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Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HGP) has generally been considered a risk factor associated with adverse outcomes in offspring, but its impact on the short-term outcomes of...
BACKGROUND
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HGP) has generally been considered a risk factor associated with adverse outcomes in offspring, but its impact on the short-term outcomes of very preterm infants remains unclear.
METHODS
A secondary analysis was performed based on clinical data collected prospectively from 28 hospitals in seven regions of China from September 2019 to December 2020. According to maternal HGP, all infants were divided into the HGP group or the non-HGP group. A propensity score matching analysis was used to adjust for confounding factors, including gestational age, twin or multiple births, sex, antenatal steroid administration, delivery mode and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The main complications and the short-term growth status during hospitalization were evaluated in the HGP and non-HGP groups.
RESULTS
A total of 2,514 infants were eligible for analysis. After matching, there were 437 infants in the HGP group and 874 infants in the non-HGP group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in main complications including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus, culture positive sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, anemia, feeding intolerance, metabolic bone disease of prematurity, or parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. The incidences of extrauterine growth retardation and increased growth retardation for weight and head circumference in the non-HGP group were all higher than those in the HGP group after matching ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
HGP did not worsen the short-term outcomes of the surviving very preterm infants, as it did not lead to a higher risk of the main neonatal complications, and the infants' growth improved during hospitalization.
PubMed: 38510082
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1341221 -
Archivos de Cardiologia de Mexico 2024
Topics: Humans; Infant; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Prosthesis Design; Cardiac Catheterization; Panama; Treatment Outcome; Septal Occluder Device
PubMed: 38507334
DOI: 10.24875/ACM.22000228 -
Ghana Medical Journal Jun 2023To determine the usefulness of cardiovascular physical examination (CPE) as a screening tool in a low-resource setting for detecting congenital heart disease (CHD) in...
OBJECTIVES
To determine the usefulness of cardiovascular physical examination (CPE) as a screening tool in a low-resource setting for detecting congenital heart disease (CHD) in newborns delivered at the Maternity Unit of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra, Ghana.
DESIGN
A hospital-based cross-sectional study with a comparison group component.
SETTING
Maternity Unit of the KBTH, Accra, Ghana.
PARTICIPANTS
Over eight months, newborns aged 1-14 days delivered at ≥ 34 weeks' gestation at the Maternity Unit, KBTH, were recruited into the study.
INTERVENTION
Each newborn was examined using a set of CPE parameters for the presence of congenital heart disease. Those with suggestive features of CHD had a confirmatory echocardiogram test.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Abnormal CPE features and their corresponding echocardiogram findings.
RESULTS
A total of 1607 were screened, with 52 newborns showing signs of CHD on CPE, of which 20 newborns were proven on echocardiogram to have congenital heart disease. Abnormal CPE parameter that was associated with CHD was murmur (P=0.001), dysmorphism (p=0.01), newborns with chest recessions (p=0.01) and lethargy (p=0.02). CPE's sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 95%, 60.7%, 36.5% and 98,1%, respectively. The most common acyanotic CHD found was isolated atrial septal defect (ASD), followed by patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The only cyanotic CHD found was a case of tricuspid atresia.
CONCLUSION
Cardiovascular physical examination at birth is an effective and inexpensive screening tool for detecting CHD in newborns, which can easily be utilised in low-resource settings.
FUNDING
None declared.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Ghana; Cross-Sectional Studies; Heart Defects, Congenital; Echocardiography; Hospitals, Teaching
PubMed: 38504760
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i2.10 -
Kardiologia Polska 2024
Topics: Adult; Humans; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent
PubMed: 38493465
DOI: 10.33963/v.phj.99551 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a critical concern in premature infants, and different hospitals may have varying treatment policies, fluid...
OBJECTIVES
The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a critical concern in premature infants, and different hospitals may have varying treatment policies, fluid management strategies, and incubator humidity. The Asian Neonatal Network Collaboration (AsianNeo) collected data on prematurity care details from hospitals across Asian countries. The aim of this study was to provide a survey of the current practices in the management of PDA in premature infants in Asian countries.
METHODS
AsianNeo performed a cross-sectional international questionnaire survey in 2022 to assess the human and physical resources of hospitals and clinical management of very preterm infants. The survey covered various aspects of hospitals resources and clinical management, and data were collected from 337 hospitals across Asia. The data collected were used to compare hospitals resources and clinical management of preterm infants between areas and economic status.
