pancreatectomy (3), distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (3), distal extended pancreatectomy with splenectomy (2), total pancreatectomy (1), duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection (1), local tumor resection (4), and other procedures (2). Histopathological tumor types were as follows: serous cystadenoma (14), intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma (5), intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (5), solid pseudopapillary tumor (5), mucinous cystadenoma (5), mucinous cystadenoma with border malignancy (1), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (2), adenocarcinoma (4), and other tumors (5). Early postoperative complications were observed in 14 (30.43%) patients. Reoperations were performed in 9 (19.56%) patients. The perioperative mortality rate was 6.52%.
CONCLUSIONS
Serous cystadenoma was the most common pancreatic cystic tumor in the analyzed group. PCTs were most frequently located within the pancreatic head. Pancreatic resection was possible in most patients, and pancreatoduodenectomy was the most common pancreatic resection type.
Topics: Cystadenoma, Mucinous; Cystadenoma, Serous; Female; Humans; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Cyst; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Poland; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28522787
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0009.6008 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Apr 2017Low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma (LGCCC) is a rare tumor of the salivary gland that most often arises from the parotid gland. A 51-year-old man developed a small...
Low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma (LGCCC) is a rare tumor of the salivary gland that most often arises from the parotid gland. A 51-year-old man developed a small mass on the right parotid gland 5 years ago. A preoperative magnetic resonance image showed abnormal intensity, an atypical characteristic for such a tumor; therefore, the diagnosis was difficult. Thus, a superficial parotidectomy was performed as a total excisional biopsy to remove the tumor. Histopathological analyses revealed that the tumor was composed of a single cyst comprising cells containing mucosal fluid, with proliferation of large cells. Also, proliferation of the tumor epithelium showed a papillary cribriform pattern of proliferation with a partial ring form, and the tissue inside the tumor was replaced by a hematoma. Mild cellular atypia was observed. Immunostaining for S-100 was positive, and the Ki-67 ratio was <5%. These histopathological findings led to a diagnosis of LGCCC of the parotid gland. At 54 months after surgery, the patient has had no recurrence or facial palsy. LGCCC is a rare neoplasm of the salivary gland and is listed in the current World Health Organization classification (2005) as a variant of cystadenocarcinoma. This case suggests that a thorough preoperative examination can lead to better diagnosis of rare tumors, including LGCCC. Thus, if a plastic surgeon is to correctly diagnose and treat parotid grand tumors, including LGCCC, then a detailed preoperative examination, including imaging, a disease course review, a physical examination, and differential diagnosis, should be considered carefully.
PubMed: 28507867
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001306 -
Journal of Cytology 2017Peritoneal washing is performed for staging of gynecologic tumors to detect subclinical intraperitoneal metastases.
CONTEXT
Peritoneal washing is performed for staging of gynecologic tumors to detect subclinical intraperitoneal metastases.
AIM
The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of SurePath™ liquid-based cytology (LBC) in peritoneal washing in various gynecological malignancies.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
An audit of peritoneal-fluid/washing (January 2012 to July 2013) was performed with corresponding gynecologic specimens. All peritoneal washings were processed using both conventional and LBC technique. Suspicious cases on cytology were reported along with gynecologic specimens.
RESULTS
There were a total of 393 peritoneal fluids. Eighty-three (21.1%) were positive for malignancy, and the corresponding histology was available in 352 (89.6%) cases. Sixty-nine positive samples had ovarian malignancies and 5 had uterine causes. There were 9 cases of peritoneal washings in which no histopathology was available. The most common cause of positive peritoneal cytology was ovarian serous carcinoma in 55/84 (65.5%) cases. Other causes included mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, dysgerminoma, squamous cell carcinoma in teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and granulosa cell tumor. Uterine causes included 2/45 (4.4%) cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, ¼ (25%) cases of clear cell carcinoma, ½ (50%) cases of carcinosarcoma, and ¼ (25%) cervix carcinoma. On review of positive cases ( = 83), 10 cases were identified, which had nil ( = 4) to low cellularity (<3 tumor clusters/smear; = 6) on conventional smears, and were confirmed malignant on LBC.
