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Microorganisms May 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from pre-cancerous cellular lesions in the gut epithelium and mainly originates from specific types of colonic adenomas with dysplasia....
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from pre-cancerous cellular lesions in the gut epithelium and mainly originates from specific types of colonic adenomas with dysplasia. However, gut microbiota signatures among sampling sites in patients with colorectal adenomas with low-grade dysplasia (ALGD) and normal control (NC) remain uncharacterized. To characterize gut microbial and fungal profiles in ALGD and normal colorectal mucosa tissues. We used and gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on the microbiota of ALGD and normal colorectal mucosa from 40 subjects. Bacterial sequences in the ALGD group showed an increase in , and several genera, including , and compared to the NC group. Fungal sequences in the ALGD group showed an increase in , and , while several orders, families, and genera, including , and were decreased. The study found various interactions between intestinal bacteria and fungi. The bacterial functional analysis showed increased glycogen and vanillin degradation pathways in the ALGD group. Meanwhile, the fungal functional analysis showed a decrease in pathways related to the biosynthesis of gondoate and stearate, as well as degradation of glucose, starch, glycogen, sucrose, L-tryptophan, and pantothenate, and an increase in the octane oxidation pathway in the ALGD group. The mucosal microbiota in ALGD exhibits altered fungal and microbial composition compared to the NC mucosa, potentially contributing to the development of intestinal cancer by regulating specific metabolic pathways. Therefore, these changes in microbiota and metabolic pathways may be potential markers for diagnosing and treating colorectal adenoma and carcinoma.
PubMed: 37317301
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051327 -
UCL Open. Environment 2023The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about which cultivable bacterial species are present in indoor air in homes, and whether the concentration and diversity of...
The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about which cultivable bacterial species are present in indoor air in homes, and whether the concentration and diversity of airborne bacteria are associated with different factors. Measurements have been performed for one whole year inside different rooms in five homes and once in 52 homes. Within homes, a room-to-room variation for concentrations of airborne bacteria was found, but an overlap in bacterial species was found across rooms. Eleven species were found very commonly and included: , , , , , and . The concentrations of Gram-negative bacteria in general and the species were significantly associated with the season with the highest concentrations in spring. The concentrations of , and were associated positively with relative humidity (RH), and concentrations of were associated negatively with temperature and air change rate (ACR). concentrations were associated negatively with ACR. Overall, this study identified species which are commonly present in indoor air in homes, and that the concentrations of some species were associated with the factors: season, ACR and RH.
PubMed: 37229345
DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000056 -
Microorganisms Apr 2023is one of the most commonly used microalgae in aquaculture feeds. It contains high concentrations of various kinds of nutritional elements that are involved in the...
is one of the most commonly used microalgae in aquaculture feeds. It contains high concentrations of various kinds of nutritional elements that are involved in the physiological regulation of aquaculture animals. However, few studies have been conducted to illustrate their influence on the gut microbiota in fish. In this work, the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia () (average weight is 6.64 g) was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene after feeding with 0.5% and 2% additives in diets for 15 and 30 days (average water temperature was 26 °C). We found that the impact of on the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia was feeding-time dependent. Only by feeding for 30 days (not 15 days) did the addition of 2% to diets significantly elevate the alpha diversity (Chao1, Faith pd, Shannon, Simpson, and the number of observed species) of the gut microbiota. Similarly, exerted a significant effect on the beta diversity (Bray-Curtis similarity) of the gut microbiota after feeding for 30 days (not 15 days). During the 15-day feeding trial, LEfSe analysis showed that , , , and were enriched under 2% treatment. During the 30-day feeding trial, , , , , , and were more abundant in 2% treated fish. promoted the interaction of gut microbiota in juvenile Nile tilapia by increasing the abundance of . Moreover, during the feeding time of 15 days, the gut microbes interacted more closely than those during the feeding time of 30 days. This work will be valuable for understanding how in diets impacts the gut microbiota in fish.
PubMed: 37110425
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041002 -
ISME Communications Apr 2023Climate change is dramatically increasing the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Mediterranean basin, strongly affecting marine food production...
Climate change is dramatically increasing the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Mediterranean basin, strongly affecting marine food production systems. However, how it will shape the ecology of aquaculture systems, and the cascading effects on productivity, is still a major knowledge gap. The present work aims to increase our understanding of future impacts, caused by raising water temperatures, on the interaction between water and fish microbiotas, and consequential effects upon fish growth. Thus, the bacterial communities present in the water tanks, and mucosal tissues (skin, gills and gut), of greater amberjack farmed in recirculatory aquaculture systems (RAS), at three different temperatures (24, 29 and 33 °C), were characterized in a longitudinal study. The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a teleost species with high potential for EU aquaculture diversification due to its fast growth, excellent flesh quality and global market. We show that higher water temperatures disrupt the greater amberjack's microbiota. Our results demonstrate the causal mediation exerted by this bacterial community shifts on the reduction of fish growth. The abundance of members of the Pseudoalteromonas is positively correlated with fish performance, whereas members of the Psychrobacter, Chryseomicrobium, Paracoccus and Enterovibrio are suggested as biomarkers for dysbiosis, at higher water temperatures. Hence, opening new evidence-based avenues for the development of targeted microbiota-based biotechnological tools, designed to increase the resilience and adaptation to climate change of the Mediterranean aquaculture industry.
