-
Ecancermedicalscience 2023Anorectal melanoma is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose highly malignant cancer with a poor prognosis. The treatment usually involves surgery and often includes adjuvants...
Anorectal melanoma is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose highly malignant cancer with a poor prognosis. The treatment usually involves surgery and often includes adjuvants such as radiation therapy and immunotherapy. We present a case of a 77-year-old Peruvian who was eventually diagnosed with this cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic, which complicated her treatment and allowed the cancer to spread. Her treatment included abdominoperineal resection, bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, left internal iliac vein raffia and end colostomy, followed by 3D radiation therapy (50 Gy, 25 sessions) and systemic treatment with nivolumab, all of which were well tolerated. The patient was alive as of 20 August 2023, having survived for more than 3 years since the onset of symptoms.
PubMed: 38414935
DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1610 -
Gynecologic Oncology Reports Apr 2024Lymphatic ascites is a postoperative complication of lymph node dissection. Most symptomatic cases improve with conservative treatments. However, optimal management...
Lymphatic ascites is a postoperative complication of lymph node dissection. Most symptomatic cases improve with conservative treatments. However, optimal management strategies for intractable lymphatic ascites remain controversial, and clinicians sometimes encounter intractable lymphatic ascites that does not respond to conservative management. We herein report a case of postoperative intractable lymphatic ascites that was successfully treated with intranodal lymphangiography (LG) from inguinal lymph nodes under microsurgery. A 56-year-old woman was diagnosed with stage II endometrial cancer and underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and -aortic lymphadenectomies. On postoperative day (POD) 13, the patient presented with abdominal distention, and lymphatic ascites was diagnosed. Although the patient was treated with conservative management and lymphaticovenular anastomosis, her lymphatic ascites did not resolve. Finally, intranodal LG from the inguinal region was performed under microsurgery. A 2-cm incision was made on each side of the inguinal region. Once the lymph nodes were identified, a 23-gauge needle was inserted into the lymph node and lipiodol was injected. Extravasation of lipiodol into the abdomen from the left side of the lower pelvic region was confirmed. The postoperative course was uneventful. The ascites gradually decreased and disappeared within two weeks after LG.
PubMed: 38404911
DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101346 -
Gynecologic Oncology Reports Apr 2024To report the first uterine transposition for fertility preservation in a patient with vulvar cancer.Case: A 26-year-old nulliparous patient with stage IIIB vulvar...
OBJECTIVE
To report the first uterine transposition for fertility preservation in a patient with vulvar cancer.Case: A 26-year-old nulliparous patient with stage IIIB vulvar cancer, which was resected with adequate margins and bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy.Laparoscopic transposition of the uterus to the upper abdomen, outside of the scope of radiation was performed to preserve fertility and ovarian function. After the end of radiotherapy, the uterus was repositioned into the pelvis.Main Outcome Measure: Uterine and ovarian function preservation.
RESULT
The patient recovered her menstrual cycles spontaneously 1 month after the reimplantation and exhibited normal variation in ovarian hormones.Twelve months after the surgery, the uterus was normal and there was no sign of recurrent disease.
CONCLUSION
Uterine transposition might represent a valid option for fertility preservation in women who require pelvic radiotherapy. However, studies that assess its viability, effectiveness, and safety are required.
PubMed: 38404910
DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101337 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Feb 2024Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is commonly performed alongside radical prostatectomy. Its primary objective is to determine the lymphatic staging of prostate tumors... (Review)
Review
Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is commonly performed alongside radical prostatectomy. Its primary objective is to determine the lymphatic staging of prostate tumors by removing lymph nodes involved in lymphatic drainage. This aids in guiding subsequent treatment and removing metastatic foci, potentially offering significant therapeutic benefits. Despite varying recommendations from clinical practice guidelines across countries, the actual implementation of PLND is inconsistent, partly due to debates over its therapeutic value. While high-quality evidence supporting the superiority of PLND in oncological outcomes is lacking, its role in increasing surgical time and risk of complications is well-recognized. Despite these concerns, PLND remains the gold standard for lymph node staging in prostate cancer, providing invaluable staging information unattainable by other techniques. This article reviews PLND's scope, guideline perspectives, implementation status, oncologic and non-oncologic outcomes, alternatives, and future research needs.
