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Frontiers in Psychology 2023The current cross-sectional study aimed to examine the reliability, construct validity, gender invariance and concurrent validity of the psychological control...
Confirmatory factor analysis and gender invariance of the Persian version of psychological control scale: association with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.
INTRODUCTION
The current cross-sectional study aimed to examine the reliability, construct validity, gender invariance and concurrent validity of the psychological control scale-youth self-report (PCS-YSR) among Iranian adolescents.
METHODS
A total of 1,453 high school students (49.2% boys; M = 15.48, SD = 0.97), who aged between 14 and 18 years old completed the PCS-YSR and the youth self-report (YSR) scale of behavior problems.
RESULTS
Reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha and ordinal alpha for maternal and paternal psychological control. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results supported the original unidimensional model of the PCS-YSR scale for both mother and father forms. Results also revealed that mother and father forms of PCS-YSR were invariant across adolescents' gender. When comparing the mean differences, mothers were more psychologically controlling toward their sons, compared to their daughters. The mother and father forms of PCS-YSR were found to have acceptable concurrent validity through their relationship to internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems.
DISCUSSION
Overall, our findings supported the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report among Iranian adolescents. This scale can be used as an efficient tool for parental psychological control among adolescents in Iran. The negative effect of the intrusive parenting behavior on child' negative outcomes in Iran, irrespective of culture, was shown.
PubMed: 38162974
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1128264 -
Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic... 2023This qualitative study was designed to investigate parental adherence to cranial remolding orthotic (CRO) treatment of infants with positional cranial deformities.
BACKGROUND
This qualitative study was designed to investigate parental adherence to cranial remolding orthotic (CRO) treatment of infants with positional cranial deformities.
METHODS
A qualitative content analysis was employed in this study. Researchers sought to find parental behavior while using a CRO for their infant with cranial deformity. Through in-depth and in-person interviews, researchers collected data from 22 participants using semi-structured questions regarding adherence to CRO treatment. Data were examined for patterns until saturation occurred, yielding categories that focused on the parents' main barriers and facilitators.
RESULTS
Two general themes of "potential barriers to CRO treatment adherence" and "potential facilitators to CRO treatment adherence" were extracted from 12 subthemes of parental burden, transportation, availability of CRO services in hometown, financial responsibility, maternal/paternal attachment attitudes, CRO-related problems, others feedback, adjustment to the treatment, motivation and self-confidence, aesthetic satisfaction, communication with orthotist, and wife's empathy/spousal support.
CONCLUSION
Getting time off work, transportation to the orthotics' clinic, the lack of medical insurance coverage for CRO, reduced physical contact between parents and their child, and getting negative feedback from others were the most reported challenges. However, overcoming the initial difficulties and adjustment to the treatment with CRO, the high motivation of parents during therapy, an orthosis with good fitting and minor complications, a strong relationship between the parents and orthotist, and the father's companionship were revealed to facilitate the treatment process and increase adherence of treatment with CRO.
PubMed: 38145176
DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.111 -
Environment International Jan 2024Epidemiologic studies on health effects of parental preconception exposures are limited despite emerging evidence from toxicological studies suggesting that such...
BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic studies on health effects of parental preconception exposures are limited despite emerging evidence from toxicological studies suggesting that such exposures, including to environmental chemicals, may affect offspring health.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether maternal and paternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolite and bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations were associated with child behavior.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the Preconception Environmental exposure And Childhood health Effects (PEACE) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of children aged 6-11 years whose parent(s) previously enrolled in the prospective preconception Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study. Using linear mixed models, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of 11 urinary phthalate metabolite and BPA concentrations collected prior to conception and during pregnancy with Behavioral Assessment System for Children-3 (BASC-3) T-scores (higher scores indicate more problem behaviors).
RESULTS
This analysis included 134 mothers, 87 fathers and 157 children (24 sets of twins); parents were predominantly non-Hispanic white (mothers and fathers86%). Higher maternal preconception or pregnancy monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were related to higher mean externalizing problems T-scores in their children (β = 1.3 per 1-log unit increase; 95 % CI: -0.2, 2.4 and β = 2.1, 95 % CI: 0.7, 3.6, respectively). Higher maternal preconception monocarboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) was suggested to be related to lower mean externalizing problems T-scores (β = -0.9; 95 % CI: -1.8, 0.0). Higher paternal preconception MCOP was suggestively associated with lower internalizing problems (β = -0.9; 95 %CI:-1.9, 0.1) and lower Behavioral Symptoms Index (BSI) T-scores (β = -1.3; 95 % CI: -2.1, -0.4).
