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Virulence Dec 2024(APP) is an important pathogen of the porcine respiratory disease complex, which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. We previously demonstrated that -producing...
(APP) is an important pathogen of the porcine respiratory disease complex, which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. We previously demonstrated that -producing bovine neutrophil β-defensin-5 (B5) could resist the infection by the bovine intracellular pathogen . In this study, the roles of synthetic B5 in regulating mucosal innate immune response and protecting against extracellular APP infection were further investigated using a mouse model. Results showed that B5 promoted the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon (IFN)-β in macrophages as well as dendritic cells (DC) and enhanced DC maturation . Importantly, intranasal B5 was safe and conferred effective protection against APP via reducing the bacterial load in lungs and alleviating pulmonary inflammatory damage. Furthermore, in the early stage of APP infection, we found that intranasal B5 up-regulated the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-22; enhanced the rapid recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and DC; and facilitated the generation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in lungs. In addition, B5 activated signalling pathways associated with cellular response to IFN-β and activation of innate immune response in APP-challenged lungs. Collectively, B5 via the intranasal route can effectively ameliorate the immune suppression caused by early APP infection and provide protection against APP. The immunization strategy may be applied to animals or human respiratory bacterial infectious diseases. Our findings highlight the potential importance of B5, enhancing mucosal defence against intracellular bacteria like APP which causes early-phase immune suppression.
Topics: Humans; Swine; Animals; Cattle; Immunity, Innate; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Lymphocytes; Lung; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Immunosuppression Therapy
PubMed: 38378464
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316459 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of gut microbiota on the development of obesity. In this study, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to...
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of gut microbiota on the development of obesity. In this study, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the gut microbiota characteristics among different types of obese patients, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and provide novel insights for obesity treatment.
METHODS
Two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to assess causal relationships between gut microbiota and various obesity subtypes. Gut microbiota data were obtained from the international consortium MiBioGen, and data on obese individuals were sourced from the Finnish National Biobank FinnGen. Eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Various analytical methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, MR-RAPS, and Lasso regression, were applied. Sensitivity analyses for quality control included MR-Egger intercept tests, Cochran's Q tests, and leave-one-out analyses and others.
RESULTS
Mendelian randomization studies revealed distinct gut microbiota profiles among European populations with different obesity subtypes. Following multivariable MR analysis, we found that [: 0.842, : 0.766-0.926, Adjusted value: 0.028] independently reduced the risk of obesity induced by excessive calorie intake, while [: 4.252, : 2.177-8.307, Adjusted value: 0.002] independently increased the risk of medication-induced obesity. For localized adiposity, [: 0.213, : 0.115-0.395, Adjusted value: <0.001] acted as a protective factor. In the case of extreme obesity with alveolar hypoventilation, [: 0.724, : 0.609-0.860, Adjusted value: 0.035] reduced the risk of its occurrence. Additionally, six gut microbiota may have potential roles in the onset of different types of obesity. Specifically, the torques group may increase the risk of its occurrence. and may serve as protective factors in the onset of Drug-induced obesity. , , and , on the other hand, could potentially increase the risk of Drug-induced obesity. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among SNPs was found in the above studies (all values for Q test and MR-Egger intercept > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiota abundance is causally related to obesity, with distinct gut microbiota profiles observed among different obesity subtypes. Four bacterial species, including , , and independently influence the development of various types of obesity. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation may represent a novel approach in future obesity management.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Obesity; Actinomycetaceae; Bacteroidetes; Clostridiales; Lactobacillus; Nonoxynol; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38375360
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1352109 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024The oral cavity is the portal of entry for many microorganisms that affect swine, and the swine oral fluid has been used as a specimen for the diagnosis of several...
