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BMC Oral Health May 2024The ceramic soft tissue trimming bur (CeraTip™) was initially introduced for use in gingivoplasty but has recently been used for gingival depigmentation. The aim of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The ceramic soft tissue trimming bur (CeraTip™) was initially introduced for use in gingivoplasty but has recently been used for gingival depigmentation. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of depigmentation between the novel CeraTip™ and the gold-standard surgical scalpel technique.
METHODS
Eight healthy, nonsmokers with moderate to severe gingival hyperpigmentation in both arches were randomly assigned for CeraTip™ depigmentation in one arch as the test group (TG) and scalpel depigmentation in the opposite arch as the control group (CG). Pigmentation indices were used to assess clinical performance. Treatment time, pain level, and esthetic satisfaction were the parameters of patient experience. The assessments were performed at baseline, one week, one month, and three months.
RESULTS
At all assessment visits, pigmentation intensity represented by the Dummet oral pigmentation index (DOPI), and pigmentation distribution represented by the Hedin melanin index (MI), were significantly lower than those at baseline (p < 0.001) in both groups. When comparing the two groups, Scalpel depigmentation had better initial clinical outcomes, while CeraTip™ had less visible repigmentation, pain scores, treatment time, and greater esthetic satisfaction. However, none of the differences were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Both techniques successfully removed gingival hyperpigmentation with comparable clinical performance. The patients preferred CeraTip™ depigmentation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study protocol was registered on 11/09/2023 on the www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov database (NCT06031116) after the approval of the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (FDASU-Rec012124).
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Patient Satisfaction; Gingival Diseases; Male; Ceramics; Hyperpigmentation; Esthetics, Dental; Middle Aged; Gingiva; Treatment Outcome; Gingivoplasty
PubMed: 38783312
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04345-z -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Quorum-quenching enzyme Est816 hydrolyzes the lactone rings of -acyl homoserine lactones, effectively blocking the biofilm formation and development of Gram-negative...
INTRODUCTION
Quorum-quenching enzyme Est816 hydrolyzes the lactone rings of -acyl homoserine lactones, effectively blocking the biofilm formation and development of Gram-negative bacteria. However, its applications in the oral field is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of enzyme Est816 in combination with antibiotics against periodontitis induced by and .
METHODS
The antimicrobial efficacy of enzyme Est816 in combination with minocycline, metronidazole, and amoxicillin was determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration test. The anti-biofilm effect of enzyme Est816 was assessed using scanning electron microscopy, live/dead bacterial staining, crystal violet staining, and real-time quantitative PCR. Biocompatibility of enzyme Est816 was assessed in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) by staining. A rat model of periodontitis was established to evaluate the effect of enzyme Est816 combined with minocycline using micro-computed tomography and histological staining.
RESULTS
Compared to minocycline, metronidazole, and amoxicillin treatment alone, simultaneous treatment with enzyme Est816 increased the sensitivity of biofilm bacteria to antibiotics. Enzyme Est816 with minocycline exhibited the highest rate of biofilm clearance and high biocompatibility. Moreover, the combination of enzyme Est816 with antibiotics improved the antibiofilm effects of the antibiotics synergistically, reducing the expression of the virulence factor leukotoxin gene () and fimbria-associated gene (). Likewise, the combination of enzyme Est816 with minocycline exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on bone resorption and inflammation damage in a rat model of periodontitis.
DISCUSSION
The combination of enzyme Est816 with antibiotics represents a prospective anti-biofilm strategy with the potential to treat periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Biofilms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Periodontitis; Rats; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Metronidazole; Quorum Sensing; Minocycline; Amoxicillin; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Male; Fibroblasts; Gingiva
PubMed: 38779565
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1368684 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Periodontal diseases are known to be associated with polymicrobial biofilms and inflammasome activation. A deeper understanding of the subgingival cytological (micro)...
INTRODUCTION
Periodontal diseases are known to be associated with polymicrobial biofilms and inflammasome activation. A deeper understanding of the subgingival cytological (micro) landscape, the role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) during periodontitis, and contribution of the host immune eDNA to inflammasome persistence, may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlaying severe forms of periodontitis.
