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Parasitology Nov 2022The complete circular mitogenome of (Platyhelminthes: Paragonimidae) from Japan, obtained by PacBio long-read sequencing, was 17 591 bp and contained 12 protein-coding...
The complete circular mitogenome of (Platyhelminthes: Paragonimidae) from Japan, obtained by PacBio long-read sequencing, was 17 591 bp and contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 mitoribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes. The 8 gene was absent, and there was a 40 bp overlap between 4L and 4. The long non-coding region (4.3 kb) included distinct types of long and short repeat units. The pattern of base usage for PCGs and the mtDNA coding region overall in Asian and American species (, , and ) and the Indian form of was > > > . On the other hand, East-Asian used > > > . Five Asian and American species and had TTT/Phe, TTG/Leu and GTT/Val as the most frequently used codons, whereas the least-used codons were different in each species and between regional forms of . The phylogenetic tree reconstructed from a concatenated alignment of amino acids of 12 PCGs from 36 strains/26 species/5 families of trematodes confirmed that the Paragonimidae is monophyletic, with 100% nodal support. was resolved as a sister to The clade was clearly separate from remaining congeners. The latter clade was comprised of 2 subclades, one of the East-Asian and the other of the Indian Type 1 samples. Additional mitogenomes in the Paragonimidae are needed for genomic characterization and are useful for diagnostics, identification and genetic/ phylogenetic/ epidemiological/ evolutionary studies of the Paragonimidae.
Topics: Animals; Paragonimus; Genome, Mitochondrial; Phylogeny; Trematoda; Lung
PubMed: 36101009
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022001184 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Sep 2022Flukes from the genus Braun, 1899 are medically important foodborne trematodes predominantly occurring throughout Asian countries. Providing molecular genetic...
Flukes from the genus Braun, 1899 are medically important foodborne trematodes predominantly occurring throughout Asian countries. Providing molecular genetic characteristics based on ITS2 and partial 28 S rDNA of the paragonimids from the Russian Far East, Northeast, South, and Southeast Asian countries, we performed a partial reappraisal of species complex. Members of this complex are genetically distinct worms with different divergence times and explosive expansion during Miocene-Pliocene epochs. We confirm the taxonomic status as valid species for stat. n. (from the Russian Far East and Northern China), and (from the Philippines), which were previously considered subspecies of , and reinstated the species name (from Japan). We suggest considering the worms from South Korea the Korean variety of , because Korean specimens are sister and genetically closest to from Northeast China and Primorsky region of Russia. Worms from South (India (type 2), Sri Lanka), Southeast (Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand (types 1 and 2)) and East Asia (Taiwan) were left in the paragonimid systematics as sp. We propose to consider Indian worms of type 1 as true , but in further revisions, due to the lack of holotype and unknown exact type locality, new type specimens (neotype) should be established.
PubMed: 36091260
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01481-7 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jun 2022The most common site of paragonimiasis is in the lungs. The migratory route passes through the duodenal wall, peritoneum, and diaphragm to the lungs; thus, the thoracic...
BACKGROUND
The most common site of paragonimiasis is in the lungs. The migratory route passes through the duodenal wall, peritoneum, and diaphragm to the lungs; thus, the thoracic cavity and central nervous system, as well as the liver, intestine, and abdominal cavity may be involved. Here, we present a case of intraperitoneal paragonimiasis without other organ involvement, mimicking tuberculous peritonitis.
CASE SUMMARY
A 57-year-old man presented with recurrent abdominal pain for 4 wk. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Laboratory findings showed complete blood counts within the normal range without eosinophilia. Multiple reactive lymph nodes and diffuse peritoneal infiltration were noted on abdominal computed tomography (CT). There were no abnormalities on chest CT or colonoscopy. Intraoperative findings of diagnostic laparoscopy for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis included multiple small whitish nodules and an abscess in the peritoneum. Pathological reports confirmed the presence of numerous eggs of (). A postoperative serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed positivity. Persistent and repetitive history-taking led him to retrospectively recall the consumption of freshwater crab. After 3 d of treatment with praziquantel (1800 mg; 25 mg/kg), he recovered from all symptoms.
CONCLUSION
In patients who require diagnostic laparoscopy for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis, repetitive history-taking and preoperative serologic antibody tests against may be helpful in diagnosing intraperitoneal paragonimiasis without other organ involvement.