RESULTS
The policy of PDA management for preterm infants varied across Asian countries in AsianNeo. Hospitals in Northeast Asia were more likely to perform PDA ligation (< 0.001) than hospitals in Southeast Asia. Hospitals in Northeast Asia had stricter fluid restrictions in the first 24 h after birth for infants born at <29 weeks gestation (< 0.001) and on day 14 after birth for infants born at <29 weeks gestation (< 0.001) compared to hospitals in Southeast Asia. Hospitals in Northeast Asia also had a more humidified environment for infants born between 24 weeks gestation and 25 weeks gestation in the first 72 h after birth (< 0.001). A logistic regression model predicted that hospitals were more likely to perform PDA ligation for PDA when the hospitals had a stricter fluid planning on day 14 after birth [Odds ratio (OR) of 1.70, = 0.048], more incubator humidity settings (<80% vs. 80%-89%, OR of 3.35, = 0.012 and <80% vs. 90%-100%, OR of 5.31, < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In advanced economies and Northeast Asia, neonatologists tend to adopt a more conservative approach towards fluid management, maintain higher incubator humidity settings and inclined to perform surgical ligation for PDA.
PubMed: 38487471
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1336299 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Echography 2023This article provides comprehensive insights into the evaluation of simple congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in adults, emphasizing the pivotal role of echocardiography.... (Review)
Review
This article provides comprehensive insights into the evaluation of simple congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in adults, emphasizing the pivotal role of echocardiography. By focusing on conditions such as congenital aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defects (ASDs), and ventricular septal defects (VSDs), the review underscores echocardiography's intricate contributions to precise clinical decision-making. Echocardiography serves as the primary imaging modality, offering high-resolution visualization of anatomical anomalies and quantification of hemodynamic parameters. It enables tailored therapeutic strategies through its capacity to discern the dimensions, spatial orientation, and dynamic shunt dynamics of defects such as ASDs and VSDs. Moreover, echocardiography's advanced techniques, such as tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking, provide detailed insights into atrial mechanics, diastolic function, and ventricular filling kinetics. Integration of echocardiographic findings into clinical practice empowers clinicians to create personalized interventions based on quantified ventricular function, which spans systolic and diastolic aspects. This approach facilitates risk stratification and therapeutic planning, particularly pertinent in heart failure management within the CHD patient population. In summary, echocardiography transcends its role as an imaging tool, emerging as a precision-guided instrument adept at navigating the complexities of simple CHD in adults. Its ability to expedite diagnosis, quantify hemodynamic impacts, and unravel multifaceted functional dynamics culminates in a comprehensive depiction of these conditions. The fusion of these insights with clinical expertise empowers clinicians to navigate the intricate pathways of CHD, crafting tailored therapeutic strategies characterized by precision and efficacy.
PubMed: 38486692
DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_52_23 -
PloS One 2024Transthoracic Echocardiography is the first-line, non-invasive, and accessible imaging modality to evaluate heart disease anatomy, physiology, and hemodynamics. We aim...
Two-Dimensional and Doppler trans-thoracic echocardiographic patterns of suspected pediatric heart diseases at Tibebe--Ghion specialized Teaching Hospital and Adinas General Hospital, Bahir Dar, North-west Ethiopia:-An experience from an LMIC.
BACKGROUND
Transthoracic Echocardiography is the first-line, non-invasive, and accessible imaging modality to evaluate heart disease anatomy, physiology, and hemodynamics. We aim to describe the trans-thoracic echocardiography pattern of pediatric heart diseases and reasons for referral in children referred to Bahir Dar University Tibebe-Ghion Hospital and Adinas General Hospital.
METHOD
A descriptive cross-sectional study of the archived Transthoracic, Two Dimensional, and Doppler Echocardiography assessments of children from birth to fifteen years of age performed between June 2019 to May 2023 was done. Data were collected retrospectively from February 01, 2023 -May 31, 2023. Categorical variables like gender, referral reasons for echocardiography, and patterns of pediatric heart lesions were analyzed in the form of proportions and presented in tables and figures. Discrete variables including age were summarized as means (SD) and medians(IQR).
RESULTS
Out of 3,647 Children enrolled; 1,917 (52.6%) were males and 1,730 (47.4%) were females. The median (IQR) age of children enrolled was 24 months (5 to 96). Cardiac murmur (33%) was the most common reason for echocardiography followed by, Respiratory Distress (18%), Syndromic Child (15%), easy fatigability/ Diaphoresis (14.3%), congestive heart failure (14%), and rheumatic fever (13.2%). Congenital heart defect (CHD) accounts for 70% of all heart diseases, followed by rheumatic heart disease (21%). Isolated ventricular septal defect(VSD) was the most common CHD (21%) followed by isolated Patent ductus arteriosus (15%), isolated atrial septal defect (10%), Isolated atrioventricular septal defect (6%) and isolated pulmonary stenosis (5%). Cyanotic CHD accounts for 11.5% of all heart diseases. Tetralogy of Fallot (30%), d-TGA (20%), and double outlet right ventricle (19%) were the most common cyanotic CHDs.