PubMed: 37095196
DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00243-7 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements May 2023spp. are Gram-negative, coccoid bacteria, fascinating for their ability to grow in highly diverse environments while producing commercially relevant products. This...
spp. are Gram-negative, coccoid bacteria, fascinating for their ability to grow in highly diverse environments while producing commercially relevant products. This study describes the draft genome sequence of the halotolerant, alkaliphilic, and thermotolerant carotenoid-producing type strain Paracoccus bogoriensis BOG6.
PubMed: 37067441
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00133-23 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The beneficial effects of balneotherapy have been proven by numerous clinical studies on locomotor disorders. To date, there is only scant data on changes in the...
The beneficial effects of balneotherapy have been proven by numerous clinical studies on locomotor disorders. To date, there is only scant data on changes in the microbiome system of the skin during balneotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of thermal water and tap water on the skin's microbiome in healthy volunteers. 30 healthy female volunteers participated in the study. The experimental group (of 15 women) spent 30-min 10 times, in Gabriella Spring's thermal baths (i.e., mineral water containing sodium hydrogen carbonate).The controlled group (15 women) had the same, but in tap water. The results of this study have proven that there is a difference in the influencing effects of tap water and medicinal water on the microbiome of the skin. After bathing in the thermal water of Lakitelek, increased significantly at the genus level, and the tendency for bacteria also increased. At the species level, increased significantly, while and the tendency for decreased. When the values of the two trial groups after bathing at the genus level were compared, increased significantly, while tended to increase, tended to decrease, tended to increase significantly, and tended to decrease. At the species level, decreased significantly, and the tendency for decreased. The growth of and the decrease in the tendency of , and confirm the beneficial effect of balneotherapy. In this study, trends are represented by the uncorrected value. The main result was that the thermal water changed certain bacteria of the skin, both on the genus and species levels, but there were no significant changes in the tap water used, either at the genus or species level. We first compared the worlds of thermal water and tap water's microbiome systems. The thermal water decreased the number of certain inflammatory infectious agents and could enhance some of their positive effects, which have been proven at the molecular level. Our results can provide an important clue in the treatment of certain skin diseases. The research of the skin microbiome during balneotherapy can be one of the most intriguing and exciting topics of the future and can bring us closer to understanding the mechanism of action of balneotherapy.
PubMed: 36983902
DOI: 10.3390/life13030746 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2023Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4-dione) is a ketocarotenoid synthesized by , , , , , , some bacteria (), yeasts, and lobsters, among others However, it is... (Review)
Review
Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4-dione) is a ketocarotenoid synthesized by , , , , , , some bacteria (), yeasts, and lobsters, among others However, it is majorly synthesized by alone (about 4%). The richness of natural astaxanthin over synthetic astaxanthin has drawn the attention of industrialists to cultivate and extract it via two stage cultivation process. However, the cultivation in photobioreactors is expensive, and converting it in soluble form so that it can be easily assimilated by our digestive system requires downstream processing techniques which are not cost-effective. This has made the cost of astaxanthin expensive, prompting pharmaceutical and nutraceutical companies to switch over to synthetic astaxanthin. This review discusses the chemical character of astaxanthin, more inexpensive cultivating techniques, and its bioavailability. Additionally, the antioxidant character of this microalgal product against many diseases is discussed, which can make this natural compound an excellent drug to minimize inflammation and its consequences.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biological Availability; Xanthophylls; Carotenoids; Chlorophyceae
PubMed: 36976225
DOI: 10.3390/md21030176 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2023One of the major challenges for the bioremediation application of microbial nitrous oxide (NO) reduction is its oxygen sensitivity. While a few strains were reported...
