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Poultry Science Jun 2024Migratory wild birds can carry various pathogens, such as influenza A virus, which can spread to globally and cause disease outbreaks and epidemics. Continuous...
Migratory wild birds can carry various pathogens, such as influenza A virus, which can spread to globally and cause disease outbreaks and epidemics. Continuous epidemiological surveillance of migratory wild birds is of great significance for the early warning, prevention, and control of epidemics. To investigate the pathogen infection status of migratory wild birds in eastern China, fecal samples were collected from wetlands to conduct pathogen surveillance. The results showed that duck orthoreovirus (DRV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) nucleic acid were detected positive in the fecal samples collected from wild ducks, egrets, and swan. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified viral genes reveals that the isolates were closely related to the prevalent strains in the regions involved in East Asian-Australasian (EAA) migratory flyway. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified viral genes confirmed that they were closely related to circulating strains in the regions involved in the EAA migration pathway. The findings of this study have expanded the host range of the orthoreovirus and parvovirus, and revealed possible virus transmission between wild migratory birds and poultry.
PubMed: 38909506
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103940 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Jun 2024From April 2023 to May 2024, an unusual epidemic of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections occurred in France. The number of B19V IgM-positive serologies was four times higher...
From April 2023 to May 2024, an unusual epidemic of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections occurred in France. The number of B19V IgM-positive serologies was four times higher than in the previous epidemic in 2019. Clinical data from emergency networks corroborated this observation. Morbidity and mortality consequences were observed in children through all data sources. In adults, the increase was only observed in laboratory-confirmed data. Physicians and decisionmakers should be informed in order to better prevent, diagnose and manage at-risk patients.
Topics: Humans; France; Parvovirus B19, Human; Disease Outbreaks; Adult; Female; Male; Child; Parvoviridae Infections; Immunoglobulin M; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Middle Aged; Antibodies, Viral; Erythema Infectiosum; Young Adult; Infant; Aged
PubMed: 38904112
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.25.2400339 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Jun 2024Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) can cause Theiler's disease and subclinical hepatitis in horses.
BACKGROUND
Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) can cause Theiler's disease and subclinical hepatitis in horses.
OBJECTIVES
Assess the frequency of subclinical EqPV-H infection in hospitalized horses and to study viral transmission by investigating potential shedding routes.
ANIMALS
One hundred sixteen equids, that presented to the University Equine Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna between February 2021 and March 2022, for causes other than hepatopathy.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, samples (serum, feces, nasal, and buccal swabs) of hospitalized horses were collected. Sera were screened for the presence of anti-EqPV-H antibodies by a luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay. Quantitative PCR was used for the detection of EqPV-H DNA in the samples and a nested PCR was used for further validation.
RESULTS
Seroprevalence was 10.3% (12/116) and viremia occurred in 12.9% (15/116) of the serologically positive horses. The detected viral load in serum varied from non-quantifiable amount to 1.3 × 10 genome equivalents per milliliter of serum. A low viral load of EqPV-H DNA was detected in 2 nasal swabs and 1 fecal sample.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
EqPV-H DNA was detected in nasal secretions and feces of viremic horses, which could pose a risk to naive hospitalized horses. It is advisable to screen hospitalized horses that are potential donors of blood or plasma to reduce the risk of iatrogenic EqPV-H transmission.
PubMed: 38899610
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17129 -
Research Square Jun 2024Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen that is the causative agent of several diseases in infants and adults. Due to a lack of antivirals against this virus,...
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen that is the causative agent of several diseases in infants and adults. Due to a lack of antivirals against this virus, treatment options are limited. The minor capsid protein of B19V has a unique N terminus, named VP1u, which is essential for infection. The VP1u encodes a receptor binding domain (RBD), necessary for host cell entry, and a phospholipase A2 (PLA) domain, crucial for endosomal escape during cellular trafficking. Both domains are indispensable for infection, making the RBD a plausible drug target for inhibitors against B19V, as it is located on the exterior surface of the virus. To date, no experimental structural information has been available for the VP1u component for any Parvovirus. Here we report the backbone NMR resonance assignments for the RBD of B19V and demonstrate it forms a stable structure. The backbone chemical shifts are in good agreement with a structure predicted by AlphaFold, validating that the RBD contains three helices connected by tight turns. This RBD construct can now be used for further NMR studies, including assignment of full-length VP1u, determination of protein-protein interaction interfaces, and development of B19 antivirals specific to the RBD domain. BMRB submission code: 52440.
