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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024This study investigated the effects of the dietary protein level and rumen-protected methionine and lysine (RPML) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and...
This study investigated the effects of the dietary protein level and rumen-protected methionine and lysine (RPML) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and serum indexes of yaks. Thirty-six male yaks were randomly assigned to a two by three factorial experiment with two protein levels, 15.05% and 16.51%, and three RPML levels: 0% RPML; 0.05% RPMet and 0.15% RPLys; and 0.1% RPMet and 0.3% RPLys. The trial lasted for sixty days. The results showed that the low-protein diet increased the DMI and feed conversion ratio of yaks. The diet supplemented with RPML increased the activities of IGF1 and INS and nutrient digestibility. The high-protein diet decreased the rumen butyrate concentration and increased the rumen isovalerate concentration. The low-protein diet supplemented with RPML increased the rumen pH and the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, butyrate and NH-N; the high-protein diet supplemented with a high level of RPML decreased the rumen pH and the concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate, propionate and NH-N. The low-protein diet supplemented with RPML increased the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity, along with the concentrations of malondialdehyde and amino acids such as aspartic acid, lysine, cysteine, etc. In conclusion, a low-protein diet supplemented with RPML is beneficial for rumen and body health, physiological response, and metabolic status in yaks.
PubMed: 38929369
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121751 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024The intestinal microbiome changes with age, influencing the host's health and immune status. () positively affects intestinal function in humans and animals, but its...
The intestinal microbiome changes with age, influencing the host's health and immune status. () positively affects intestinal function in humans and animals, but its effects on gut health and the microbiota profile in aged dogs have not been thoroughly investigated. Twenty aged Labrador Retrievers were divided into two groups: a control group (CON) and a group (SC). The experiment lasted for 42 days, with assessments of their intestinal barrier function, inflammatory factors, antioxidant markers, and fecal microbiome composition. The results showed that dietary reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the serum ( < 0.05). In the SC group, plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased, while the level of malondialdehyde significantly decreased ( < 0.05). Additionally, dietary lowered the serum zonulin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels ( < 0.05) and inhibited fecal ammonia production ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the microbiota profile showed that dietary decreased the abundance of Firmicutes but increased the Chao index, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, and the proportion of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ( < 0.05). To conclude, dietary can regulate the gut's microbial structure and gut health, which may contribute to the overall health of companion animals as they age.
PubMed: 38929332
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121713 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024To evaluate the antioxidant activity and oxidative damage by relaxing, wounding, and seeding of a saibo of different origin on hosts, five oyster treatments were...
To evaluate the antioxidant activity and oxidative damage by relaxing, wounding, and seeding of a saibo of different origin on hosts, five oyster treatments were included: (1) relaxed (REL) but neither wounded nor seeded; (2) relaxed and wounded (WOU) but not seeded; (3) relaxed, wounded, and seeded with an allograft (ALL); (4) relaxed, wounded, and seeded with an autograft (AUT); and (5) unrelaxed, unwounded, and unseeded as control (CTR). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) activity were quantified between 3 and 24 h post-seeding. Compared to the CTR oysters, which did not suffer oxidative stress, SOD activity significantly decreased in the gonad and digestive gland in all treatments and decreased in mantle tissue in AUT oysters; this indicates that the entire process of preparing oysters for pearl culture (relaxing, wounding, and seeding) generates oxidative stress in the host. CAT was not a sensitive enzyme for measuring the short-term response of oysters to the wounding-seeding processes but rather a more prolonged or chronic stress. Similar to SOD, the lowest GPx and TBARS activity in seeded oysters evidenced their susceptibility to oxidative stress and damage, particularly in the WOU treatment. Evidence from this study indicates that SOD is a more sensitive enzyme for measuring the short-term response of the host oyster to the wounding and seeding of a saibo. It is also clear that the host undergoes stress at all stages of the pearl culture process, mostly during gonad wounding and regardless of the origin of saibo.
PubMed: 38929162
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060723 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Djulis (), a traditional Taiwanese crop enriched with phenolic compounds and betalain pigments, is associated with various health benefits, including antioxidant and...
Djulis (), a traditional Taiwanese crop enriched with phenolic compounds and betalain pigments, is associated with various health benefits, including antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. This study analysed the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of extracts from both the hull and kernel of Djulis. The hull extract, which contained higher levels of flavonoids and exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the kernel extract, was selected for further in vivo studies. These experiments showed that oral administration of the Djulis hull crude extract significantly mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reducing plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and enhancing liver levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4). Additionally, the extract demonstrated potential in inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, a critical signalling pathway in inflammation and apoptosis, offering insights into its protective mechanisms. These findings underscore Djulis hull's potential as a functional food ingredient for ALI prevention and propose a valuable application for agricultural by-products.
PubMed: 38929160
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060721 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The importance of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plants has been highlighted due to its critical role in mitigating metal toxicity, specifically countering the...