PubMed: 35812672
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i16.5359 -
Neuropathology : Official Journal of... Aug 2022Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragonimus westermani infection, and migration to the brain results in cerebral paragonimiasis. Cerebral paragonimiasis...
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragonimus westermani infection, and migration to the brain results in cerebral paragonimiasis. Cerebral paragonimiasis is now extremely rare, but a few cases are still reported. A 48-year-old Japanese woman presented with right-hand convulsion, right-hand numbness, sputum, and fatigue. Chest computed tomography demonstrated multiple nodular lesions, and head computed tomography revealed a hemorrhagic lesion in the left motor cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple small ring-shaped lesions with surrounding edema. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia. We considered eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and started steroid treatment as a diagnostic therapy since we wanted to avoid cerebral lesion biopsy if possible. However, the patient underwent craniotomy surgery after steroid treatment for four months because a new intracerebral mass lesion had appeared. Trematode eggs were detected in the sample, and the final diagnosis was cerebral paragonimiasis. The patient was successfully treated with praziquantel. Cerebral paragonimiasis is extremely rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis if atypical intracranial hemorrhage and peripheral eosinophilia are observed.
Topics: Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Paragonimiasis; Steroids
PubMed: 35723635
DOI: 10.1111/neup.12841 -
Parasitology Sep 2022Foodborne trematodes (FBT) of public health significance include liver flukes ( and ), lung flukes ( and several other spp.) and intestinal flukes, which include... (Review)
Review
Foodborne trematodes (FBT) of public health significance include liver flukes ( and ), lung flukes ( and several other spp.) and intestinal flukes, which include heterophyids ( and ), echinostomes ( and ) and miscellaneous species, including and . These trematode infections are distributed worldwide but occur most commonly in Asia. The global burden of FBT diseases has been estimated at about 80 million, however, this seems to be a considerable underestimate. Their life cycle involves a molluscan first intermediate host, and a second intermediate host, including freshwater fish, crustaceans, aquatic vegetables and freshwater or brackish water gastropods and bivalves. The mode of human infection is the consumption of the second intermediate host under raw or improperly cooked conditions. The major pathogenesis of and spp. infection includes inflammation of the bile duct which leads to cholangitis and cholecystitis, and in a substantial number of patients, serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma, may develop. In lung fluke infections, cough, bloody sputum and bronchiectasis are the most common clinical manifestations. However, lung flukes often migrate to extrapulmonary sites, including the brain, spinal cord, skin, subcutaneous tissues and abdominal organs. Intestinal flukes can induce inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, and they may at times undergo extraintestinal migration, in particular, in immunocompromised patients. In order to control FBT infections, eating foods after proper cooking is strongly recommended.
Topics: Animals; Echinostoma; Fascioliasis; Heterophyidae; Humans; Inflammation; Trematoda; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 35591777
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022000725 -
Radiology Case Reports May 2022More than 40 different species of the parasitic flatworm have been identified worldwide, including in Vietnam, but only 10 species are known to cause disease in humans,...
More than 40 different species of the parasitic flatworm have been identified worldwide, including in Vietnam, but only 10 species are known to cause disease in humans, particularly are transmitted through the ingestion of raw foods, especially freshwater shrimp, and crab. Paragonimiasis causes pneumonia, which can present as acute or chronic, with symptoms including prolonged cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. Hematologic changes include eosinophilia and the presence of specific antibodies for in the blood. Diagnosis is confirmed when specimens or eggs are found in the sputum or pleural fluid. The specificity of imaging is not high, but imaging can be used to guide the diagnosis. After the failure of microbiological diagnostic methods, lung biopsy can be used to confirm a diagnosis of paragonimiasis. We present a paragonimiasis case associated with unique features, including epidemiologic factors, atypical clinical signs, no increases in blood eosinophils, and negative microbiological tests. Although the patient was suspected of tuberculosis or lung cancer, imaging studies were consistent with the presence of lung flukes. Three transthoracic lung biopsies were performed, and pathology revealed a cystic structure containing on the third biopsy.
PubMed: 35309377
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.02.046 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Mar 2022Cerebral paragonimiasis (CP), caused by aberrant migration of Paragonimus worms, frequently invokes serious illness. The causal relationship between the lesion...