PubMed: 38883784
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4441481/v1 -
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and... 2024Transplacental infections are frequent, especially in developing countries, where limited screening is performed to find infectious agents in the pregnant population. We...
INTRODUCTION
Transplacental infections are frequent, especially in developing countries, where limited screening is performed to find infectious agents in the pregnant population. We aim to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and seroinfection of antibodies against , parvovirus B19, , and HIV in pregnant women who attended the Motupe Health Center in Lambayeque, Peru during July-August 2018.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 179 pregnant women interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. ELISA was used to determine antibodies to and parvovirus B19. The detection of syphilis and HIV was conducted using immunochromatography, while the detection of hepatitis B was conducted using FTA-ABS and immunofluorescence, respectively.
RESULTS
Of 179 pregnant women, syphilis and HIV infections routinely included in the screening of pregnant women presented a seroinfection of 2.2 and 0.6%, respectively. Toxoplasmosis seroinfection was 25.1%, while IgM antiparvovirus B19 was 40.8%, revealing that pregnant women had an active infection at the time of study.
CONCLUSION
The level of seroinfection of toxoplasmosis reveals the risk to which pregnant women who participated in the study are exposed. The high seroinfection of parvovirus B19 could explain the cases of spontaneous abortion and levels of anemia in newborn that have been reported in Motupe, Lambayeque, Peru. However, future causality studies are necessary to determine the significance of these findings.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Peru; Treponema pallidum; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Syphilis; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Toxoplasmosis; HIV Infections; Toxoplasma; Young Adult; Parvovirus B19, Human; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antibodies, Viral; Adolescent; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 38883209
DOI: 10.1155/2024/8844325 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2024Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a human parvovirus that causes lower respiratory tract infections in young children. It contains a single-stranded (ss) DNA genome of ~5.5...
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a human parvovirus that causes lower respiratory tract infections in young children. It contains a single-stranded (ss) DNA genome of ~5.5 kb that encodes a small noncoding RNA of 140 nucleotides known as bocavirus-encoded small RNA (BocaSR), in addition to viral proteins. Here, we determined the secondary structure of BocaSR in vivo by using DMS-MaPseq. Our findings reveal that BocaSR undergoes N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification at multiple sites, which is critical for viral DNA replication in both dividing HEK293 cells and nondividing cells of the human airway epithelium. Mechanistically, we found that m6A-modified BocaSR serves as a mediator for recruiting Y-family DNA repair DNA polymerase (Pol) η and Pol κ likely through a direct interaction between BocaSR and the viral DNA replication origin at the right terminus of the viral genome. Thus, this report represents direct involvement of a viral small noncoding RNA in viral DNA replication through m6A modification.
Topics: Humans; Adenosine; Virus Replication; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; DNA Replication; DNA, Viral; HEK293 Cells; RNA, Viral; Human bocavirus; Genome, Viral; Parvoviridae Infections
PubMed: 38875150
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320782121 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Jun 2024We report an epidemic of parvovirus B19 infections in Denmark during the first quarter of 2024, with a peak incidence 3.5 times higher than during the most recent...
We report an epidemic of parvovirus B19 infections in Denmark during the first quarter of 2024, with a peak incidence 3.5 times higher than during the most recent epidemic in 2017. In total, 20.1% (130/648) of laboratory-confirmed cases were pregnant. Severe adverse outcomes were observed among 12.3% (16/130) of pregnant people and included foetal anaemia, foetal hydrops and miscarriage. Parvovirus B19 infection is not systematically monitored, but a national laboratory-based surveillance system is currently being established in Denmark.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Denmark; Parvovirus B19, Human; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Adult; Incidence; Parvoviridae Infections; Epidemics; Hydrops Fetalis; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult; Erythema Infectiosum; Adolescent; Abortion, Spontaneous; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 38873795
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.24.2400299 -
Virulence Dec 2024Recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus (rMDPV) is a product of genetic recombination between classical Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV). The...
Recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus (rMDPV) is a product of genetic recombination between classical Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV). The recombination event took place within a 1.1-kb DNA segment located in the middle of the VP3 gene, and a 187-bp sequence extending from the P9 promoter to the 5' initiation region of the Rep1 ORF. This resulted in the alteration of five amino acids within VP3. Despite these genetic changes, the precise influence of recombination and amino acid mutations on the pathogenicity of rMDPV remains ambiguous. In this study, based on the rMDPV strain ZW and the classical MDPV strain YY, three chimeric viruses (rZW-mP9, rZW-mPR187, and rYY-rVP3) and the five amino acid mutations-introduced mutants (rZW-g5aa and rYY-5aa(ZW)) were generated using reverse genetic technology. When compared to the parental virus rZW, rZW-g5aa exhibited a prolonged mean death time (MDT) and a decreased median lethal dose (ELD) in embryonated duck eggs. In contrast, rYY-5aa(ZW) did not display significant differences in MDT and ELD compared to rYY. In 2-day-old Muscovy ducklings, infection with rZW-g5aa and rYY-5aa(ZW) resulted in mortality rates of only 20% and 10%, respectively, while infections with the three chimeric viruses (rZW-mP9, rZW-mPR187, rYY-rVP3) and rZW still led to 100% mortality. Notably, rYY-rVP3, containing the VP3 region from strain ZW, exhibited 50% mortality in 6-day-old Muscovy ducklings and demonstrated significant horizontal transmission. Collectively, our findings indicate that recombination and consequent amino acid changes in VP3 have a synergistic impact on the heightened virulence of rMDPV in Muscovy ducklings.
Topics: Animals; Ducks; Virulence; Parvoviridae Infections; Poultry Diseases; Capsid Proteins; Recombination, Genetic; Point Mutation; Parvovirinae
PubMed: 38869140
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2366874 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... May 2024The objective of the present study was to report, for the first time, the presence of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in domesticated dogs with acute gastroenteritis...
INTRODUCTION
The objective of the present study was to report, for the first time, the presence of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in domesticated dogs with acute gastroenteritis and to characterize the antigenic variants circulating in Palestine.
METHODOLOGY
A veterinary clinical-based epidemiological study was carried out between December 2022 and April 2023. Fifty fecal samples were collected from dogs with gastroenteritis and screened for CPV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of positive cases according to various epidemiological factors was studied. Partial sequencing of the viral protein 2 (VP2) gene was performed for the analysis of CPV-2 variants.
RESULTS
Most of the investigated samples (60%; n = 50) during the study period were found positive for CPV-2 infection. There was no difference in the distribution of positive cases of CPV-2 infection based on age group, gender, location, and vaccination status. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences from amplified products, as well as phylogenetic analysis, revealed the presence of CPV-2c clustered with Asian CPV-2c variants.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, this study represents the initial genetic analysis of CPV-2 present in Palestinian dogs with gastroenteritis and provides evidence that confirms the existence of the CPV-2c variants. To determine the prevailing CPV-2 variant associated with the infection, it is crucial to conduct further sequence analysis using large populations of both domestic and wild canines.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Parvovirus, Canine; Parvoviridae Infections; Dog Diseases; Feces; Phylogeny; Gastroenteritis; Middle East; Female; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 38865411
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18835 -
Cirugia Y Cirujanos 2024To evaluate if the comorbidity and coinfections presented by SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 impact our Mexican children. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate if the comorbidity and coinfections presented by SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 impact our Mexican children.
METHOD
Prospective and observational study that included the 2020-2021 peak influenza season. All patients with a diagnosis of infection by SARS-CoV-2 vs. COVID-19 who were admitted to the Hospital Infantil de Mexico were analyzed. Real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in all patients, determining E, RdRp and RP genes and protein N, as well as RT-PCR for detection of respiratory viruses.
RESULTS
The inclusion criteria were met by 163 patients. The group with the highest risk of becoming ill was adolescents (40.4%), followed by schoolchildren and preschoolers (21.4% and 19.6% of the cases, respectively). There were three cases with viral coinfection: two (1.2%) with parvovirus B-19 and one (0.6%) with herpes type I; another two (1.2%) showed bacterial coinfection. The main comorbidity were obesity, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and arterial hypertension. Regarding mortality, we only had four cases (2.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
Obesity, cancer, hypertension, heart disease and diabetes are comorbidity present in our patients, as referred to in literature, but not coinfections. In our study, we did not have any associated mortality related to comorbidity.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Coinfection; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Male; Prospective Studies; Female; Adolescent; Mexico; Influenza, Human; Hypertension; Infant; Seasons; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38862113
DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.23000080