CONCLUSION
In this cohort, higher maternal preconception and pregnancy MBzP were associated with worse parent-reported child behavior, while higher maternal and paternal preconception MCOP concentrations were related to lower BASC-3 scores.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Prospective Studies; Maternal Exposure; Phthalic Acids; Fathers; Child Behavior; Environmental Pollutants; Benzhydryl Compounds; Phenols
PubMed: 38088019
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108337 -
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience 2023Negative early-life experiences (e.g. having an aggressive father) can leave long-lastingimpacts on the behavior. However, it is not clear if they influence learning and...
INTRODUCTION
Negative early-life experiences (e.g. having an aggressive father) can leave long-lastingimpacts on the behavior. However, it is not clear if they influence learning and memory.
METHODS
In this study, we investigated the influences that the presence of an aggressive father had on the level of passive avoidance learning and spatial memory. We also studied the changes in the dopamine receptor D2 () and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α () gene expression in the hippocampus. Then, we evaluated if a antagonist (sulpiride, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 μg/rat) could modulate these changes.
RESULTS
We found that the subjects exposed to early-life stress made by aggressive fathers had impaired passive avoidance learning and spatial memory compared to subjects with normal fathers. Treatment with sulpiride improved passive avoidance learning and spatial memory in rats with aggressive fathers. The rats with aggressive fathers also had higher expression of the gene in their hippocampus than those with normal fathers, while the gene expression was not different among groups. Treatment with sulpiride (0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 μg/rat) reduced the gene expression in those with aggressive fathers to the normal level compared to those with normal fathers.
CONCLUSION
These data suggest that having and living in a shared place with an aggressive father, even without any physical contact, can detrimentally affect passive avoidance learning and spatial memory which is accompanied by the increased expression of the gene. Also, sulpiride as a dopaminergic antagonist could reverse this process.
HIGHLIGHTS
Having and living with an aggressive father reduced learning and memory in offspring.Having and living with an aggressive father during early life increased gene expression.Sulpiride improved learning and memory and also normalized gene expression.A combination of genetic and environmental factors may modulate learning and memory.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY
In this study, we looked at how having an aggressive father, can affect behavior in the long term. We wanted to find out if this factor influences learning and memory. To do this, we investigated how the presence of an aggressive father affected passive avoidance learning and spatial memory in subjects. We also examined specific genes in the brain, called and , which are known to be involved in learning and memory. Specifically, we wanted to see if the expression of these genes in the hippocampus (a region of the brain important for memory) was affected by having and presence of an aggressive father. To understand the role of the gene further, we used a drug called sulpiride, which blocks the action of . We administered sulpiride to the subjects with aggressive fathers to see if it could reverse any negative effects on learning and memory. What we found was that subjects that had aggressive fathers had impaired passive avoidance learning and spatial memory compared to those with normal fathers. However, when we treated the subjects with sulpiride, their learning and memory improved. Additionally, we observed that rats with aggressive fathers had higher levels of the gene in their hippocampus, while the gene expression was not different among the groups. The administration of sulpiride reduced the expression of the gene in rats with aggressive fathers, bringing it back to normal levels similar to those with normal fathers. These findings suggest that having and living in the same environment as an aggressive father, even without direct physical contact, can negatively impact passive avoidance learning and spatial memory. This effect seems to be associated with increased expression of the gene. However, using sulpiride as a dopaminergic antagonist can reverse this process and improve learning and memory in these subjects.
PubMed: 38077181
DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3464.1 -
BMC Gastroenterology Dec 2023This study aims to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection at the household level in Hainan Province in China and identify the factors that...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection at the household level in Hainan Province in China and identify the factors that contribute to its spread. The findings of this study have significant implications for public health prevention strategies in the Hainan region.
METHODS
A total of 421 families, comprising 1355 individuals, were tested for Hp infection across five cities in Hainan Province between July 2021 and April 2022. The study utilized questionnaires that included questions about personal characteristics, household shared lifestyle and dietary habits, and potential pathways of Hp infection in children to identify potential factors linked to household Hp infection and transmission patterns.