Cerebral paragonimiasis (CP), caused by aberrant migration of Paragonimus worms, frequently invokes serious illness. The causal relationship between the lesion characteristics and patients' symptoms has poorly been understood. CP serodiagnosis has not been properly evaluated to date. A total of 111 CP cases were diagnosed in our laboratory between 1982 and 2003. This study retrospectively assessed the clinical and imaging characteristics of the 105 patients along with the evaluation of diagnostic potentials of recombinant P. westermani yolk ferritin (rPwYF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing patients' sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs). We analyzed 60 male and 45 female patients; 50 early-stage patients with non-calcified enhancing nodule(s) (median age, 38 years; interquartile range [IQR], 24.75-52; median symptom duration, 0.75 years; IQR, 0.2-2) and 54 chronic cases having calcified lesion(s) (median age, 33 years; IQR, 25-41; median symptom duration, 10 years; IQR, 5-20). One patient showed a normal neuroimage. The patients were largely diagnosed in their 30s. The parietal lobe was most commonly affected, followed by occipital, frontal, and temporal lobes. Twenty-six patients had lesions encompassing ≥ two lobes. The patients complained mainly of seizures, headaches, hemiparesis, and focal neurologic deficits (P < 0.001). Seizures and visual defects were predominant in patients with calcified lesion(s) (P < 0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of rPwYF against serum/CSF were 100%/97% and 97.2%/92.5%, respectively. The specific IgG antibody levels against rPwYF in sera and CSFs showed a positive correlation (r = 0.59). The clinical manifestations of the early-stage patients might be associated with cortical lesions or meningeal irritation, while those in the chronic stage were caused by conglomerated space-occupying lesions. rPwYF would be useful for the serodiagnosis of both early and chronic CP cases.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Retrospective Studies; Seizures; Serologic Tests
PubMed: 35294433
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010240 -
IDCases 2022In 1936, Löeffler first recognized the association between a distinctive form of severe heart failure and marked eosinophilia. Most cases are caused by either parasitic...
In 1936, Löeffler first recognized the association between a distinctive form of severe heart failure and marked eosinophilia. Most cases are caused by either parasitic infections or drugs; however, no cause has been identified in one-third of the patients [1]. This report presents a rare case of Löeffler's syndrome caused by the parasite Paragonimus westermani.
PubMed: 35127453
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01427 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2022Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study investigated Paragonimus spp. in 39 raccoon dogs and 54 Japanese badgers from March 2019 to January 2021 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and examined metacercariae in freshwater crabs. Triploid P. westermani was found in one raccoon dog (2.6%), and metacercariae were recovered from Eriocheir japonica captured near the infected animal collected. One Japanese badger (1.9%) harbored P. skrjabini miyazakii; this prevalence was lower than the approximately 30% that was reported in the 1970s. Results indicated that zoonotic Paragonimus was sporadically prevalent in wild animals. Further investigation in various animals is awaited to elucidate current wildlife reservoirs for those Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Japan; Mustelidae; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Raccoon Dogs
PubMed: 35110459
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0573 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Great progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of human parasitic diseases in China over the past six decades, but parasitic diseases are still one of the...
Great progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of human parasitic diseases in China over the past six decades, but parasitic diseases are still one of the most serious public health problems in the world. The specific prevalence of parasitic diseases varies in different provinces due to their geographical environment and the dietary habits of people. In this study, a total of 4,428 patients suspected to have parasitic infection by clinicians or themselves from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020 were recommended to our laboratory for further testing. In total, 5,246 samples including fecal, blood, and other body fluids were detected by etiological and immunological methods. Approximately 15.20% (673/4,428) of all suspected patients were infected by at least one species of parasite, and the overall positive rate of suspected patients from Hunan Province was 15.10% (594/3,933). A total of 18 species of parasites, namely, nematodes (4 species), trematodes (5 species), cestodes (4 species), protozoa (2 species), and medical arthropods (3 species), and 3 of them were imported parasites outside of Hunan Province. There are 9 species of foodborne parasites, accounting for 89.92% (464/516) of patients infected by one species of parasite. Common parasites in Hunan Province include plerocercoid, , , cysticercus, , and . In this study, we found that the incidence of soilborne nematode infections has decreased significantly. However, foodborne parasites gradually become the main parasitic infections as well as multiple infections are becoming more common. Therefore, we should not only continue the prevention and control of soil-derived nematodes but also focus on the prevention and control of foodborne parasites in the future.
Topics: Animals; China; Humans; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Prevalence; Soil
PubMed: 34722349
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.774980