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Journal of Pathology and Translational... May 2024Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral...
BACKGROUND
Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral hemispheres and displaying a diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth in the surrounding neuropil that accounts for about 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The hallmark feature of gliomas is blood vessel proliferation, which plays an important role in tumor growth, tumor biological behavior, and disease outcome. High-grade gliomas exhibit increased vascularity, the worst prognosis, and lower survival rates. Several angiogenic receptors and factors are upregulated in glioblastomas and stimulate angiogenesis signaling pathways by means of activating oncogenes and/or down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Existing literature has emphasized that different microvascular patterns (MVPs) are displayed in different subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas.
METHODS
We examined the distribution and biological characteristics of different MVPs in 50 patients with adult diffuse gliomas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining results, along with periodic acid-Schiff and CD34 dual-stained sections, were examined to assess the vascular patterns and correlate with different grades of diffuse glioma.
RESULTS
The present observational study on adult diffuse glioma evaluated tumor grade and MVPs. Microvascular sprouting was the most common pattern, while a bizarre pattern (type 2) was associated with the presence of a high-grade glioma. Vascular mimicry was observed in 6% of cases, all of which were grade 4 gliomas.
CONCLUSIONS
This study supplements the role of neo-angiogenesis and aberrant vasculature patterns in the grading and progression of adult diffuse gliomas, which can be future targets for planning treatment strategies.
PubMed: 38766738
DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2024.03.11 -
Poultry Science Jul 2024Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant associated with an increased incidence of renal metabolic diseases. Luteolin (Lut), a natural flavonoid, is widely used...
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant associated with an increased incidence of renal metabolic diseases. Luteolin (Lut), a natural flavonoid, is widely used for its multifaceted therapeutic properties in inflammatory diseases. However, whether Lut protects against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity is still equivocal. The present study investigated the effects of Lut supplementation on renal oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism and their related mechanisms. Therefore, 40 chickens were treated with Cd and/or Lut with automatic water and free food intake for 1 mo and then the kidney tissues were collected to explore this issue. In this study, Cd exposure induced renal glycolipid metabolism disorders and resultant kidney damage by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, Oil Red O staining, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and glucose (Glu) levels in kidney, which were significantly ameliorated by Lut. Moreover, Lut also normalized the expression levels of factors related to Cd-disturbed glycolipid metabolism, improving metabolic homeostasis, and contributing to alleviating kidney damage. Furthermore, Lut demonstrated therapeutic potential against Cd-induced renal oxidative stress and inflammation by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting cytokine production in the kidney tissues. Mechanistically, Lut activated the AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, ameliorating the metabolic disturbance. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that Lut treatment activates AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway, decreases oxidative stress and inflammation response, which may contribute to prevent Cd-induced metabolism disorder and consequent kidney damage.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Cadmium; Antioxidants; Luteolin; Kidney; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Oxidative Stress; Poultry Diseases; Inflammation; Kidney Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Diet; Male; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed; Random Allocation
PubMed: 38759568
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103817 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is commonly associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics during meat-rabbit production, posing unpredictable risks to rabbit...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is commonly associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics during meat-rabbit production, posing unpredictable risks to rabbit welfare and public health. However, there is limited research on the epidemiological dynamics of antibiotic resistance among bacteria indicators derived from local healthy meat-rabbits. To bridge the knowledge gap between antibiotic use and AMR distribution, a total of 75 () and 210 spp. strains were successfully recovered from fecal samples of healthy meat-rabbits. The results revealed that diverse AMR phenotypes against seven commonly used antimicrobials, including ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (A/C), doxycycline (DOX), enrofloxacin (ENR), florfenicol (FFC), gentamicin (GEN), and polymycin B (PMB), were observed among most strains of and spp. in two rabbit farms, although the distribution pattern of antibiotic resistance between young and adult rabbits was similar. Among them, 66 strains showed resistance against 6 antimicrobials except for PMB. However, 164 spp. strains only exhibited acquired resistance against DOX and GEN. Notably, the DOX-based AMR phenotypes for and spp. strains were predominant, indicating the existing environmental stress conferred by DOX exposure. The MICs tests suggested elevated level of antibiotic resistance for resistant bacteria. Unexpectedly, all GEN-resistant spp. strains resistant high-level gentamicin (HLGR). By comparison, the and were highly detected among 35 multi-resistant strains, and genes widely spread among the 40 double-resistant spp. strains. Nevertheless, the presence of ARGs were not concordant with the resistant phenotypes for a portion of resistant bacteria. In conclusion, the distribution of AMR and ARGs are prevalent in healthy meat-rabbits, and the therapeutic antimicrobials use in farming practice may promote the antibiotic resistance transmission among indicator bacteria. Therefore, periodic surveillance of antibiotic resistance in geographic locations and supervisory measures for rational antibiotic use are imperative strategies for combating the rising threats posed by antibiotic resistance, as well as maintaining rabbit welfare and public health.
