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International Journal of Surgery Case... Apr 2023Nevus comedonicus (NC) is a rare cutaneous disorder thought to be caused by hamartomatous pilosebaceous tissue proliferation that was first described in 1895. Clinically...
INTRODUCTION
Nevus comedonicus (NC) is a rare cutaneous disorder thought to be caused by hamartomatous pilosebaceous tissue proliferation that was first described in 1895. Clinically NC appears as a group of elevated follicular openings often linearly arrayed, giving the appearance of comedones. NC usually manifests at birth but can also present later during adolescence and rarely in adulthood.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 21-year-old medically healthy single male presented with right-sided chest black papules in comedo distribution with areas of superficial ulcerations and suppurations in periareolar distribution since the age of 16. Histopathological examination showed dilated follicular ostia filled with keratin plug, devoid of the hair shaft, and lined by stratified squamous epithelium with compact hyperkeratosis, focal parakeratosis, and patchy atrophy and acanthosis.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Nevus comedonicus often responds effectively to conservative treatment, however some cases need surgery intervention. The patient failed conservative medical and topical treatment, and he was treated by surgical-wide local excision and primary closure of the affected skin with free nipple grafting.
CONCLUSION
Nevus comedonicus (NC) is a rare cutaneous pathology secondary to pilosebaceous apparatus developmental defect that usually manifests at birth and can affect any area of skin; they typically manifest as black papules in comedo distribution. They can present as an isolated cutaneous pathology or as a component of nevus comedonicus syndrome. Different therapeutic approaches were described, including topical retinoids, keratolytic agents, oral retinoids, antibiotic therapy, manual extraction of comedos, dermabrasion, and surgical resection of the lesion.
PubMed: 37001367
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108021 -
Cureus Jan 2023A man in his late 70s with a history of psoriasis and non-melanoma skin cancer presented with a progressive rash on his right thenar eminence. He first noticed it about...
A man in his late 70s with a history of psoriasis and non-melanoma skin cancer presented with a progressive rash on his right thenar eminence. He first noticed it about one year ago. He denied any pruritus in the affected region but did note some overlying skin breakdown. He had used topical betamethasone and calcipotriene cream in the past with minimal improvement. Physical examination revealed a pink atrophic plaque with linear hyperkeratotic borders and central fissuring on the right thenar eminence extending into the first webspace. A shave biopsy revealed hypokeratosis with a rim of surrounding hyperkeratosis and associated parakeratosis, basal keratinocyte atypia, and lichenoid inflammation. These histopathological features were consistent with circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis and central actinic keratosis. Circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis is often considered a benign entity, but there have been reports suggesting an association with premalignancy. The decision was made to treat with 5-fluorouracil and calcipotriene cream twice daily for six weeks. At his two-month follow-up, he endorsed a robust reaction, which was further suggestive of premalignant change. He had a near-complete resolution of the rash. This case features circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis and suggests a novel treatment option for patients who develop concomitant actinic keratosis.
PubMed: 36874763
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34401 -
Open Veterinary Journal Jan 2023Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms.
BACKGROUND
Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms.
AIM
This study attempts to confirm clinically suspected BP in cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and genotyping analysis of local isolates.
METHODS
According to morphological appearance and lesion features, a cross sectional study of 54 clinically diagnosed BP cattle was assigned to this current investigation from May to August (2021) in Al-Kut district (Wasit Province, Iraq) private veterinary clinics using purposive sampling technique based on set criteria. The cattle were diagnosed clinically, and the tissues were collected and some fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and other stored frozen and examined by histopathological technique, IHC, and PCR assays.
RESULTS
Using PCR assay, all cattle were positive for the BPV gene. According to detect the gene, analysis of the phylogenetic tree showed that local BPV cattle isolates were closely related to the NCBI-BLAST BPV type-1 and type-2 of the Polish equine isolate (KF284133.1) and BPV Brazilian isolate (MH187961.1), respectively. Histological detection showed there were acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal thickening, severe infiltration of mononuclear cells, massive hemorrhage, dermal fibroplasias, multifocal spongiosis, moderate neovascularization, moderate to severe elongation of the retention ridge towards the dermis, parakeratosis, rings of calcification, and necrosis with nuclear pyknosis of some spinosum cells. Immunohistochemical findings of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor and Fascin showed a significant variation in values of immunoreaction in the dermis and epidermis. These results ranged from negative (0) to mild positive (+1) to moderate positive (+2) reactions.
CONCLUSION
The study provided essential molecular and genotyping data to improve our knowledge by emphasizing the crucial of IHC as an elegant diagnostic method to detect cellular alterations.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Genotype; Papilloma; Papillomavirus Infections; Phylogeny
PubMed: 36777440
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.4 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2023Skin homeostasis is a complex regulated process relying on the crosstalk of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells. Imbalances of T-cell subsets and the cytokine...