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, congenital heart lesions are the most common diagnosis and cardiac murmurs are the most common presenting reasons for echocardiography evaluation.
Topics: Male; Female; Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Ethiopia; Hospitals, General; Heart Defects, Congenital; Echocardiography, Doppler; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Echocardiography; Hospitals, University; Heart Murmurs
PubMed: 38466681
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292694 -
Early Human Development Apr 2024Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Mode and timing of treatment are still controversial. Data are limited...
Active versus restrictive ligation strategy for patent ductus arteriosus - A retrospective two-center study of extremely preterm infants born between 22 + 0 and 25 + 6 weeks of gestational age.
BACKGROUND
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Mode and timing of treatment are still controversial. Data are limited in the most extremely premature infants <26 weeks of gestational age (GA), where clinical problems are most significant and patients are most vulnerable.
AIMS
To investigate whether different approaches to surgical closure of PDA in two large Swedish centers has an impact on clinical outcomes including mortality in extremely preterm infants born <26 weeks GA.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective, two-center, cohort study.
SUBJECTS
Infants born at 22-25 weeks GA between 2010 and 2016 at Uppsala University Children's Hospital (UUCH; n = 228) and Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Gothenburg (QSCHG; n = 220).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Survival, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
RESULTS
Surgical closure of PDA was more common and performed earlier at QSCHG (50 % vs 16 %; median age 11 vs 44 days; p < 0.01). Survival was similar in both centres. There was a higher incidence of severe BPD and longer duration of mechanical ventilation at UUCH (p < 0.01). There was a higher incidence of ROP, IVH and sepsis at QSCH (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). A sub-group analysis matching all surgically treated infants at QSCHG with infants at UUCH with the same GA showed similar results as the total cohort.
CONCLUSION
Earlier and higher rate of surgical PDA closure in this cohort of extremely preterms born <26 weeks GA did not impact mortality but was associated with lower rates of severe BPD and higher rates of severe ROP.
Topics: Infant; Female; Child; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant, Extremely Premature; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Gestational Age; Retrospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Retinopathy of Prematurity
PubMed: 38452632
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105976 -
Kidney & Blood Pressure Research 2024Cyanotic nephropathy, a rare disease characterized by proteinuria, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, thrombocytopenia, polycythemia, and hyperuricemia, may... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Cyanotic nephropathy, a rare disease characterized by proteinuria, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, thrombocytopenia, polycythemia, and hyperuricemia, may occasionally be secondary to cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). There are currently no detailed diagnostic criteria or treatments for cyanotic nephropathy, owing to its extremely low incidence. Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) was initially defined by Paul Wood in pathophysiologic terms as "pulmonary hypertension (PH) at the systemic level, caused by a high pulmonary vascular resistance, with a reversed or bidirectional shunt at the aorto-pulmonary, ventricular, or atrial level." It typically develops in the presence of large, unrepaired atrial or ventricular septal defects, arterial shunts, or complex forms of CHD and is the most severe hemodynamic phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD. This study aimed to outline the case of an ES patient who developed cyanotic nephropathy and successfully achieved clinical remission through primary disease treatment and symptomatic management. Overall, this case expands our understanding of cyanotic nephropathy and lays a theoretical reference for the treatment of ES.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 33-year-old Chinese female attended the outpatient department with abnormal urine test results over the past two and a half years. Following a comprehensive medical history collection, she underwent the necessary tests. Cardiac color ultrasound displayed a significant widening of the pulmonary artery and PH (severe), as well as mild tricuspid regurgitation and patent ductus arteriosus. The results of the kidney biopsy, combined with clinical findings, suggested a high risk of polycythemia-related kidney disease. She was eventually diagnosed with cyanotic nephropathy and ES. Her symptoms were relieved following symptomatic treatment, such as the administration of ambrisentan, febuxostat, and home oxygen therapy. Her follow-up visit at 6 months demonstrated improvements in hyperuricemia and a significant increase in physical strength.
CONCLUSION
Cyanotic nephropathy is a rare condition in adults. Kidney biopsy remains the gold standard of diagnosis for various nephropathies. Active treatment of CHD and alleviating hypoxia may be pivotal for the treatment of cyanotic nephropathy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Eisenmenger Complex; Kidney Diseases; Cyanosis; Polycythemia
PubMed: 38447536
DOI: 10.1159/000538100