METHODS
In this work, subgingival biolfilms developing on biologically neutral polyethylene terephthalate films placed in gingival cavities of patients with chronic periodontitis were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This allowed examination of realistic cytological landscapes and visualization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) including amyloids, total proteins, carbohydrates and eDNA, as well as comparison with several single-strain model biofilms produced by oral pathogens such as , , , , and . Fluorescence hybridization (FISH) analysis was also used to identify eDNA derived from eubacteria, streptococci and members of the (BPP) group associated with periodontitis.
RESULTS
Analysis of subgingival biofilm EPS revealed low levels of amyloids and high levels of eDNA which appears to be the main matrix component. However, bacterial eDNA contributed less than a third of the total eDNA observed, suggesting that host-derived eDNA released in neutrophil extracellular traps may be of more importance in the development of biofilms causing periodontitis.
DISCUSSION
eDNA derived from host immunocompetent cells activated at the onset of periodontitis may therefore be a major driver of bacterial persistence and pathogenesis.
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Periodontitis; Microscopy, Confocal; DNA; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Inflammasomes; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Gingiva; Chronic Periodontitis
PubMed: 38779563
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374817 -
Journal of Evidence-based Integrative... 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin combined with GG cell-free supernatant (LGG CFS) on the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in SCC-9...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin combined with GG cell-free supernatant (LGG CFS) on the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in SCC-9 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Curcumin (40 µg/ml) and 25% v/v LGG CFS (10 CFU/ml), both alone and in a combination regimen, significantly decreased the viability of SCC-9 cells and normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. Interestingly, the combination of low doses of curcumin (5 µg/ml) and 25% v/v LGG CFS (10 CFU/ml) had no effect on the HGF cells but significantly inhibited the viability of SCC-9 cells (p < 0.05). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that SCC-9 cells treated with the combination of low-dose curcumin and low-dose LGG CFS had a higher apoptotic rate than the cells in the control group and the single treatment groups ( < 0.05). The combined treatment also significantly increased the Bax/Bcl2 mRNA and protein expression in SCC-9 cells ( < 0.05) but not in HGF cells, indicating the underlying mechanism of the combination regimen. There was no significant difference in caspase-3 protein expression or the Bcl-xL/Bak and Mcl-1/Bak ratios between the treatment and control groups in both cell lines. These findings suggested that the coadministration of curcumin and LGG could exhibit anticancer effects in SCC-9 cells without causing toxicity to normal fibroblast cells.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Apoptosis; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Fibroblasts; Cell Proliferation; Gingiva; Probiotics; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38778767
DOI: 10.1177/2515690X241258369 -
Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2024The red-complex bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia together with Fusobacterium nucleatum are essential players in periodontitis. This study...
OBJECTIVE
The red-complex bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia together with Fusobacterium nucleatum are essential players in periodontitis. This study investigated the bacterial interplay with human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) which act in the acute phase of periodontal infection.
DESIGN
The capability of the bacteria to induce an inflammatory response as well as their viability, cellular adhesion and invasion were analyzed upon mono- and co-infections of hPDL-MSCs to delineate potential synergistic or antagonistic effects. The expression level and concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Viability, invasion, and adhesion were determined quantitatively using agar plate culture and qualitatively by confocal microscopy.
RESULTS
Viability of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia but not F. nucleatum was preserved in the presence of hPDL-MSCs, even in an oxygenated environment. F. nucleatum significantly increased the expression and concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in hPDL-MSCs, while T. forsythia and P. gingivalis caused only a minimal inflammatory response. Co-infections in different combinations had no effect on the inflammatory response. Moreover, P. gingivalis mitigated the increase in cytokine levels elicited by F. nucleatum. Both red-complex bacteria adhered to and invaded hPDL-MSCs in greater numbers than F. nucleatum, with only a minor effect of co-infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral bacteria of different pathogenicity status interact differently with hPDL-MSCs. The data support P. gingivalis' capability to manipulate the inflammatory host response. Further research is necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture of the role of hPDL-MSCs in more complex oral biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Periodontal Ligament; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Chemokine CCL2; Interleukin-8; Tannerella forsythia; Interleukin-6; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Periodontitis; Bacterial Adhesion; Microscopy, Confocal; Cells, Cultured; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Cell Adhesion; Coinfection
PubMed: 38776586
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106004 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024The aim of this study is to examine the cytotoxic effects of dental gels with different contents, which are frequently used during teething, on gingival mesenchymal stem...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to examine the cytotoxic effects of dental gels with different contents, which are frequently used during teething, on gingival mesenchymal stem cells (G-MSCs).