Skin homeostasis is a complex regulated process relying on the crosstalk of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells. Imbalances of T-cell subsets and the cytokine environment can lead to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis (Ps) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Modern tissue engineering provides several in vitro models mimicking Ps and AD phenotypes. However, these models are either limited in their pathological features, life span, sample availability, reproducibility, controlled handling or simplicity. Some models further lack intensive characterization as they solely focus on differentiation and proliferation aspects. This study introduces a self-assembly model in which the pathological T-cell-signalling of Ps and AD was simulated by subcutaneous Th1 and Th2 cytokine stimulation. The self-established dermal fibroblast-derived matrices of these models were hypothesized to be beneficial for proximal cytokine signalling on epidermal keratinocytes. Comprehensive histological and mRNA analyses of the diseased skin models showed a weakened barrier, distinct differentiation defects, reduced cellular adhesion, inflammation and parakeratosis formation. A keratin shift of declining physiological cytokeratin-10 (CK10) towards increasing inflammatory CK16 was observed upon Th1 or Th2 stimulation. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were upregulated in Ps and downregulated in AD models. The AD biomarker genes CA2, NELL2 and CCL26 were further induced in AD. While Ps samples featured basal hyperproliferation, cells in AD models displayed apoptotic signs. In accordance, these well-controllable three-dimensional in vitro models exhibited Ps and AD-like phenotypes with a high potential for disease research and therapeutic drug testing.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Reproducibility of Results; Psoriasis; Fibroblasts; Phenotype
PubMed: 36720910
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28822-7 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Mar 2023Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis and parakeratosis, significantly impacts quality of...
Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis and parakeratosis, significantly impacts quality of life. Interleukin (IL)- 17A dominates the pathogenesis of psoriasis and facilitates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which exacerbates local psoriatic lesions. Biologic treatment provides remarkable clinical efficacy, but its high cost and unignorable side effects limit its applications. 3 H-1,2-Dithiole-3-thione (D3T) possesses compelling antioxidative capacities against several diseases through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cascade. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanism of D3T in psoriasis. We found that D3T attenuates skin thickening and scaling by inhibiting IL-17A-secreting γδT cells in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mice. Interleukin-17A markedly enhanced IL-6 and IL-8 expression, lipid peroxidation, the contents of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, oxidative phosphorylation and the MAPK/NF-κB pathways in keratinocytes. IL-17A also inhibited the Nrf2-NQO1-HO-1 axis and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. D3T significantly reversed these parameters in IL-17A-treated keratinocytes. ML-385, a Nrf2 neutralizer, failed to improve D3T-induced anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in IL-17A-treated keratinocytes. We conclude that targeting Nrf2 with D3T to diminish oxidative and inflammatory damage in keratinocytes may attenuate psoriasis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Interleukin-17; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Quality of Life; Oxidative Stress; Psoriasis; Keratinocytes; Antioxidants
PubMed: 36706632
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114294 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2022Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic granulomatous dermatitis (CGD). Approximately, 90% of CL patients are from seven countries including Iran. We explain PCR)...
BACKGROUND
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic granulomatous dermatitis (CGD). Approximately, 90% of CL patients are from seven countries including Iran. We explain PCR) diagnostic technique for chronic granulomatosis dermatoses including CL in Mashhad, Iran.
METHODS
This study enrolled 64 patients within 2009-2013 with chronic granulomatosis dermatitis referred to dermatology and pathology departments of Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. We gathered demographic data from archived folders. Histological light microscopic evaluation and parasitological tests were done on selected specimens. We used PCR diagnostic test on specimens. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 15.
RESULTS
Generally, 7 out of 64 specimens had DNA and other samples had no DNA. The mean age of patients was 46 ± 18.77 years; disease duration was 7 ± 6.73 months ranging from 1-24 months. Most of the lesions were located on face and upper limb. Totally, 5 out of 7 samples were and 2 out of 7 samples were . Tuberculoid granuloma was present in samples and 3 of samples. Other light microscopic changes were as follow: 42 suppurative granuloma, and epidermal changes including atrophy, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, and parakeratosis with dermal changes including, plasma cell, involvement of papillary and reticular dermis, and distribution of granuloma to hypodermis.
CONCLUSION
Our results addressed PCR-based diagnosis of chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is resulted from and .
PubMed: 36694566
DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i4.11285 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Interdigital hyperplasia (IH) is a fold of fibrous tissue protruding into the interdigital space that rarely occurs in sheep. Interdigital hyperplasia secondary infected...