PubMed: 38756516
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1369655 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Reports of renal neoplasia are rare in neotropical wildcats. Ocelots () are medium-sized wildcats living in America's tropical forests. A 12-year-old captive ocelot was...
Reports of renal neoplasia are rare in neotropical wildcats. Ocelots () are medium-sized wildcats living in America's tropical forests. A 12-year-old captive ocelot was diagnosed with a renal mass occupying approximately 25% of the total right kidney volume. The tissue was stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Immunohistochemistry with the following markers was performed: cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK19, CK 7, CD10, vimentin, Melan A, HMB45, Pax-8, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1). Histopathology revealed a well-differentiated epithelial tubular neoplasia with less than one mitotic figure per 2.37mm field. Vimentin and Pax-8 were the only positive markers. Immunohistochemically, neoplasia was diagnosed as a renal adenoma. Renal adenomas are seldom reported in neotropical wildcats. Reports on wild species are valuable for properly establishing a clinical prognosis for captive species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that provides detailed microscopic and immunohistochemical descriptions of renal adenoma in a captive ocelot.
PubMed: 38756505
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393039 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2024The mouse kidney transplantation model presents challenges in terms of surgical difficulty and low success rate, making it difficult to master. This study aims to...
OBJECTIVES
The mouse kidney transplantation model presents challenges in terms of surgical difficulty and low success rate, making it difficult to master. This study aims to provide a crucial model for transplantation immunology research by modifying and developing novel techniques for mouse kidney transplantation.
METHODS
A total of 57 pairs of mice were used to establish and compare the modified and innovative surgical techniques for mouse kidney transplantation. Three different surgical models were established, including the abdominal suture technique for orthotopic kidney transplantation, the abdominal cuff technique for orthotopic kidney transplantation, and the cervical cuff technique for ectopic kidney transplantation. BALB/c or C57BL/6 male mice, aged 8 to 12 weeks and weighed 20 to 25 g with specified pathogen free-grade were served as the donor mice or the recipient mice. The surgical technique characteristics, key surgical times, complications, and pathological examination in the early postoperative period were summarized and compared.
RESULTS
Three different surgical models of mouse kidney transplantation were successfully established. The comparison of warm ischemic time for the 3 groups of mice showed no statistical significance (=0.510 4). The abdominal suture group had the shortest total operation time of the donor compared with the abdominal cuff group and the cervical cuff group [(18.3±3.6) min vs (26.2±4.7) min and (22.8±2.5) min; both <0.000 1]. There was a significant difference in cold ischemia time among the 3 groups (all <0.000 1), with (60.8±4.1) min in the cervical cuff group, (43.3±5.0) min in the abdominal suture group, and (88.8±6.7) min in the abdominal cuff group. Due to different anastomosis methods, the cervical cuff group had the shortest time [(17.6±2.7) min], whereas the abdominal cuff group had the longest time [(38.8±5.4) min]. The total operation time for the recipients showed significant differences (<0.000 1), with the abdominal suture group having the shortest time [(44.0±6.9) min], followed by the cervical cuff group [(64.1±5.2) min], and the abdominal cuff group [(80.0±6.0) min] being the longest. In the 32 mice of the abdominal suture group, there were 6 with intraoperative bleeding, including 1 arterial intimal injury bleeding and 5 with bleeding after vessel opening. Six mice had ureteral complications, including ureteral bladder anastomotic stenosis, necrosis, and renal pelvis dilation. Two mice had postoperative abdominal infections. In the abdominal cuff group, there was no intraoperative bleeding, but 6 mice showed mild arterial stenosis and 5 showed venous stenosis, 4 arterial injury, 4 arterial thrombosis, and 2 ureteral complications. No postoperative infections occurred in the mice. In the cervical cuff group, no intraoperative bleeding, arterial intimal injury, arterial/venous stenosis, or thrombosis were found in 13 mice. Five mice had ureteral complications, including ureteral necrosis and infection, which were the main complications in the cervical cuff group. The renal function in mice of the 3 groups remained stable 7 days after surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining showed no significant differences in terms of acute rejection among the 3 surgical methods (all >0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
All 3 surgical methods are able to successfully establish mouse kidney transplantation models, with no significant differences observed in the short-term graft survival and acute rejection. The modified abdominal suture technique and abdominal cuff technique have their respective advantages in research applications. The novel cervical cuff technique for ectopic kidney transplantation model is relatively simple to be prepared and causes less trauma to the mice, providing more options for studies involving xenotransplantation, secondary transplantation, and local lymphatic drainage. However, the difficulty in harvesting the donor kidney and the high incidence of ureteral infections need further validation in long-term survival. This study holds important reference value for choosing the type of mouse kidney transplantation model for different research needs.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Models, Animal
PubMed: 38755718
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230599 -
Toxicology Letters Jun 2024Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are involved in the pathological process of asthma, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We...