CONCLUSIONS
The most common ovarian malignancy causing positive peritoneal cytology is papillary serous carcinoma. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma rarely leads to positive peritoneal cytology. LBC technique leads to concentration of tumor cells causing reduction in false negative cases, especially in hemorrhagic and low-cellular cases.
PubMed: 28469317
DOI: 10.4103/JOC.JOC_193_14 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Apr 2017Ovarian epithelial tumor (OET) is a silent disease of late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Currently treatment options are limited and patient response to treatment is...
BACKGROUND
Ovarian epithelial tumor (OET) is a silent disease of late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Currently treatment options are limited and patient response to treatment is difficult to predict so there is a serious need to delineate the real pathogenesis to predict tumour prognosis. Prohibitin (PHB) is an evolutionarily protein that regulates the cell cycle. TGF-β has been shown to be a positive and negative regulator of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The present study provides an overview on the role played by PHB1, TGF-β and LH in ovarian cancer.
METHODS
The study was conducted on 60 patients with ovarian tumors (benign, borderline and malignant) and 20 healthy volunteers. LH and TGF-β serum levels were measured by ELISA. Expression of prohibitin and LHR-mRNA were assessed by IHC and TaqMan® real time gene expression assay, respectively.
RESULTS
Serum levels of LH and TGF-β were significantly decreased among borderline and malignant groups. There was significant over-expression of LHRmRNA in malignant group. Prohibitin expression was significantly increased in malignant ovarian tissue. Strong negative correlations were found between LHR mRNA expression and serum LH levels, and between IHC score of prohibitin and serum levels of LH among patients with borderline ovarian tumors.
CONCLUSION
Steady decline of LH and TGF-B serum levels, from benign cystadenoma to borderline tumor to carcinoma, suggests their inhibitory role against OET cell growth. Increased PHB1 expression in OET suggests its proliferative activity that can be regulated by luteinisation and/or TGF-β. Furthermore increased LHR mRNA tissue expression can provide hope for using LH in treatment of some types of ovarian cancers.
Topics: Adult; Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Cystadenoma, Mucinous; Cystadenoma, Papillary; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Luteinization; Luteinizing Hormone; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Prohibitins; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Neoplasm; Receptors, LH; Repressor Proteins; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 28427435
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0325-4 -
Cancer Research Jun 2017Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) results in the highest mortality among gynecological cancers, developing rapidly and aggressively. Dissimilarly, serous...
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) results in the highest mortality among gynecological cancers, developing rapidly and aggressively. Dissimilarly, serous borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) can progress into low-grade serous carcinomas and have relatively indolent clinical behavior. The underlying biological differences between HGSC and BOT call for accurate diagnostic methodologies and tailored treatment options, and identification of molecular markers of aggressiveness could provide valuable biochemical insights and improve disease management. Here, we used desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) to image and chemically characterize the metabolic profiles of HGSC, BOT, and normal ovarian tissue samples. DESI-MS imaging enabled clear visualization of fine papillary branches in serous BOT and allowed for characterization of spatial features of tumor heterogeneity such as adjacent necrosis and stroma in HGSC. Predictive markers of cancer aggressiveness were identified, including various free fatty acids, metabolites, and complex lipids such as ceramides, glycerophosphoglycerols, cardiolipins, and glycerophosphocholines. Classification models built from a total of 89,826 individual pixels, acquired in positive and negative ion modes from 78 different tissue samples, enabled diagnosis and prediction of HGSC and all tumor samples in comparison with normal tissues, with overall agreements of 96.4% and 96.2%, respectively. HGSC and BOT discrimination was achieved with an overall accuracy of 93.0%. Interestingly, our classification model allowed identification of three BOT samples presenting unusual histologic features that could be associated with the development of low-grade carcinomas. Our results suggest DESI-MS as a powerful approach for rapid serous ovarian cancer diagnosis based on altered metabolic signatures. .
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Ovarian Neoplasms; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
PubMed: 28416487
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3044