The oral cavity is the portal of entry for many microorganisms that affect swine, and the swine oral fluid has been used as a specimen for the diagnosis of several infectious diseases. The oral microbiota has been shown to play important roles in humans, such as protection against non-indigenous bacteria. In swine, studies that have investigated the microbial composition of the oral cavity of pigs are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the oral fluid microbiota of weaned pigs from five commercial farms in Brazil and compare it to their respective fecal and environmental microbiotas. Bacterial compositions were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyzed in R Studio. Oral fluid samples were significantly less diverse (alpha diversity) than pen floor and fecal samples (P < 0.01). Alpha diversity changed among farms in oral fluid and pen floor samples, but no differences were observed in fecal samples. Permutational ANOVA revealed that beta diversity was significantly different among sample types (P = 0.001) and farms (P = 0.001), with separation of sample types (feces, pen floor, and oral fluid) on the principal coordinates analysis. Most counts obtained from oral fluid samples were classified as Firmicutes (80.4%) and Proteobacteria (7.7%). The genera Streptococcus, members of the Pasteurellaceae family, and Veillonella were differentially abundant in oral fluid samples when compared to fecal samples, in which Streptococcus was identified as a core genus that was strongly correlated (SparCC) with other taxa. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most relatively abundant phyla identified in fecal and pen floor samples, and Prevotella_9 was the most classified genus. No differentially abundant taxa were identified when comparing fecal samples and pen floor samples. We concluded that under the conditions of our study, the oral fluid microbiota of weaned piglets is different (beta diversity) and less diverse (alpha diversity) than the fecal and environmental microbiotas. Several differentially abundant taxa were identified in the oral fluid samples, and some have been described as important colonizers of the oral cavity in human microbiome studies. Further understanding of the relationship between the oral fluid microbiota and swine is necessary and would create opportunities for the development of innovative solutions that target the microbiota to improve swine health and production.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Housing; Bacteria; Feces; Firmicutes
PubMed: 38374338
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54269-5 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Aug 2024Pasteurellosis is a common zoonotic infection that occurs after an animal bite or scratch (B/S). We compared the clinical features of six patients with non-B/S... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Pasteurellosis is a common zoonotic infection that occurs after an animal bite or scratch (B/S). We compared the clinical features of six patients with non-B/S pasteurellosis with those of 14 patients with B/S infections. Pasteurella multocida was identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in all six non-B/S infections, whereas 13 of the 14 B/S infections were identified with diagnostic kits. The non-B/S infections were pneumonia (n = 3), skin and soft tissue infections (n = 2), and bacteremia (n = 1). Pneumonia occurred in two patients with underlying pulmonary disease, whereas ventilator-associated pneumonia developed in one patient with cerebral infarction. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from a blood specimen and nasal swab from a patient with liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class C) and diabetes. Cellulitis developed in one patient with diabetes and normal-pressure hydrocephalus, who had an open wound following a fall, and in one patient with diabetes and a foot ulcer. Three patients with non-B/S infections had no pet and no episode of recent animal contact. The rate of moderate-to-severe comorbidities was significantly higher in patients with non-B/S infections than in those with B/S infections (100% and 14.3%, respectively, p < 0.001). In conclusion, non-B/S infections can develop in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, invasive mechanical ventilation, or open wounds, or who are immunocompromised, irrespective of obvious animal exposure. In contrast to B/S infections, non-B/S pasteurellosis should be considered opportunistic.
Topics: Humans; Pasteurella Infections; Animals; Male; Female; Pasteurella multocida; Middle Aged; Aged; Bites and Stings; Aged, 80 and over; Adult; Bacteremia
PubMed: 38373634
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.02.002 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Global... Jun 2024Among 467 children under five hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae or Haemophilus haemolyticus was 60.8%, all cases...
Among 467 children under five hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae or Haemophilus haemolyticus was 60.8%, all cases were non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi) or H. haemolyticus. NTHi/H. haemolyticus PCR detection was associated with about twice the risk for severe disease. The results highlight the need for increased awareness and research efforts to investigate the role of NTHi/H. haemolyticus in severe CAP among children.
Topics: Humans; Community-Acquired Infections; Vietnam; Haemophilus Infections; Child, Preschool; Male; Female; Infant; Prevalence; Haemophilus influenzae; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Vaccines; Pneumonia, Bacterial
PubMed: 38372891
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00195-8 -
Heliyon Feb 2024Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a prevalent autoimmune disorder. Despite its high...
BACKGROUND
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a prevalent autoimmune disorder. Despite its high prevalence, the pathogenesis of AIT remains unclear. Previous studies have suggested a potential association between gut microbiota and AIT. However, whether this relationship is causal or coincidental remains uncertain. To address this gap in knowledge, our study aimed to investigate the potential causal association between gut microbiota and AIT using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.
METHODS
Summary-level gut microbiota data comprising 211 taxa (131 genera, 35 families, 20 orders, 16 classes, and 9 phyla) were obtained from the comprehensive MiBioGen study. Genetic associations with 22 gastrointestinal diseases were extracted from the UK Biobank, FinnGen study, and various extensive GWAS studies. A meticulous MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between genetically predicted gut microbiota and these gastrointestinal diseases. Sensitivity analyses and tests for heterogeneity were systematically performed to validate the reliability of our findings.
RESULTS
Six gut microbiota species showed significant associations with AIT according to the IVW method. Among them, the following exhibited negative associations with AIT: family Alcaligenaceae, family Pasteurellaceae (ID: 3689), family Peptococcaceae, genus Lachnospira, genus Victivallis, and order Pasteurellales (ID: 3688). No evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected.
CONCLUSION
The MR analysis uncovered a causal relationship at the genetic prediction level between specific gut microbiota and AIT. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms governing the development of AIT mediated by gut microbiota. This knowledge could inform the design of future interventions, potentially involving microbiome-related strategies, to address the mechanisms associated with AIT development.
PubMed: 38356548
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25652 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Mar 2024To investigate gingival inflammation and prevalence of four specific periodontal associated pathogens in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in relation to orofacial...