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are involved in the pathological process of asthma, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We hypothesized that TLR2 pathway may regulate expression of Gal-3 in allergic airway inflammation. Wild-type (WT) and TLR2 mice were sensitized on day 0 and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) on days 14-21 to establish a model of allergic airway inflammation, and were treated with a specific ERK inhibitor U0126. Histological changes in the lungs were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining; cytokines and anti-OVA immunoglobulin E (IgE) were tested by ELISA; and related protein expression in lung tissues was measured by western blot. We found that the expression levels of TLR2 and Gal-3 markedly increased concomitantly with airway inflammation after OVA induction, while TLR2 deficiency significantly alleviated airway inflammation and reduced Gal-3 expression. Moreover, the expression levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-MAPKs) were significantly elevated in OVA-challenged WT mice, while TLR2 deficiency only significantly decreased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) levels. Furthermore, we found that U0126 treatment significantly alleviated allergic airway inflammation and decreased Gal-3 levels in OVA-challenged WT mice, but had no further effect in OVA-challenged TLR2 mice. These above results suggested that TLR2 is an upstream signal molecule of ERK. We further demonstrated that TLR2 regulates Gal-3 expression through the ERK pathway in LTA-stimulated macrophages in vitro. Our findings showed that the TLR2-ERK signaling pathway regulates Gal-3 expression in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Ovalbumin; Galectin 3; Mice, Knockout; Asthma; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Lung; Butadienes; Mice; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Nitriles; Female; Immunoglobulin E; Cytokines
PubMed: 38754639
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.05.008 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by tubular injury and kidney dysfunction. Salvador...
Kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by tubular injury and kidney dysfunction. Salvador family WW domain containing protein 1 (SAV1) is a key component of the Hippo pathway and plays a crucial role in the regulation of organ size and tissue regeneration. However, whether SAV1 plays a role in kidney IRI is not investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of SAV1 in kidney injury and regeneration following IRI. A proximal tubule-specific knockout of in kidneys () was generated, and wild-type and mice underwent kidney IRI or sham operation. Plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured to assess kidney function. Histological studies, including periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunohistochemistry, were conducted to assess tubular injury, SAV1 expression, and cell proliferation. Western blot analysis was employed to assess the Hippo pathway-related and proliferation-related proteins. SAV1 exhibited faint expression in the proximal tubules and was predominantly expressed in the connecting tubule to the collecting duct. At 48 h after IRI, mice continued to exhibit severe kidney dysfunction, compared to attenuated kidney dysfunction in wild-type mice. Consistent with the functional data, severe tubular damage induced by kidney IRI in the cortex was significantly decreased in wild-type mice at 48 h after IRI but not in mice. Furthermore, 48 h after IRI, the number of Ki67-positive cells in the cortex was significantly higher in wild-type mice than mice. After IRI, activation and expression of Hippo pathway-related proteins were enhanced, with no significant differences observed between wild-type and mice. Notably, at 48 h after IRI, protein kinase B activation (AKT) was significantly enhanced in mice compared to wild-type mice. This study demonstrates that deficiency in the kidney proximal tubule worsens the injury and delays kidney regeneration after IRI, potentially through the overactivation of AKT.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Acute Kidney Injury; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38731829
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094610 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Apr 2024The title compound (CHNS, common name: -jasmone 4-ethyl-thio-semicarbazone) was synthesized by the equimolar reaction of -jasmone and 4-ethyl-thio-semicarbazide in...