METHOD
The teething gels used in this study were Dentinox, Gengigel, Osanite, and Jack and Jill. The human gingival mesenchimal stem cells (hG-MSCs) were incubated with these teething gel solutions (0.1%, 50% and 80% concentrations). Reproductive behavior of G-MSCs was monitored in real time for 72 h using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) system. Two-way repeated Anova test and post hoc Bonferroni test were used to evaluate the effect of concentration and dental gel on 0-hour and 72-hour viability. Significance was evaluated at p < 0.05 level.
RESULTS
Teething gels prepared at 50% concentration are added to the G-MSC culture, the "cell index" value of G-MSCs to which Dentinox brand gel is added is significantly lower than all other groups (p = 0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between the concentrations in terms of cell index values at the 72nd hour compared to the 0th hour (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The local anesthetic dental gels used in children have a more negative effect on cell viability as concentration increases.
Topics: Humans; Gingiva; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Gels; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 38760715
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04213-w -
European Journal of Dentistry May 2024Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by disruption of the bone microarchitecture. It is observed in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. It affects the whole...
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by disruption of the bone microarchitecture. It is observed in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. It affects the whole body, including the jaws. The main indicator of the presence of osteoporosis accepted by the World Health Organization is bone mineral density. The aim of this article is to find data on the influence of osteoporosis on apical periodontitis, to investigate how the intake of osteoporosis drugs affects apical periodontitis, and to establish various data that may be of benefit to the dental practitioner when treating patients with osteoporosis and apical periodontitis. Open-access publications are included. The presence of osteoporosis is important to the dentist. Apical periodontitis in these patients has a faster progression. They are characterized by inflammation and destruction of the tissues located around the tooth root. Osteoporosis has a destructive effect on bone tissue through different mechanisms: nuclear factor-κβ ligand and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β cascade. It is also associated with low estrogen levels. Various medications such as corticosteroids, bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronate (Zoledronic acid), calcitonin, raloxifene, and strontium used to treat osteoporosis can affect the course of apical periodontitis. When treating patients with periapical lesions, the dentist must take a proper medical history and general medical history. In cases of osteoporosis or taking bisphosphonates and other medications, consideration should be given to whether consultation with a specialist is necessary, what treatment approach would be most appropriate, and what the prognosis will be. Chronic diseases affect both the general state of the body and dental health. It has been found that in patients with osteoporosis, inflammation of the apical periodontium develops with faster bone resorption. Before starting dental treatment, it is important to specify the etiology of osteoporosis, the bone density of each patient, as well as the medications they are taking.
PubMed: 38759999
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785533 -
European Journal of Dentistry May 2024This study aimed to investigate and compare the influence of hypoxic conditions on cytotoxicity, cellular migration, and osteogenic differentiation of aged...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate and compare the influence of hypoxic conditions on cytotoxicity, cellular migration, and osteogenic differentiation of aged periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Isolated human PDL cells from aged and young subjects were cultured under hypoxic conditions, which were treated with hydrogen peroxide (HO) (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 µM). To assess cytotoxicity, lactate dehydrogenase release was determined by the optical density at 490 nm, and the percentage of cell death was calculated. An wound healing assay was performed over 24 to 48 hours for cellular migration determination. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by alizarin red staining and osteogenic gene expression, including the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontin (OPN).