One of the major challenges for the bioremediation application of microbial nitrous oxide (NO) reduction is its oxygen sensitivity. While a few strains were reported capable of reducing NO under aerobic conditions, the NO reduction kinetics of phylogenetically diverse NO reducers are not well understood. Here, we analyzed and compared the kinetics of clade I and clade II NO-reducing bacteria in the presence or absence of oxygen (O) by using a whole-cell assay with NO and O microsensors. Among the seven strains tested, NO reduction of Stutzerimonas stutzeri TR2 and ZoBell was not inhibited by oxygen (i.e., oxygen tolerant). Paracoccus denitrificans, Azospirillum brasilense, and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca reduced NO in the presence of O but slower than in the absence of O (i.e., oxygen sensitive). NO reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Dechloromonas aromatica did not occur when O was present (i.e., oxygen intolerant). Amino acid sequences and predicted structures of NosZ were highly similar among these strains, whereas oxygen-tolerant NO reducers had higher oxygen consumption rates. The results suggest that the mechanism of O tolerance is not directly related to NosZ structure but is rather related to the scavenging of O in the cells and/or accessory proteins encoded by the cluster. Some bacteria can reduce NO in the presence of O, whereas others cannot. It is unclear whether this trait of aerobic NO reduction is related to the phylogeny and structure of NO reductase. The understanding of aerobic NO reduction is critical for guiding emission control, due to the common concurrence of NO and O in natural and engineered systems. This study provided the NO reduction kinetics of various bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and classified the bacteria into oxygen-tolerant, -sensitive, and -intolerant NO reducers. Oxygen-tolerant NO reducers rapidly consumed O, which could help maintain the low O concentration in the cells and keep their NO reductase active. These findings are important and useful when selecting NO reducers for bioremediation applications.
PubMed: 36926990
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04709-22 -
Journal of Bacteriology Apr 2023The periplasmic (NAP) and membrane-associated (Nar) nitrate reductases of Paracoccus denitrificans are responsible for nitrate reduction under aerobic and anaerobic...
The periplasmic (NAP) and membrane-associated (Nar) nitrate reductases of Paracoccus denitrificans are responsible for nitrate reduction under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Expression of NAP is elevated in cells grown on a relatively reduced carbon and energy source (such as butyrate); it is believed that NAP contributes to redox homeostasis by coupling nitrate reduction to the disposal of excess reducing equivalents. Here, we show that deletion of either (one of two homologs in the P. denitrificans genome) or / (encoding a bifunctional ppGpp synthetase and hydrolase) eliminates the butyrate-dependent increase in promoter and NAP enzyme activity. We conclude that ppGpp likely signals growth on a reduced substrate and, together with DksA1, mediates increased expression of the genes encoding NAP. Support for this model comes from the observation that promoter activity is increased in cultures exposed to a protein synthesis inhibitor that is known to trigger ppGpp synthesis in other organisms. We also show that, under anaerobic growth conditions, the redox-sensing RegAB two-component pair acts as a negative regulator of NAP expression and as a positive regulator of expression of the membrane-associated nitrate reductase Nar. The and / genes are conditionally synthetically lethal; the double mutant has a null phenotype for growth on butyrate and other reduced substrates while growing normally on succinate and citrate. We also show that the second homolog () and / have roles in regulation of expression of the flavohemoglobin Hmp and in biofilm formation. Paracoccus denitrificans is a metabolically versatile Gram-negative bacterium that is used as a model for studies of respiratory metabolism. The organism can utilize nitrate as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration, reducing it to dinitrogen via nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. This pathway (known as denitrification) is important as a route for loss of fixed nitrogen from soil and as a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Thus, it is important to understand those environmental and genetic factors that govern flux through the denitrification pathway. Here, we identify four proteins and a small molecule (ppGpp) which function as previously unknown regulators of expression of enzymes that reduce nitrate and oxidize nitric oxide.
Topics: Nitrates; Paracoccus denitrificans; Guanosine Tetraphosphate; Nitrous Oxide; Nitric Oxide; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrate Reductases; Respiration; Butyrates
PubMed: 36920204
DOI: 10.1128/jb.00027-23 -
Cancers Feb 2023Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm with the highest worldwide incidence in men aged 50 years and older. Emerging evidence suggests that the...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm with the highest worldwide incidence in men aged 50 years and older. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbial dysbiosis may promote chronic inflammation linked to the development of PCa. Therefore, this study aims to compare the microbiota composition and diversity in urine, glans swabs, and prostate biopsies between men with PCa and non-PCa men. Microbial communities profiling was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that α-diversity (number and abundance of genera) was lower in prostate and glans, and higher in urine from patients with PCa, compared to non-PCa patients. The different genera of the bacterial community found in urine was significantly different in PCa patients compared to non-PCa patients, but they did not differ in glans and prostate. Moreover, comparing the bacterial communities present in the three different samples, urine and glans show a similar genus composition. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed significantly higher levels of the genera , , , , , , and in urine of PCa patients, whereas /, , and were more abundant in the non-PCa patients. In glans, the genus was enriched in PCa subjects, while was more abundant in non-PCa subjects. In prostate, , , , and were the overrepresented genera in the PCa group, while , , sp., and were overrepresented in the non-PCa group. These findings provide a strong background for the development of potential biomarkers with clinical interest.
PubMed: 36900215
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051423