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BMC Geriatrics Apr 2022Aging generates changes in the gut microbiota, affecting its functionality. Little is known about gut microbiota in critically ill older adults. The objective of this... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Aging generates changes in the gut microbiota, affecting its functionality. Little is known about gut microbiota in critically ill older adults. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of gut microbiota in a cohort of critically ill older adults.
METHODS
This observational study was conducted in five health institutions. Over a 6-month study period, critically ill patients over 18 years old who were admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled. Fecal microbiota profiles were determined from 155 individuals, over 60 years old (n = 72) and under 60 years old (n = 83). Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Alpha and beta diversity, operational taxonomic units and the interaction of gut microbiota with variables under study were analyzed. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) specifically associated with age were recovered by including gender, discharge condition, BMI, ICU stay and antibiotics as covariates in a linear mixed model.
RESULTS
In older adults, sepsis, malnutrition, antibiotic prescription and severity (APACHE and SOFA scores) were higher than in the group under 60 years of age. Alpha diversity showed lower gut microbiota diversity in those over 60 years of age (p < 0.05); beta diversity evidenced significant differences between the groups (PERMANOVA = 1.19, p = 0.038). The microbiota of the adults under 60 years old showed greater abundance of Murdochiella, Megasphaera, Peptoniphilus and Ezakiella, whereas those over 60 years old Escherichia-Shigella and Hungatella were more abundant.
CONCLUSION
The gut microbial community was altered by different factors; however, age significantly explained the variability in critically ill patients. A lower presence of beneficial genera and a higher abundance of pathogens was observed in adults over 60 years old.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Critical Illness; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35484500
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02981-0 -
European Urology Oncology Aug 2022Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been reported.
OBJECTIVE
To provide improved characterisation of the prostate and urine microbiome and to investigate the prognostic potential of the bacteria present.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Microbiome profiles were interrogated in sample collections of patient urine (sediment microscopy: n = 318, 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing: n = 46; and extracellular vesicle RNA-seq: n = 40) and cancer tissue (n = 204).
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Microbiomes were assessed using anaerobic culture, population-level 16S analysis, RNA-seq, and whole genome DNA sequencing.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
We demonstrate an association between the presence of bacteria in urine sediments and higher D'Amico risk prostate cancer (discovery, n = 215 patients, p < 0.001; validation, n = 103, p < 0.001, χ test for trend). Characterisation of the bacterial community led to the (1) identification of four novel bacteria (Porphyromonas sp. nov., Varibaculum sp. nov., Peptoniphilus sp. nov., and Fenollaria sp. nov.) that were frequently found in patient urine, and (2) definition of a patient subgroup associated with metastasis development (p = 0.015, log-rank test). The presence of five specific anaerobic genera, which includes three of the novel isolates, was associated with cancer risk group, in urine sediment (p = 0.045, log-rank test), urine extracellular vesicles (p = 0.039), and cancer tissue (p = 0.035), with a meta-analysis hazard ratio for disease progression of 2.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.39-4.85; p = 0.003; Cox regression). A limitation is that functional links to cancer development are not yet established.
CONCLUSIONS
This study characterises prostate and urine microbiomes, and indicates that specific anaerobic bacteria genera have prognostic potential.
PATIENT SUMMARY
In this study, we investigated the presence of bacteria in patient urine and the prostate. We identified four novel bacteria and suggest a potential prognostic utility for the microbiome in prostate cancer.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35450835
DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.03.006 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2022Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that brings life-long and psychological distress to patients. It remains unclear whether this...
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that brings life-long and psychological distress to patients. It remains unclear whether this condition is related to changes in the skin microbial community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compositional characteristics of the vulvar skin microbiota between VLS patients and asymptomatic postmenopausal women. We included 60 cases of postmenopausal patients in the outpatient vulvar clinic of Peking University First Hospital from August 2020 to October 2020. Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with VLS by vulvar skin biopsy (VLS group), while 29 women were asymptomatic volunteers (control group). DNA was extracted from vulvar skin swabs of the VLS and control groups. The V3-V4 fragments of 16S rRNA were targeted for high-throughput sequencing and gene sequence analysis. The sequencing results were analysed by diversity, diversity, species composition, LEfSe analysis to compare the compositional differences of the vulvar skin microbiota between the two groups. Our study revealed that at the phylum level, patients with VLS had a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes ( < 0.0001) and a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria than the control group ( < 0.0001). At the genus level, spp. accounted for the largest proportion of the microflora in the asymptomatic controls, while the proportion of spp. in the VLS group was the highest. In the VLS group, the relative abundance of spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp. spp., spp., and spp. was significantly increased compared with the control group. Although there was no significant difference in the diversity of the vulvar skin microbiota, the diversity differed significantly between the two groups.