Interdigital hyperplasia (IH) is a fold of fibrous tissue protruding into the interdigital space that rarely occurs in sheep. Interdigital hyperplasia secondary infected with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) treponemes has been reported in cattle in the course of the increasing spread of classical BDD lesions. In this report, we describe proliferative/ulcerative interdigital lesions associated with contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) treponemes and clinically scored as (IH+CODD), occurring in both hind limbs of a ram and the left hindlimb of a ewe. Both cases exhibited epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratosis and focal-extensive areas of epidermal necrosis with numerous infiltrating neutrophils. PCR and fluorescence hybridization (FISH) were positive for phylotype 1 (PT1). In addition, and were detected in the biopsy by PCR. In three slaughter sheep, without claw lesions, which were kept together with both affected sheep, spp. were detected neither with PCR nor FISH; the PCRs for and were also negative. Complete clinical healing occurred in the ewe within 6 weeks after three local applications of a chlortetracycline spray in 2 weeks intervals. This report is the first description of IH+CODD in sheep as demonstrated by a combination of histopathological and molecular analyses.
PubMed: 36686194
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1028880 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2023Psoriasis is a common chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterised by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, parakeratosis, and T-cell infiltration. Adipose tissue has an...
Psoriasis is a common chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterised by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, parakeratosis, and T-cell infiltration. Adipose tissue has an endocrine function, producing an abundance of cytokines and adipokines. It has also been described that the major adipokines, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin, may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The aim of the study was to examine the plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in patients with psoriasis and their correlations with disease activity parameters: Psoriasis Activity Severity Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Body Surface Area (BSA) index, as well as selected clinical parameters. The study included 53 patients with the plaque type and 31 healthy controls. The plasma concentrations of adiponectin were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis (p < 0.001) than in the control group. The plasma concentrations of leptin were higher in patients with psoriasis, however, due to high intra-patient variability of leptin plasma concentrations these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.2). The plasma concentrations of resistin were significantly increased in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls (p = 0.02). There were no statistically significant correlations between adiponectin and leptin plasma concentrations and values of PASI, DLQI, and BSA. The resistin plasma concentrations correlated significantly with DLQI values. Additionally, we examined the correlations between adiponectin, leptin, and resistin plasma concentrations, and selected clinical parameters. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin correlated significantly with CRP values and ALT values. Leptin plasma concentrations correlated significantly with creatinine values. The results of our study confirm the role of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
PubMed: 36675592
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020663 -
Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Mar 2023infection can experimentally ameliorate many autoimmune diseases. However, the immune mechanism of the amelioration and the identification of corresponding -derived...
infection can experimentally ameliorate many autoimmune diseases. However, the immune mechanism of the amelioration and the identification of corresponding -derived molecule(s) are still not fully elucidated. Fifty-three kDa excretory-secretory (ES) protein from (Tpp53) is a molecule like TsP53 reported as a protein exerting immune-inhibitory effect in . In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Tpp53 using imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model, which is a mouse model of autoimmune disease with the pathogenic interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing CD4 T cells (Th17) via IL-23/IL17 axis. Administrating the recombinant Tpp53 (rTpp53) mixed with IMQ cream on the skin of mice ameliorated psoriatic lesions, as revealed by the improvement of erythema, scaling, skin thickening, epidermis hyperplasia and parakeratosis, thickening of acanthosis cell layer, epidermal extension of dermis, less infiltration of inflammatory cells, and decreased expression of inflammatory marker. The increased expression of the factors related to the IL-23/IL-17 axis, including IL-17A, IL-6, Il17F and Il23a, in the skins of IMQ-treated mice was inhibited by rTpp53 treatment. Moreover, the expression of activated keratinocyte-produced cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides in the skin was also down-regulated in rTpp53-treated IMQ-treated mice. Co-culture of splenocytes with rTpp53 inhibited IL-17A and treatment of macrophages with rTpp53 reduced IL-6 production. Overall, our study revealed that the -secreted 53 kDa ES protein could ameliorate IMQ-induced psoriasis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis, suggesting that Tpp53 might involve in regulating host Th17 for immune evasion and have an alternative potential for psoriasis therapy.
PubMed: 36620087
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101415 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Palmoplantar psoriasis (PP) is a relatively uncommon variant of psoriasis that affects palms and soles, and that frequently shares both clinical and histologic features...
Palmoplantar psoriasis (PP) is a relatively uncommon variant of psoriasis that affects palms and soles, and that frequently shares both clinical and histologic features with chronic eczema, hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. The present study aims to characterize the histologic features of PP on a series of 21 cases. The following morphological features and their distribution were included: parakeratosis, dilated vessels in papillary dermis, psoriasiform acanthosis with elongation of rete ridges, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, decrease/loss of granular layer, Munro's microabscesses, spongiform pustules of Kogoj, spongiosis and lymphocytic exocytosis. The main diagnostic clues and histologic differential diagnoses are also discussed.
PubMed: 36553078
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123071