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Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021The aim of this research was to investigate the interaction of phenols and pectic polysaccharides during the olive oil extraction process. For this, pectin was extracted...
The aim of this research was to investigate the interaction of phenols and pectic polysaccharides during the olive oil extraction process. For this, pectin was extracted from fresh olive fruits and compared to the pectin isolated from the paste resulting from the extraction of the olive oil after milling with malaxation at 30 °C/30 min and subsequent centrifugation of the olive paste from the same lot of olive fruits in a system called ABENCOR (AB). The results indicate that these interactions were enhanced during the olive oil extraction process. In addition, the resulting AB extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity (ORAC) and strong antiproliferative activity in vitro against colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell lines compared to olive fruit extracts. The polyphenols associated mainly with the acidic pectin substance, with a higher content in AB extracts, seem to be responsible for these activities, and appear to maintain their activities in part after complexation. However, even in olive fruit extracts with smaller amounts of phenols in their compositions, pectic polysaccharides may also be involved in antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
PubMed: 34942961
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121858 -
Medicine Dec 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bismuth pectin capsules and bismuth pectin granules in the first-line quadruple treatment of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bismuth pectin capsules and bismuth pectin granules in the first-line quadruple treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
METHODS
This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-labelled controlled clinical trial. Patients with a H. pylori infection were randomized into 4 groups (1:1:1:1) and treated with a 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. The 4 groups received either bismuth potassium citrate capsules (220 mg), colloidal bismuth pectin capsules (200 mg), bismuth pectin granules (150 mg), or bismuth pectin granules (300 mg). The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori. The secondary outcomes included symptom improvement, patient compliance, and incidence of adverse events. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04209933).
RESULTS
A total of 240 patients were included in this study, and 211 patients completed the follow-up. An intention-to-treat analysis showed that the H. pylori eradication rates of the 4 groups were 73.3%, 76.7%, 75.0%, and 71.7%, respectively. The per-protocol analysis showed that the H. pylori eradication rates of the 4 groups were 86.3%, 82.1%, 83.3%, and 86.0%. There was no significant difference among the 4 groups in the H. pylori eradication rate (P > .05). There were also no significant differences in the symptom improvement rate, overall adverse reaction rate, or patient compliance among the 4 groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Bismuth pectin capsules and bismuth pectin granules had similar efficacy and safety for H. pylori eradication compared to bismuth potassium citrate. These data suggest that bismuth pectin can be an alternative to bismuth potassium citrate to eradicate H. pylori when using bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bismuth; Capsules; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Potassium Citrate; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34918639
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027923 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Oct 2021Melanoma is derived from malignancies of melanocytes. Anorectal melanoma differs significantly from cutaneous melanoma in clinical presentation, genetic profile, staging...
Melanoma is derived from malignancies of melanocytes. Anorectal melanoma differs significantly from cutaneous melanoma in clinical presentation, genetic profile, staging system, and response to treatment. Anorectal melanoma is seldom diagnosed because most melanoma occurrences are found in the skin tissues. Here, we report 1 case of advanced anorectal melanoma, including its clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging, surgical treatment, and pathology. The patient complained of hematochezia and tenesmus. Colonoscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan and digital rectal examination (DRE) revealed a mass near the pectinate line. The patient underwent proctectomy along with colostomy, and subsequent pathological examinations suggested anorectal melanoma with serosa involvement (positive markers: S100, HMB-45, etc.). Evidence-based analyses (single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression) were conducted on the tumor tissue to identify the sensitivity to adjuvant therapies. SNP tests suggested no definite efficacies of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, with PD-L1 expression implying poor sensitivity to PD-L1 inhibitors. The postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged on day 7 after admission. However, the patient refused adjuvant therapies and died 11 months after surgery. In conclusion, anorectal melanoma tends to be mistaken for other common diseases in this region owing to its non-specific clinical presentations. Multidisciplinary treatments are recommended to yield the best possible outcome, despite poor prognosis.
Topics: Anus Neoplasms; B7-H1 Antigen; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Melanoma; Precision Medicine; Rectal Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34763479
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-2240 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Dec 2021
Erratum to "The predominant role of pectin in binding Cd in the root cell wall of a high Cd accumulating rice line (Oryza sativa L.)" [Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 206C (2020) 111210].