RESULTS
The prevalence of Hp infection on an individual basis was 46.72% (629/1355), with age ≥ 20 years, being married and having junior secondary education and above as risk factors for Hp infection. The prevalence of Hp infection in households was 80.29% (338/421), household size of 5, 6 and above were risk factors for Hp infection with Odds Ratios (ORs) of 4.09 (1.17-14.33) and 15.19 (2.01-114.73), respectively, household income ≥ 100,000 yuan and drinking boiled water from a tap source were protective factors for Hp infection with ORs of 0.52 (0.31-0.89) and 0.51 (0.28-0.95), respectively. The prevalence of Hp infection among minors in the household was 24.89% (58/233), with paternal infection and maternal infection as risk factors for child infection, with ORs of 2.93 (1.29-6.62) and 2.51 (1.07-5.89), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Hp infection was prevalent among Hainan families, and interaction with infected family members may be the primary cause of transmission.
Topics: Child; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Feeding Behavior; China; Surveys and Questionnaires; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38049722
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03010-z -
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2023Understanding health-seeking behaviors of caregivers is important to reduce child mortality. Several factors influence decision-making related to childhood illnesses.
BACKGROUND
Understanding health-seeking behaviors of caregivers is important to reduce child mortality. Several factors influence decision-making related to childhood illnesses.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to gather caretaker narratives to develop a comprehensive understanding of the context and process of caregiving at household level during all stages of an episode of diarrhea and pneumonia in children <5.
METHODS
Using a narrative interview approach, stories from caregivers of children <5 were collected from a rural district in Sindh Pakistan. Eleven households with children <5 were randomly selected and purposive sampling was done to interview 20 caregivers. All data collection was conducted privately in participants' homes and informed consent taken. Manual content analysis was carried out by three independent researchers and emerging themes drawn.
RESULTS
The role of joint family system is integral in making decisions and the child's paternal grandmother, is an important and trusted source of information regarding child sickness in the household. They often promote home remedies with considerable authority prior to formal consultation with the health care system. Caregivers were generally dissatisfied with doctors in the public sector who were perceived to be providing free consultation with a poor quality of care and long waiting time as compared to private doctors. Financial considerations and child support were favorably addressed in households with a joint family system.
CONCLUSION
The joint family system provides a strong support system, but also tends to reduce parental autonomy in decision-making and delay first contact with formal health providers. Prevalent home remedies, and authority of elders in the family influence management practices. Interventions for reducing improving child mortality should be cognizant of the context of decision-making and social influences at the household level.
PubMed: 38034877
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S417102 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Rates of overweight and obesity continue to grow in adolescents. Overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with numerous immediate and long-term adverse...
BACKGROUND
Rates of overweight and obesity continue to grow in adolescents. Overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with numerous immediate and long-term adverse health conditions. Throughout adolescence, parents and the family have an important and central influence on adolescents' health and lifestyle. The home environment may be a major factor in shaping children's weight. However, our current understanding of the interplay between family-related variables in adolescents with overweight or obesity is limited and fragmented. This study aimed to assess the relationship between family-related variables in adolescents who are overweight or obese using network analysis and inform future health promotion for family-based intervention.
METHODS
Participants ( = 488) were recruited from middle schools in Nanjing from October 2022 to March 2023. Participants, together with their parents, completed a questionnaire at school about the family food environment, family size, family APGAR index, family physical activity facilities, parental mental health, rearing behavior, parental weight status, drinking history, marital satisfaction, and sociodemographic characteristics.
RESULTS
The network split into three distinct communities of items. Network analysis showed that parental mental health and paternal rearing styles-rejection were the most central nodes in the network. In contrast, maternal weight status was the most peripheral and least connected nodes.
CONCLUSION
Family-related variables constituted a connected network in adolescents with overweight or obesity. The pattern of network node connections supports that interventions could prioritize targeting changing parental mental health and paternal rearing styles in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
PubMed: 38034834
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1282117 -
Addiction & Health Jul 2023Anxiety is one of the comorbid disorders of opioid addiction, which leads to opioid abuse or persuades people to engage in opioid abuse. Evidence revealed that morphine...
BACKGROUND
Anxiety is one of the comorbid disorders of opioid addiction, which leads to opioid abuse or persuades people to engage in opioid abuse. Evidence revealed that morphine exposure before conception changes the offspring's phenotype. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of morphine dependence and abstinence on anxiety-like behavior in morphine-exposed and drug-naïve offspring.