The title compound (CHNS, common name: -jasmone 4-ethyl-thio-semicarbazone) was synthesized by the equimolar reaction of -jasmone and 4-ethyl-thio-semicarbazide in ethanol facilitated by acid catalysis. There is one crystallographically independent mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit, which shows disorder of the terminal ethyl group of the jasmone carbon chain [site-occupancy ratio = 0.911 (5):0.089 (5)]. The thio-semicarbazone entity [N-N-C(=S)-N] is approximately planar, with the maximum deviation of the mean plane through the N/N/C/S/N atoms being 0.0331 (8) Å, while the maximum deviation of the mean plane through the five-membered ring of the jasmone fragment amounts to -0.0337 (8) Å. The dihedral angle between the two planes is 4.98 (7)°. The mol-ecule is not planar due to this structural feature and the -hybridized atoms of the jasmone carbon chain. Additionally, one H⋯N intra-molecular inter-action is observed, with graph-set motif (5). In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected through pairs of H⋯S inter-actions with (8) and (7) graph-set motifs into centrosymmetric dimers. The dimers are further connected by H⋯N inter-actions with graph-set motif (12), which are related by an inversion centre, forming a mono-periodic hydrogen-bonded ribbon parallel to the -axis. The crystal structure and the supra-molecular assembly of the title compound are compared with four known -jasmone thio-semicarbazone derivatives (two crystalline modifications of the non-substituted form, the 4-methyl and the 4-phenyl derivatives). A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the major contributions for the crystal cohesion are from H⋯H (70.7%), H⋯S/S⋯H (13.5%), H⋯C/C⋯H (8.8%), and H⋯N/N⋯H (6.6%) inter-faces (only the disordered atoms with the highest s.o.f. were considered for the evaluation).
PubMed: 38721415
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989024002913 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jun 2024Mastectomy is the standard treatment for mammary gland tumors in dogs. In addition to traditional therapy, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) can act as target therapy, as it...
Mastectomy is the standard treatment for mammary gland tumors in dogs. In addition to traditional therapy, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) can act as target therapy, as it may promote autophagy, reduce metastatic potential, and tumor proliferation in mammary tumor cell lines. This study aimed to analyze the effects of DCA as preoperative therapy for mammary tumors in bitches. Nineteen animals were selected, and they received DCA at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally every 12 hr, for 15 days. The periodic evaluation included hematological analysis (complete blood count and biochemical markers), evaluation of gastrointestinal adverse effects, evaluation of tumor volume, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation (Ki67 and cyclooxygenase-2/COX-2 markers). After treatment, there was a significant reduction in hematocrit (P=0.02) and leukocyte (P=0.04) means. Despite the variations for these two hematological parameters, the means remained within the reference range for the species. There were two cases of vomiting and one case of diarrhea. Most cases were classified as carcinoma in mixed tumor (n=7, 36.8%), followed by solid carcinoma (n=6, 31.6%). Nine cases (47.4%) showed reduced tumor volume, nine (47.4%) had stable disease, and one showed progressive disease. While there was no sample with a COX-2 score higher than 6, tumor samples with COX-2 scores 3 and 4 were significantly associated with stable disease or progression. DCA preoperative treatment for bitches with mammary gland tumors showed safety and potential cytoreduction in some cases.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Female; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Dog Diseases; Dichloroacetic Acid; Neoadjuvant Therapy
PubMed: 38692860
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0393 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Protothecosis, an infrequent human infection, is caused by achlorophyllic algae belonging to the genus Prototheca, particularly Prototheca wickerhamii. The skin stands...
Protothecosis, an infrequent human infection, is caused by achlorophyllic algae belonging to the genus Prototheca, particularly Prototheca wickerhamii. The skin stands as the most commonly affected organ. This report documents a case involving an 82-year-old male with Protothecosis. Histopathological analysis revealed granulomatous inflammation in the dermis, exhibiting necrotic features and hosting numerous non-budding spherical organisms. These organisms were positively stained using methenamine silver and periodic acid-Schiff stains, confirming identification as after validation through tissue culture and sequencing procedures. Initially, the patient received oral itraconazole at a dosage of 200 mg daily, accompanied by topical 1% naftifine-0.25% ketoconazole cream for a duration of 4 weeks, resulting in significant improvement. Subsequently, due to gastrointestinal discomfort presumably linked to itraconazole, terbinafine was administered. Over a span of 3 months, the patient received oral terbinafine at a dosage of 250 mg/day alongside the application of topical 1% naftifine-0.25% ketoconazole cream, leading to complete healing of the skin lesion, leaving behind a fibrotic scar.
PubMed: 38689756
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S453620