AIM
To investigate gingival inflammation and prevalence of four specific periodontal associated pathogens in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in relation to orofacial pain, jaw function and systemic inflammatory activity in JIA.
METHODS
Forty-five children with JIA and 16 healthy children as controls, were enrolled. Subjects were examined and classified according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). Pain, pain-related disability and jaw function were also assessed. A clinical periodontal examination was performed. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed for semiquantitative levels of the following periodontal pathogens; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomintans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that the periodontal disease-associated bacteria P. gingivalis and T. forsythia do not contribute to neither periodontal disease, systemic inflammatory activity nor orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction, including TMJ arthritis, in JIA patients in Sweden.
Topics: Child; Humans; Arthritis, Juvenile; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontal Diseases; Tannerella forsythia; Facial Pain; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
PubMed: 38353519
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.1913 -
Anales de Pediatria Mar 2024Recent studies show an increase in the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae and a decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae among the bacteria that cause acute otitis media...
INTRODUCTION
Recent studies show an increase in the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae and a decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae among the bacteria that cause acute otitis media (AOM). The objective of our study was to analyse the distribution of pathogens identified in children aged less than 14 years presenting to the emergency department with AOM and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Single centre retrospective, analytical study in patients aged less than 14 years with a diagnosis of AOM in whom an ear drainage sample was collected for culture in the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital between 2013 and 2021.
RESULTS
During the study period, there were 14 684 documented care episodes corresponding to children with a diagnosis of AOM. An ear drainage culture was performed in 768 of those episodes. The median age of the patients was 2 years, 57% were male and 70% had a previous history of AOM. The most frequently isolated pathogens were: Haemophilus influenzae (n = 188 [24.5%]; 15.5% of them resistant to ampicillin), Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 86 [11.2%]), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 82 [10.7%]), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 54 [6.9%]; 9.4% with intermediate resistance to penicillin), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 42 [5.5%]) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 11 [1.4%]). No pathogen was isolated in 34.9% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Haemophilus influenzae is the leading cause of AOM in children aged less than 14 years. This, combined with the low frequency of isolation and penicillin resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, calls into question the appropriateness of high-dose amoxicillin for empiric treatment of AOM.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Child, Preschool; Female; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Retrospective Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes; Haemophilus influenzae
PubMed: 38350792
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.12.013 -
ELife Feb 2024Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters are secondary-active transporters that receive their substrates via a soluble-binding protein to move...
Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters are secondary-active transporters that receive their substrates via a soluble-binding protein to move bioorganic acids across bacterial or archaeal cell membranes. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of TRAP transporters provide a broad framework to understand how they work, but the mechanistic details of transport are not yet defined. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the -acetylneuraminate TRAP transporter (SiaQM) at 2.99 Å resolution (extending to 2.2 Å at the core), revealing new features. The improved resolution (the previous SiaQM structure is 4.7 Å resolution) permits accurate assignment of two Na sites and the architecture of the substrate-binding site, consistent with mutagenic and functional data. Moreover, rather than a monomer, the SiaQM structure is a homodimer. We observe lipids at the dimer interface, as well as a lipid trapped within the fusion that links the SiaQ and SiaM subunits. We show that the affinity () for the complex between the soluble SiaP protein and SiaQM is in the micromolar range and that a related SiaP can bind SiaQM. This work provides key data that enhances our understanding of the 'elevator-with-an-operator' mechanism of TRAP transporters.
Topics: Haemophilus influenzae; Cryoelectron Microscopy; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Membrane Transport Proteins; Adenosine Triphosphate; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38349818
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.92307 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Feb 2024Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) plays an important role in respiratory tract infections, and adherence to lung epithelial cells is the first step in lung...
OBJECTIVE
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) plays an important role in respiratory tract infections, and adherence to lung epithelial cells is the first step in lung infections. To explore the role of NTHi in childhood lung infections, a comparative study was conducted on the adherence of strains isolated from sputum culture and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to A549 lung epithelial cells.
METHODS
Haemophilus influenzae strains were obtained from the sample bank of Shenzhen Children's Hospital, and identified as NTHi via PCR detection of the capsule gene bexA. NTHi obtained from healthy children's nasopharyngeal swabs culture were selected as the control group, and a comparative study was conducted on the adherence of strains isolated from sputum culture or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients to A549 cells.
RESULTS
The adherence bacterial counts of NTHi isolated from the nasopharyngeal cultures of healthy children to A549 cells was 58.2 CFU. In patients with lung diseases, NTHi isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 104.3 CFU, and from sputum cultures was 115.1 CFU, both of which were significantly higher in their adherence to A549 cells compared to the strains isolated from the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in adherence between the strains isolated from sputum cultures and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (t = 0.5217, p = 0.6033).
CONCLUSION
NTHi played an important role in childhood pulmonary infections by enhancing its adherence to lung epithelial cells.
Topics: Child; Humans; Haemophilus influenzae; Haemophilus Infections; Lung; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 38347439
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09085-7