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Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Sep 2022() is a large intestinal flagellated protozoan infecting humans. Little is known about the epidemiology of in Egypt, its association with gastrointestinal symptoms and...
() is a large intestinal flagellated protozoan infecting humans. Little is known about the epidemiology of in Egypt, its association with gastrointestinal symptoms and the co-infection with other parasites. Demographic and clinical data were collected from 180 school-aged children. Parasitological examination of fecal samples was done using direct wet mount, formalin ethyl-acetate, Kato-Katz and cultivation on Jones' medium to detect and associated parasitic infection. The diagnosis of was confirmed using Giemsa stain and scanning electron microscopy. The prevalence of was 13.8% (25 out of 180 children). The prevalence of parasitic co-infection was significantly higher in infected (84%, 21 participants) than in non-infected children (56%, 87 participants). The presence of abdominal pain and diarrhea in infected children was higher than in non-infected children (84% and 32% vs. 76% and 18%), respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. This is the first report of in Egypt. The significant association between and other intestinal parasites need more investigations. Further studies are needed to understand the epidemiology and pathogenicity of .
PubMed: 36091265
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01506-1 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming more common in both bacteria and pathogenic protozoa. Therefore, new solutions are being sought as alternatives to currently...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming more common in both bacteria and pathogenic protozoa. Therefore, new solutions are being sought as alternatives to currently used agents. There are many new ideas and solutions, especially compounds of natural origin, including essential oils. In the present study, the antiprotozoal activity of a mixture of essential oils (eucalyptus, lavender, cedar and tea tree), organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid) and metal ions (Cu, Zn, Mn) were tested. As a model, protozoans were selected: , , , , . The tested concentrations of mixtures were in the range of 0.001-1.5%. The analyses show unexpected, very strong protozoicidal activity of combinations, presenting the synergy of compounds via determination of LD and LD values. Obtained mixtures showed significantly higher activity against protozoans, compared to chloramphenicol and metronidazole. Most of the analyzed samples show high antiprotozoal activity at very low concentration, in the range of 0.001-0.009%. The most effective combinations for all analyzed protozoans were the cedar essential oil and tea tree essential oil with a mixture of acids and manganese or zinc ions. Innovative combinations of essential oils, organic acids and metal ions are characterized by very high antiprotozoal activity at low doses, which, after further investigation, can be applicable for control of protozoan pathogens.
PubMed: 35884167
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070913 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2022The parabasalid Pentatrichomonas hominis is generally considered to represent a symbiotic component of the gastrointestinal microbiota in a wide variety of vertebrate...
The parabasalid Pentatrichomonas hominis is generally considered to represent a symbiotic component of the gastrointestinal microbiota in a wide variety of vertebrate hosts including humans. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies have raised the possibility that it may act as a pathogen of humans, dogs, and pigs and that some human infections may have a zoonotic origin. Data from North America revealed an association between P. hominis and the bovine urogenital tract, principally in bulls and rarely in cows. The importance of this observation is linked to possible interference in the accurate diagnosis of the economically important venereal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus. The current study employed culture-based and molecular methods to examine the preputial cavities of four breeding bulls, raised in open pasture in southeastern Brazil, for the presence of trichomonads. Motile protozoa were isolated from three of the bulls and were definitively identified as P. hominis based on nucleotide sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons derived from the ribosomal RNA operon (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) of the parasite. The potential implications of these findings for bovine and human health are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Swine Diseases; Trichomonas; Tritrichomonas foetus
PubMed: 35792757
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612022034 -
Integrative Zoology Jul 2022The overall infection rate of Pentatrichomonas hominis in Siberian tigers in northeast China is 31.3%. All the P. hominis identified in Siberian tigers belonged to...
The overall infection rate of Pentatrichomonas hominis in Siberian tigers in northeast China is 31.3%. All the P. hominis identified in Siberian tigers belonged to genotype CC1.
Topics: Animals; China; Prevalence; Tigers
PubMed: 35064641
DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12629 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2021Pentatrichomonas hominis inhabits the digestive tracts of several vertebrates, such as humans, monkeys, pigs, dogs, cats and rats. This protozoan was originally...
BACKGROUND
Pentatrichomonas hominis inhabits the digestive tracts of several vertebrates, such as humans, monkeys, pigs, dogs, cats and rats. This protozoan was originally considered a commensal of the digestive tract but has subsequently been identified as a potential zoonotic parasite and a causative agent of diarrhoea. Molecular techniques are considered more sensitive and specific to detect P. hominis. This study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of P. hominis in animals in Thailand. A total of 403 faecal samples were collected from 119 cats, 55 dogs, 73 goats, 35 monkeys, 55 cattle and 66 pigs, and the presence of P. hominis was determined using the nested polymerase chain reaction method. Sequence analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes was used to determine the genotype of the organism.
RESULTS
Twenty-six samples (26/403, 6.45%) were positive for P. hominis. The highest prevalence was found in cats (21/119; 17.65%), followed by cattle (3/55; 5.45%) and dogs (2/55; 3.64%). Seven out of 26 nucleotides demonstrated 100% sequence identity with existing sequences; additionally, 16 novel sequence patterns were identified. All nucleotide sequences of P. hominis-positive samples were shown in the same branch with the previously described P. hominis sequences found in humans, dogs and goat.
CONCLUSION
This is the first study on P. hominis infections in animals in Thailand. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of P. hominis was significantly higher in cats than in cattle and dogs. Cats were the main reservoir host; however, P. hominis can infect several kinds of animals. Therefore, the proper waste management of animals is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Cattle; Cercopithecidae; Dogs; Goats; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Swine; Thailand; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 34078384
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02904-y -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2020Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is...
Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is considered as non-pathogenic protozoa in many kinds of mammals, it has the potential for zoonotic transmission. T. foetus has been recognized as the emerging causative agent of diarrhea in cats without the risk of zoonotic transmission. As pet shops are the major source of young companion animals, the present study discusses the molecular prevalence of P. hominis and T. foetus from 544 pet shop puppies and 409 kittens. The results suggest that the prevalence of P. hominis (puppies: 7.0%; kittens: 0.5%) and T. foetus (puppies: 0%; kittens: 2.4%) in pet shop young animals are low. In addition, the infections of P. hominis and T. foetus are not always associated with the clinical signs (soft or diarrhea feces).
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Female; Japan; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Trichomonadida; Tritrichomonas foetus; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33237191
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612020098 -
Parasites & Vectors Aug 2019Pentatrichomonas hominis is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans. Although several protozoans have been proposed to have a role in cancer...
BACKGROUND
Pentatrichomonas hominis is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans. Although several protozoans have been proposed to have a role in cancer progression, little is known about the epidemiology of P. hominis infection in cancer patients.
METHODS
To determine the prevalence of P. hominis in patients with digestive system malignancies, we collected 195 and 142 fecal samples from gastrointestinal cancer patients and residents without any complaints related to the digestive system, respectively. Each sample was detected for the presence of P. hominis by nested PCR amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial 18S rRNA gene.
RESULTS
A significantly higher prevalence of P. hominis was found in cancer patients than that in the control population (41.54 vs 9.15%, χ = 42.84, df = 1, P < 0.001), resulting in a 6.75-fold risk of gastrointestinal cancers (OR: 6.75, 95% CI: 3.55-12.83, P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of P. hominis infection was detected in small intestine cancer patients (60%, OR: 14.88, 95% CI: 0.82-4.58, P = 0.009) followed by liver (57.14%, χ = 10.82, df = 1, P = 0.001) and stomach cancer patients (45.1%, χ = 31.95, df = 1, P < 0.001). In addition, phylogenetic analysis provided some evidence supporting that human P. hominis infection might derive from animal sources.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this study is the first report presenting the high association between P. hominis and gastrointestinal cancers. Nevertheless, whether there is any possible pathological role of P. hominis infection in cancer patients needs to be further elucidated.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; DNA, Intergenic; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 31462294
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3684-4 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2019Tritrichomonas foetus is a parasite that has been definitively identified as an agent of trichomonosis, a disease characterized by chronic diarrhea. T. foetus colonizes... (Review)
Review
Tritrichomonas foetus is a parasite that has been definitively identified as an agent of trichomonosis, a disease characterized by chronic diarrhea. T. foetus colonizes portions of the feline large intestine, and manifests as chronic and recurrent diarrhea with mucus and fresh blood, which is often unresponsive to common drugs. Diagnosis of a trichomonad infection is made by either the demonstration of the trophozoite on a direct fecal smear, fecal culture and subsequent microscopic examination of the parasite, or extraction of DNA in feces and amplification by the use of molecular tools. T. foetus is commonly misidentified as other flagellate protozoa such as Giardia duodenalis and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Without proper treatment, the diarrhea may resolve spontaneously in months to years, but cats can remain carriers of the parasite. This paper intends to serve as a source of information for investigators and veterinarians, reviewing the most important aspects of feline trichomonosis, such as trichomonad history, biology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, world distribution, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; DNA, Protozoan; Diarrhea; Feces; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Risk Factors; Tritrichomonas foetus
PubMed: 30892464
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612019005 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2018In pigs, several different trichomonad species such as , and have been described as inhabiting the digestive tract. However, little information is available on the...
BACKGROUND
In pigs, several different trichomonad species such as , and have been described as inhabiting the digestive tract. However, little information is available on the epidemiology of these neglected parasites in the Chinese pig population.
METHODS
The prevalence of , and among 500 fecal specimens from pigs at seven pigs farms in Anhui Province in China between Oct and Dec 2014, was determined by PCR and DNA sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates for , and were 2.8% (14/500), 42.0% (210/500) and 7.8% (39/500), respectively. Mixed infections of two or three trichomonads were detected in 24 samples. The prevalence of the three trichomonads differed significantly between some age groups, with higher infection rates of and in nursery pigs and in preweaned pigs. The SSU rRNA sequences from and showed 100% homology with their respective homologous database sequences. However, we observed minor allelic variations in the SSU rRNA sequences from , and the five representative sequences identified were named firstly as types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Moreover, type 1 was found to be dominant in the present study.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the potential risk posed by pigs in the transmission of trichomonad infections to humans and other animals.
PubMed: 30697314
DOI: No ID Found -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Jun 2018We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and...
We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and microscopically during routine parasitological examinations. Samples were then evaluated by Native-Lugol and formol-ethyl acetate centrifugation method. To exclude other pathogenic bacterial agents, a bacteriological culture method was applied. Samples were evaluated using a qualitative immunochromatographic test kit for rotavirus and adenovirus. We presented three cases of 77-year-old and 10-year-old male and 9-year-old female patients. Cases 1 and 2 were admitted to the hospital with complaints of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weakness in July 2013. Leukocytes and active P. hominis trophozoites were detected. No bacterial and other parasitic and viral agents were found in their stool specimens. Oral metronidazole treatments were administered to the patients. In Case 3, P. hominis trophozoites were detected in the cellophane band in the plastic locked bag which could survive for 48 hduring a field survey in May 2012. Case 3 was contacted and advised to visit a pediatrician. P. hominis is a rare parasitic zoonosis, and we believe that it should not be ignored among diarrheal agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Animals; Antitrichomonal Agents; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 30070647
DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.4846