Topics: Male; Humans; Pelvis; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatectomy
PubMed: 38403658
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03344-2 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jun 2024Anatomical and functional aspects of the lymphatic drainage of the uterine corpus in endometrial cancer are demonstrated. Main lymphatic pathway runs along the upper... (Review)
Review
Anatomical and functional aspects of the lymphatic drainage of the uterine corpus in endometrial cancer are demonstrated. Main lymphatic pathway runs along the upper pelvic pathway from the uterine artery first line to the medial external iliac nodes, followed by the lateral external and common iliac node basin. The second important pathway runs along the ovarian vessels directly to the paraaortic nodes. Pathways may visualized best by injection of indocyanine green (ICG) into the uterus. In contrast to the upper pelvic pathway visualized by cervical injection, the paraaortic drainage can only be marked by corporal injection. Lymphatic drainage works downstream (peripheral to central, with respect to vascular valves) only. Clinically, pelvic sentinel node excision replaced systematic lymphadenectomy for diagnostic purposes and even paraaortic node staging can be omitted in most of pelvic node negative patients. For therapeutic purposes compartmental resection of the uterus together with its lymphovascular system and first line nodes "en bloc" could be an option as performed in peritoneal mesometrial resection/targeted compartmental lymphadenctomy (PMMR/TCL).
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometrial Neoplasms; Sentinel Lymph Node; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Indocyanine Green; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Coloring Agents; Pelvis; Uterus; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Vessels
PubMed: 38401483
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102483 -
Vaccines Jan 2024Bladder cancer, a common malignancy of the urinary system, is routinely treated with radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical excision. However, these strategies have... (Review)
Review
Bladder cancer, a common malignancy of the urinary system, is routinely treated with radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical excision. However, these strategies have inherent limitations and may also result in various side effects. Immunotherapy has garnered considerable attention in recent years as a novel therapeutic approach. It harnesses and activates the patient's immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, which not only prolongs therapeutic efficacy but also minimizes the toxic side effects. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines have been developed for the treatment of bladder cancer. Whereas blocking immune checkpoints on the surface of tumor cells augments the effect of immune cells, immunization with tumor-specific antigens can elicit the production of anti-tumor immune effector cells. However, there are several challenges in applying immunotherapy against bladder cancer. For instance, the efficacy of immunotherapy varies considerably across individual patients, and only a small percentage of cancer patients are responsive. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that can predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. Pelvic lymph nodes are routinely dissected from bladder cancer patients during surgical intervention in order to remove any metastatic tumor cells. However, some studies indicate that pelvic lymph node dissection may reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy by damaging the immune cells. Therefore, the decision to undertake pelvic lymph node removal should be incumbent on the clinical characteristics of individual patients. Thus, although immunotherapy has the advantages of lower toxic side effects and long-lasting efficacy, its application in bladder cancer still faces challenges, such as the lack of predictive biomarkers and the effects of pelvic lymph node dissection. Further research is needed to explore these issues in order to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for bladder cancer.
PubMed: 38400134
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020150 -
BMC Cancer Feb 2024This study assesses the metastasis rate of the key distal lymph nodes (KDLN) that are not routinely dissected in proximal gastrectomy, aiming to explore the oncological...
PURPOSE
This study assesses the metastasis rate of the key distal lymph nodes (KDLN) that are not routinely dissected in proximal gastrectomy, aiming to explore the oncological safety of proximal gastrectomy for upper gastric cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
METHODS
We analyzed a cohort of 150 patients with proximal locally advanced gastric cancer (cT3/4 before chemotherapy) from two high-volume cancer centers in China who received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. Metastasis rate of the KDLN (No.5/6/12a) and the risk factors were analyzed.
RESULTS
Key distal lymph node metastasis was detected in 10% (15/150) of patients, with a metastasis rate of 6% (9/150) in No. 5 lymph nodes, 6.7% (10/150) in No. 6 lymph nodes, and 2.7% (2/75) in No. 12a lymph nodes. The therapeutic value index of KDLN as one entity is 5.8. Tumor length showed no correlation with KDLN metastasis, while tumor regression grade (TRG) emerged as an independent risk factor (OR: 1.47; p-value: 0.04). Of those with TRG3 (no response to NAC), 80% (12/15) was found with KDLN metastasis.