PubMed: 34628154
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112873 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Dec 2021Exploring the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Cd-safe rice lines is beneficial for ensuring rice safety. D62B, a Cd-safe rice line, accumulates less than...
Exploring the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Cd-safe rice lines is beneficial for ensuring rice safety. D62B, a Cd-safe rice line, accumulates less than 0.2 mg Cd kg in the brown rice due to strong capacity of Cd retention in the roots, and the root cell wall (RCW) polysaccharides play important roles. However, specific underlying mechanism of Cd binding on the polysaccharides is little known. In this study, the role of polysaccharides, especially pectin and hemicellulose 1 (HC1), in RCW of D62B was investigated by adsorption experiments and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis compared with a common rice line (Luhui17). Cadmium was adsorbed on RCW of two rice lines by a multilayer and inhomogeneous chemisorption way with the force of ion transfer or exchange. Cadmium was adsorbed on RCW rapidly at first stage with the limit of internal and external diffusion, and gradually reached saturation. With the removal of pectin, the Cd adsorption rate, maximum Cd adsorption amount and the shift degree of carboxyl groups in the RCW of D62B sharply decreased, which showed advantages compared with Luhui17. Sequential removal of HC1 further decreased the maximum Cd adsorption amount and the shift degree of hydroxyl groups. The results showed that more available functional groups, especially carboxyl groups in pectin and hydroxyl groups in HC1, contributed to Cd immobilization within the RCW of Cd-safe rice line, thus limiting Cd translocation to the shoot and reducing Cd accumulation in the brown rice.
Topics: Cadmium; Cell Wall; Oryza; Plant Roots; Polysaccharides; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 34592527
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112818 -
Protective, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Grapefruit IntegroPectin on SH-SY5Y Cells.International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Tested in vitro on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, grapefruit IntegroPectin is a powerful protective, antioxidant and antiproliferative agent. The strong antioxidant...
Tested in vitro on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, grapefruit IntegroPectin is a powerful protective, antioxidant and antiproliferative agent. The strong antioxidant properties of this new citrus pectin, and its ability to preserve mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology, severely impaired in neurodegenerative disorders, make it an attractive therapeutic and preventive agent for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated brain disorders. Similarly, the ability of this pectic polymer rich in RG-I regions, as well as in naringin, linalool, linalool oxide and limonene adsorbed at the outer surface, to inhibit cell proliferation or even kill, at high doses, neoplastic cells may have opened up new therapeutic strategies in cancer research. In order to take full advantage of its vast therapeutic and preventive potential, detailed studies of the molecular mechanism involved in the antiproliferative and neuroprotective of this IntegroPectin are urgently needed.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Citrus paradisi; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Neuroblastoma; Neuroprotective Agents; Pectins; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 34502276
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179368 -
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Jun 2022Large amounts of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which are predominately localized in hypoxia area of the tumor tissue, are associated with the malignant progression...
Large amounts of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which are predominately localized in hypoxia area of the tumor tissue, are associated with the malignant progression of the tumor. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of modified citrus pectin (MCP), a natural dietary polysaccharide, on the survival and polarization of TAM in relation to its inhibition on the growth and migration of breast cancer. M2 macrophages polarized from human monocyte THP-1 were chosen as a model for TAM. We showed that MCP (0.06%-1%) concentration-dependently suppressed the survival of TAM through inhibiting glucose uptake with a greater extent in hypoxia than in normoxia. Furthermore, MCP treatment decreased ROS level in TAM through its reducibility and inhibiting galectin-3 expression, leading to inhibition of glucose transporter-1 expression and glucose uptake. In addition, MCP suppressed M2-like polarization via inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, the tumor-promoting effect of TAM could be restrained by MCP treatment as shown in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in mouse breast cancer 4T1-luc orthotopic and metastasis models. In both tumor tissue and lung tissue of the mouse tumor models, the number of TAM was significantly decreased after MCP treatment. Taken together, MCP may be a promising agent for targeting TAM in tumor hypoxic microenvironment for breast cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoxia; Mice; Pectins; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor-Associated Macrophages
PubMed: 34462562
DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00748-8 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2021Gall formation on the belowground parts of plants infected with is the result of extensive host cellular reprogramming. The development of these structures is a...