PubMed: 35445011
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842031 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2022Background Knowledge about cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis is limited, and a comparison of microbiota in the two diseases was not...
Background Knowledge about cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis is limited, and a comparison of microbiota in the two diseases was not yet previously undertaken. Aims/Objectives This study aimed to compare the scalp lesional and non-lesional microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis with that in a healthy control group. Methods Fifty samples were taken with sterile swabs from patients' and controls' scalps, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses were performed. Results Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that bacterial load and diversity were significantly increased in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis lesions compared to the controls. As phyla, Actinobacteria decreased and Firmicutes increased, while as genera, Propionibacterium decreased; Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Aquabacterium, Neisseria and Azospirillum increased in lesions of both diseases. Specifically, Mycobacterium, Finegoldia, Haemophilus and Ezakiella increased in psoriasis vulgaris and Enhydrobacter, Micromonospora and Leptotrichia increased in seborrheic dermatitis lesions. Mycobacterium, Ezakiella and Peptoniphilus density were higher in psoriasis vulgaris compared to seborrheic dermatitis lesions. The bacterial diversity and load values of non-lesional scalp in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis lay between those of lesional areas and controls. Limitations The small sample size is the main limitation of this study. Conclusion Higher bacterial diversity was detected in lesions of both psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis compared to the controls, but similar alterations were observed when the two diseases were compared. Although these differences could be a result rather than a cause of the two diseases, there is a need to analyze all members of the microbiota and microbiota-host interactions.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Scalp; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Psoriasis; Microbiota
PubMed: 35389020
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_323_21 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, which forms part of the normal flora and the human commensals of the skin, genitourinary system, and gut. It can cause...
is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, which forms part of the normal flora and the human commensals of the skin, genitourinary system, and gut. It can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and is frequently isolated as part of polymicrobial spectra. Severe monomicrobial infections caused by the genus rarely occur. In this study, we report on septic shock, renal abscess, and bacteremia due to in a woman with nephrosis and diabetes mellitus. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe isolated from both renal abscess and blood cultures purely. The underlying diseases of the host and the removal of the double J tube were significant predisposing factors in this infection.
PubMed: 35281574
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S353966 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Previously, we demonstrated that rectal swabs provide a legitimate alternative to faecal sampling for the assessment of the intestinal microbiota in young piglets....
Previously, we demonstrated that rectal swabs provide a legitimate alternative to faecal sampling for the assessment of the intestinal microbiota in young piglets. However, we also reported that mucosa-adhered microbial populations were more represented in rectal swabs compared to faecal samples, albeit to a degree that varied per swab-sample. Here, we explored the possibility to exploit this variable enrichment of adhered populations in the rectal swabs to assess the impact of diet on mucosa-adhered microbiota in pre-weaning piglets. Paired samples of rectal swabs and colon luminal contents were collected from piglets just before weaning during two independent but similarly designed animal experiments [ = 28 piglets (experiment 1); = 16 piglets (experiment 2)], with an early feeding treatment (EF) group that had access to customised fibrous feed in addition to sow's milk and a control (CON) group exclusively reared on sow's milk. The intestinal microbiome composition in rectal swabs and colon samples collected at 29 days of age were subjected to metataxonomic analysis. The results identified the genera , , and as discriminative taxa enriched in rectal swabs compared to colon. Apart from (10-11% average relative abundance), most of these mucosa-adhered microbial genera display relatively low abundance. Rectal swab microbiota was found to be more variable, which is likely due to variable enrichment of mucosa-adhered microbes. Although almost exclusively driven by one of the experiments, the post-weaning diarrhoea-associated taxa , was enriched in CON compared to the EF group, suggesting that early life feeding may suppress post-weaning-diarrhoea-related problems in piglets. Our findings demonstrate that rectal swabs allow the investigation of the mucosa-adhered microbial populations as a function of dietary treatment in piglets. This offers opportunities to further study dietary approaches that suppress the abundance of the post-weaning diarrhoea associated adherent microbes like . Furthermore, we demonstrate that the paired swab-colon microbiota information (obtained from a subset of animals) can predict the mucosa-adhered populations or "mucosity factor" in rectal swab samples, facilitating the analysis of the adhered microbiota in large animal cohort studies using readily obtainable rectal swabs.