CONCLUSION
For cT3/4 proximal locally advanced gastric cancer patients, the risk of KDLN metastasis remains notably high even after NAC. Therefore, proximal gastrectomy is not recommended; instead, total gastrectomy with thorough distal lymphadenectomy is the preferred surgical approach.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Retrospective Studies; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Gastrectomy; Lymphatic Metastasis
PubMed: 38395845
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11993-5 -
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Mar 2024This fifth revised version of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer incorporates recent research findings...
This fifth revised version of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer incorporates recent research findings and changes in treatment strategies based on version 4.0 released in 2020. Each key question was developed by focusing on recent notable insights and crucial contemporary issues in the field of cervical cancer. These questions were evaluated for their significance and impact on the current treatment and were finalized through voting by the development committee. The selected key questions were as follows: the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors as first- or second-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer; the oncologic safety of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy in early stage cervical cancer; the efficacy and safety of adjuvant systemic treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer; and the oncologic safety of sentinel lymph node mapping compared to pelvic lymph node dissection. The recommendations, directions, and strengths of this guideline were based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and were finally confirmed through public hearings and external reviews. In this study, we describe the revised practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer.
Topics: Female; Humans; Chemoradiotherapy; Hysterectomy; Lymph Node Excision; Neoplasm Staging; Republic of Korea; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 38389404
DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e44 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2024The ectopic pelvic kidney, a common renal anomaly, is often smaller and malformed, with a shorter and sometimes tortuous ureter (1). Muscle-invasive bladder cancer...
BACKGROUND
The ectopic pelvic kidney, a common renal anomaly, is often smaller and malformed, with a shorter and sometimes tortuous ureter (1). Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), constituting 15-25% of bladder cancer cases (2), mandates radical cystectomy with a 50% 5-year survival rate (2). Despite the growing use of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) (3, 4), there is limited data on its application in ectopic kidneys. Only one RARC case has been reported (5), in contrast to numerous open radical cystectomies (1, 6) involving an ectopic kidney.
PATIENT AND METHODS
After being diagnosed with T2 high-grade urothelial carcinoma, the 66-year-old patient, previously treated with multiple transurethral resections and adjuvant BCG therapy, received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative staging CT revealed a 2.6 x 2.2 cm bladder neoformation and an ectopic right pelvic kidney.
RESULTS
Using the da Vinci Surgical System, radical cystectomy with ileal conduit (sec Wallace II) and lymphadenectomy were performed. During the demolition phase, the shorter right ureter was dissected with care to avoid damage to the renal pedicle. The reconstructive phase included intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) and uretero-ileal anastomosis, facilitated by the favorable position of the kidney. The 8-hour console surgery resulted in minimal blood loss. Discharged on day 16 due to COVID-19, the patient exhibited positive outcomes. A 2-month CT follow-up revealed no cancer recurrence, metastasis, hydronephrosis, and complete regression of the lymphocele. Imaging follow-up continues without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION
Robotic surgery with intracorporeal urinary diversion holds potential for right-sided pelvic kidney cases, but additional studies are necessary for validation.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cystectomy; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Feasibility Studies; Robotics; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Kidney; Urinary Diversion
PubMed: 38386794
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0608 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Oct 2023Our study investigated the lymph node (LN) features most affecting survival in endometrial adenocancer (EAC) patients with LN involvement.
AIM
Our study investigated the lymph node (LN) features most affecting survival in endometrial adenocancer (EAC) patients with LN involvement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study was based on a review of the records of patients diagnosed with EAC, who underwent hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy at the gynecologic oncology clinics of three centers between January 2009 and January 2019.
RESULTS
A total of 120 stage IIIC endometrioid-type EAC patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into small (<10 mm) and large (≥10 mm) groups according to the size of the largest metastatic LN. Patients were divided into single and multiple metastasis groups according to the number of metastatic LNs. The patients were divided into pelvic and paraaortic groups according to the location of the metastatic LNs. The effects of prognostic factors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Large-sized metastatic LNs were an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.-26.2; P = 0.035) and OS (HR = 9.0, 95% CI: 1.1-68.0; P = 0.033). The number (P = 0.093 for DFS, P = 0.911 for OS) and location (P = 0.217 for DFS, P = 0.124 for OS) of metastatic LNs were not independent prognostic factors for DFS or OS.
CONCLUSIONS
Large-sized metastatic LNs were an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with stage IIIC EAC. Larger prospective studies including similar patient populations are required to verify these findings.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38376286
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2378_21