Gall formation on the belowground parts of plants infected with is the result of extensive host cellular reprogramming. The development of these structures is a consequence of increased cell proliferation followed by massive enlargement of cells colonized with the pathogen. Drastic changes in cellular growth patterns create local deformities in the roots and hypocotyl giving rise to mechanical tensions within the tissue of these organs. Host cell wall extensibility and recomposition accompany the growth of the gall and influence pathogen spread and also pathogen life cycle progression. Demethylation of pectin within the extracellular matrix may play an important role in -driven hypertrophy of host underground organs. Through proteomic analysis of the cell wall, we identified proteins accumulating in the galls developing on the underground parts of plants infected with . One of the key proteins identified was the pectin methylesterase (PME18); we further characterized its expression and conducted functional and anatomic studies in the knockout mutant and used Raman spectroscopy to study the status of pectin in -infected galls. We found that late stages of gall formation are accompanied with increased levels of PME18. We have also shown that the massive enlargement of cells colonized with coincides with decreases in pectin methylation. In knockout mutants, could still induce demethylation; however, the galls in this line were smaller and cellular expansion was less pronounced. Alteration in pectin demethylation in the host resulted in changes in pathogen distribution and slowed down disease progression. To conclude, -driven host organ hypertrophy observed during clubroot disease is accompanied by pectin demethylation in the extracellular matrix. The pathogen hijacks endogenous host mechanisms involved in cell wall loosening to create an optimal cellular environment for completion of its life cycle and eventual release of resting spores facilitated by degradation of demethylated pectin polymers.
PubMed: 34394168
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.711838 -
Case Reports in Surgery 2021A 91-year-old man had a node and erythema in the anal area resistant to treatment. A biopsy of the node in the anus showed atypical cells developing as Paget's disease,...
A 91-year-old man had a node and erythema in the anal area resistant to treatment. A biopsy of the node in the anus showed atypical cells developing as Paget's disease, and staining revealed that the cells were CK7-positive, CK20-positive, and GCDFP15-negative. Therefore, tumor invasion with pagetoid spread (PS) from the anus to the skin was suspected, and the patient was referred to our department for a close examination and surgical treatment. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed edematous, hemorrhagic mucosa in the anal canal, and he was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma via a biopsy. Additionally, redness and swelling with white moss were observed on the skin around the anus. Biopsy showed that Paget cells were diffusely present in the epithelium, and an image of squamous cell carcinoma directly under the epithelium was obtained. Taken together, the patient was diagnosed with the invasion of anal canal cancer with PS to the skin, and we performed laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and skin carcinoma resection in the perineum. The histopathological analysis showed adenocarcinoma invading the external anal sphincter and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the vicinity of the pectinate line of the anal canal. Pagetoid spread of the adenocarcinoma was observed in the epidermis, and the open portion was slightly invaded up to the rectal mucosa. The anal skin region of the adenocarcinoma partially continued to the hair follicles, and it was complicated by squamous cell carcinoma invading the dermis. There are a few reports of anal canal cancer with PS, and the coexistence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, as seen in the present case, is rare. We report our case together with relevant literature.
PubMed: 34381623
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9944886 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Sep 2021Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated...
SCOPE
Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated inflammation. The dietary fiber pectin is shown to prevent this intestinal inflammation through direct inhibition of TLR2 in a microbiota-independent manner. Recent in vitro studies show that inhibition of TLR2 is determined by the number and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and the degree of blockiness (DB) of pectins determine attenuating efficacy on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Four structurally different pectins that differed in DM and DB are tested on inhibitory effects on murine TLR2 in vitro, and on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. These data demonstrate that low DM pectins or intermediate DM pectins with high DB have the strongest inhibitory impact on murine TLR2-1 and the strongest attenuating effect on TLR2-induced apoptosis and peritonitis. Intermediate DM pectin with a low DB is, however, also effective in preventing the induction of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage.
CONCLUSION
These pectin structures with stronger TLR2-inhibiting properties may prevent the development of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment with doxorubicin.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxorubicin; Esterification; Female; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mucositis; Pectins; Peritonitis; Structure-Activity Relationship; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Mice
PubMed: 34268870
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100222