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in the percentage of cell death with high hypoxic condition (200 and 500 µM) compared to low hypoxic conditions on both day 1 and 2. The highest cellular migration was depicted at 50 µM in both young and aged groups of the wound healing assay. Osteogenic gene expression of RUNX2 in the aged group was increased at 25 and 50 µM hypoxic condition at day 7, but the expression was gradually decreased after 14 days. On the contrary, the expression of ALP and OPN in the aged group was increased at day 14. Only OPN had been found to be statistically significantly different when compared with gene expression at day 7 and 14 ( < 0.05). The results showed no statistically significant differences when compared with the young and aged groups in all genes and all concentrations.
CONCLUSION
The concentration of low hypoxic condition (25-50 µM) was proposed to promote cell viability, cellular migration, and osteogenic differentiation in aged PDL cells. We suggested that the potential of aged PDL cells for use in cell therapy for periodontal regeneration might possibly be similar to that of young PDL cells.
PubMed: 38759996
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786844 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024While overall head and neck cancer incidence decreases due to reduced tobacco and alcohol consumption, the incidence of HPV negative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
While overall head and neck cancer incidence decreases due to reduced tobacco and alcohol consumption, the incidence of HPV negative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is raising in several industrialized countries, especially in non-smoking and non-drinking patients.
CASE PRESENTATION
We document a case of gingiva SCC in a 56 years old never-smoker patient reporting low alcohol consumption and unusual occupational solvent exposure. The HPV-negative lesion was surgically removed in 2018, and the patient remains in complete remission 4 years after recurrent surgery in 2019. In 2021, the patient was referred to the occupational cancer consultation. The patient worked as screen printer for 18 years. He reported mouth siphoning every 2-3 days to transfer organic solvents (mainly aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones) from containers into smaller recipients, with regular passage of solvents into his mouth.
CONCLUSION
According to the literature, the frequency of solvent siphoning using mouth is likely to be underestimated. While our review did not find studies reporting longterm consequences to the oral cavity of mouth siphoning, current evidence supports a positive association of upper aero digestive tract SCC with occupational exposures to organic solvents and printing processes. In absence of major extraprofessional factors, the HPV-negative gingiva SCC of this patient might be attributable to the regular occupational oral solvent exposure. While the available evidence remains limited to formally establish a causal relationship, clinicians should investigate this hazardous work practice in patients with OSCC and history of solvent exposures.
Topics: Humans; Solvents; Middle Aged; Male; Occupational Exposure; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Gingival Neoplasms; Gingiva
PubMed: 38756897
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1370767 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2024Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However,...
Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However, its specific role in periodontium development remains less understood. This study aims to elucidate the expression pattern and function of PHB in periodontium development and its involvement in alveolar bone formation. Immunolocalization of PHB in the periodontium of postnatal (PN) mice were examined. morpholino was micro-injected into the right-side mandible at PN5, corresponding to the position where the alveolar bone process forms in relation to the lower first molar. The micro-injection with a scramble control (PF-127) and the left-side mandibles were used as control groups. Five days post-micro-injection, immunohistochemical analysis and micro-CT evaluation were conducted to assess bone mass and morphological changes. Additionally, expression patterns of signaling molecules were examined following downregulation using 24-h cultivation of developing dental mesenchyme at E14.5. The immunostaining of PHB showed its localization in the periodontium at PN5, PN8, and PN10. The cultivation of dental mesenchyme resulted in alterations in Bmps, Runx2, and Wnt signalings after knock-down. At 5 days post-micro-injection, knocking down showed weak immunolocalizations of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN). However, knocking down led to histological alterations characterized by decreased bone mass and stronger localizations of Ki67 and PERIOSTIN in the periodontium compared 1 to control groups. The micro-CT evaluation showed decreased bone volume and increased PDL space in the knock-down specimens, suggesting its regulatory role in bone formation. The region-specific localization of PHB in the margin where alveolar bone forms suggests its involvement in alveolar bone formation and the differentiation of the periodontal ligament. Overall, our findings suggest that plays a modulatory role in alveolar bone formation by harmoniously regulating bone-forming-related signaling molecules during periodontium development.
PubMed: 38756696
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1369634