PubMed: 35273582
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.804986 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2022Non-human primates harbour diverse microbiomes in their guts. As a part of the China Microbiome Initiatives, we cultivated and characterized the gut microbiome of...
Non-human primates harbour diverse microbiomes in their guts. As a part of the China Microbiome Initiatives, we cultivated and characterized the gut microbiome of cynomolgus monkeys (). In this report, we communicate the characterization and taxonomy of eight bacterial strains that were obtained from faecal samples of captive cynomolgus monkeys. The results revealed that they represented eight novel bacterial species. The proposed names of the eight novel species are (type strain MSJ-5=CGMCC 1.45007=KCTC 15974), MSJd-7 (MSJd-7=CGMCC 1.45013=KCTC 25112), (MSJ-11=CGMCC 1.45009=KCTC 25065), (MSJ-4=CGMCC 1.45006=KCTC 15975), (MSJ-2=CGMCC 1.32896=KCTC 15976), MSJ-6 (MSJ-6=CGMCC 1.45008=KCTC 15973), (MSJ-1=CGMCC 1.31770=KCTC 15977) and (MSJ-40=CGMCC 1.45012=KCTC 25071).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Clostridium; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Haplorhini; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35258450
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005276 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Age-related changes in nasal bacterial microbiota of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify distinct...
Age-related changes in nasal bacterial microbiota of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify distinct characteristics of nasal bacterial microbiota between aged and younger patients with CRS through 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited and separated into aged (≥60 years, median age = 66 years, N = 17) and younger (<60 years, median age = 35.5 years, N = 14) patients. Diversity, bacterial composition and metabolic activities of nasal microbiota between aged and younger patients were compared. Results have shown that levels of OTUs (p = 0.0173) and microbiota diversity (all p < 0.05) decreased significantly in aged patients. The abundance of phylum , and genus were significantly higher in aged patients, while the abundance of phylum , , and genus , were significantly higher in younger patients. In addition, predicted functional profiles have revealed that 41 KEGG pathways involving in 12 metabolic pathways, 4 genetic information processing, 3 environmental information processing, 4 cellular processes, 8 organismal systems, 6 human diseases, and 4 unclassified pathways were identified. Among which, the vast majority of metabolic activities are involved in replication and repair, membrane transport, translation, and the metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, cofactors and vitamins, and nucleotide. On the level of the thirdly bacterial metabolic pathways, purine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis are significantly up-regulated while carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotesand methane metabolism are significantly down-regulated in aged patients. Overall, our analysis revealed that age-related physiological and pathological changes on the nasal mucosal surface may alter the host immune response and be highly associated with the nasal bacterial microbiota of patients with CRS. However, future studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationship.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Humans; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 35252024
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.786481 -
Cureus Jan 2022is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus found on the skin, vagina, and gut, where it acts as an opportunistic pathogen or as part of polymicrobial infections of chronic...
is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus found on the skin, vagina, and gut, where it acts as an opportunistic pathogen or as part of polymicrobial infections of chronic wounds or diabetic ulcers We present a case of a 68-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a late prosthetic hip arthroplasty infection caused by and isolated from sonication fluid cultures. Despite the fact that evidence is scarce, its role and pathogenicity in more severe infections should not be underestimated.
PubMed: 35198324
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21419 -
Annals of Laboratory Medicine Jul 2022
Topics: Abscess; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Firmicutes; Humans
PubMed: 35177572
DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.4.488