METHODS
Adult male and female rats were treated with morphine or vehicle for 21 days. Then, all rats were left without drug treatment for 10 days. A morphine-exposed female rat was mated with either a vehicle-exposed or morphine-abstinent male. According to parental morphine exposure, the offspring were categorized into four distinct groups: (1) control (both drug-naïve parents), (2) paternal morphine-exposed, (3) maternal morphine-exposed, and (4) biparental morphine-exposed. The anxiety-like behavior was measured in adult male offspring using open field and elevated plus-maze tests before morphine exposure (naïve), 21 days after morphine exposure (dependence), and ten days after the last morphine exposure (abstinence).
FINDINGS
The results indicated that anxiety-like behavior increased before morphine exposure in maternal and biparental morphine-exposed offspring (<0.05). However, after morphine exposure, the anxiety level did not change among the groups. Ten days after the last morphine exposure, anxiety-like behavior increased only in biparental morphine-exposed offspring (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The offspring of morphine-abstinent parents exhibited an anxious phenotype. Disruption of the HPA axis was seen in the progeny of maternal and biparental morphine-exposed rats. Indeed, morphine exposure for 21 days did not change anxiety-like behavior in these offspring which might be correlated to disruption of HPA axis in them.
PubMed: 38026722
DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1396 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Paternal mental health has been associated with adverse consequences on offspring psychosocial development, and family environmental factors may partly explain those...
INTRODUCTION
Paternal mental health has been associated with adverse consequences on offspring psychosocial development, and family environmental factors may partly explain those associations. To clarify this, we need comprehensive prospective studies, particularly in middle-childhood when the child enters school and is expected to make use of behavioral and cognitive skills as part of their interactions and learning.
METHOD
Using data from a sub-sample of the prospective 3D birth cohort study comprised of mother-father-child triads, and a follow-up of the parents and the children at 6-8 years of age ( = 61; 36 boys, 25 girls), we examined whether paternal anxious and depressive symptoms measured during the pregnancy period (i.e., prenatally) or concurrently when the child was assessed at 6-8 years old were associated with children's cognition/behavior.
RESULTS
In contrast to our hypotheses, we found that greater prenatal paternal depressive symptoms predicted fewer child behavioral difficulties; and that greater concurrent childhood paternal depression or anxiety symptoms were associated with higher child full-scale IQ, controlling for the equivalent maternal mental health assessment and parental education. Father parenting perception did not mediate these associations, nor were they moderated by maternal mental health at the concurrent assessment, or paternal ratings of marital relationship quality.
DISCUSSION
These findings suggest that higher symptoms of paternal mental health symptoms are associated with fewer child behavioral difficulties and higher cognitive performance in middle childhood. Potential clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
PubMed: 38022974
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1218384 -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and... Nov 2023We investigated parental attachment and prosocial behavior as social protective indicators in adolescents (age 11–17) with symptoms of depression in a clinical...
We investigated parental attachment and prosocial behavior as social protective indicators in adolescents (age 11–17) with symptoms of depression in a clinical setting. Specifically, we tested the moderating effect of these factors on the relation between symptoms of depression and their impairment on daily life. The Development and Well-Being Assessment, as completed by children, mothers, and fathers, was used, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted for these three perspectives. From the adolescents’ reports, we only found a significant effect of symptoms on impairment, indicating that a higher number of symptoms were related to higher impairment. For the mothers and fathers, a higher score on the adolescents’ prosocial behavior was related to a lower impairment from depression symptoms on the daily life of the adolescent and the family. Only for the mothers did a higher score on prosocial behavior buffer the effect of symptoms on impairment, while a higher parental attachment score was associated with a lower impairment. Further, when examining maternal and paternal attachment separately, only the mothers reported less impairment when perceiving that the adolescent was attached to the father. Paternal attachment even buffered the effect of symptoms on impairment. To conclude, our results indicate that social protective factors, from the parent’s perspective, are likely to have a beneficial effect in clinical practice and should be taken into account when examining impairment scores. Future studies should investigate whether additional protective indicators from the adolescents’ perspective, such as quality of parental attachment or family climate, may have a positive impact on their daily functioning.
PubMed: 38017555
DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00680-1