The importance of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plants has been highlighted due to its critical role in mitigating metal toxicity, specifically countering the inhibitory effects of copper stress on rice plants. This study involved pre-treating rice plants with 1 mM GABA for one week, followed by exposure to varying concentrations of copper at 50 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM. Under copper stress, particularly at 100 μM and 200 μM, plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content, relative water content, mineral content, and antioxidant activity decreased significantly compared to control conditions. However, GABA treatment significantly alleviated the adverse effects of copper stress. It increased plant height by 13%, 18%, and 32%; plant biomass by 28%, 52%, and 60%; chlorophyll content by 12%, 30%, and 24%; and relative water content by 10%, 24%, and 26% in comparison to the C50, C100, and C200 treatments. Furthermore, GABA treatment effectively reduced electrolyte leakage by 11%, 34%, and 39%, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), by 9%, 22%, and 27%, hydrogen peroxide (HO) by 12%, 38%, and 30%, and superoxide anion content by 8%, 33, and 39% in comparison to C50, C100, and C200 treatments. Additionally, GABA supplementation led to elevated levels of glutathione by 69% and 80%, superoxide dismutase by 22% and 125%, ascorbate peroxidase by 12% and 125%, and catalase by 75% and 100% in the C100+G and C200+G groups as compared to the C100 and C200 treatments. Similarly, GABA application upregulated the expression of GABA shunt pathway-related genes, including gamma-aminobutyric transaminase () by 38% and 80% and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase () by 60% and 94% in the C100+G and C200+G groups, respectively, as compared to the C100 and C200 treatments. Conversely, the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid dehydrogenase () was downregulated. GABA application reduced the absorption of Cu by 54% and 47% in C100+G and C200+G groups as compared to C100, and C200 treatments. Moreover, GABA treatment enhanced the uptake of Ca by 26% and 82%, Mg by 12% and 67%, and K by 28% and 128% in the C100+G and C200+G groups as compared to C100, and C200 treatments. These findings underscore the pivotal role of GABA-induced enhancements in various physiological and molecular processes, such as plant growth, chlorophyll content, water content, antioxidant capacity, gene regulation, mineral uptake, and copper sequestration, in enhancing plant tolerance to copper stress. Such mechanistic insights offer promising implications for the advancement of safe and sustainable food production practices.
PubMed: 38929139
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060700 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phosphatidylserine (PS) supplementation on the growth performance, stress response, non-specific immunity...
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phosphatidylserine (PS) supplementation on the growth performance, stress response, non-specific immunity and antioxidant capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream () cultured under a high stocking density. A 2 × 2 two-factorial design was adopted, including two stocking densities (10 and 20 fish/m) and two dietary PS levels (0 and 50 mg/kg). After the 12-week feeding trial, the high stocking density significantly decreased the final weight; weight gain rate; specific growth rate; feed intake; nitrogen retention efficiency; plasma complement 3 (C3) level; albumin/globulin (ALB/GLB, A/G) ratio; activity of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme (LZM) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); transcription; and abundance of sirtuin3 (Sirt3) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, it significantly increased the plasma levels of cortisol, glucose (GLU), lactic acid (LD), total protein and GLB; hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content; and transcription. PS supplementation significantly increased the plasma ALB and C4 levels; the A/G ratio; the activity of LZM, CAT and GPX; the transcription of , , manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and catalase; and the Nrf2 abundance. However, it significantly decreased the plasma levels of cortisol, GLU and GLB, as well as the hepatic MDA content. In addition, there was a significant interaction between the stocking density and PS supplementation regarding the effects on the plasma LD, ALB, GLB and C3 levels; A/G ratio; hepatic CAT activity; and protein abundance of Sod2. In conclusion, PS supplementation can counteract the high stocking density-induced stress response, redox imbalance and immunosuppression in blunt snout bream.
PubMed: 38929083
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060644 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024To increase the value of the by-products of the canned tuna industry, the memory enhancement effect and the possible mechanisms of omega-3-rich tuna oil in bilateral...
To increase the value of the by-products of the canned tuna industry, the memory enhancement effect and the possible mechanisms of omega-3-rich tuna oil in bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) rats were assessed. Female rats were orally given tuna oil at doses of 140, 200, and 250 mg/kg of body weight (BW) for 28 days before OVX and for 21 days continually after OVX. Memory performance was assessed every week, whereas the parameters regarding mechanisms of action were assessed at the end of the study. All doses of tuna oil enhanced memory, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities but decreased cortisol, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Medium and high doses of tuna oil suppressed monoamine oxidase (MAO) but increased eNOS activity. A high dose of tuna oil suppressed gamma-aminotransferase (GABA-T) but increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and sirtuin-1. A medium dose of tuna oil decreased homocysteine (Hcys) and C-reactive protein. No change in telomere or estradiol was observed in this study. Our results suggest the memory-enhancing effect of tuna oil in an OVX rat model of menopause. The main mechanisms may involve a reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter regulation.
PubMed: 38929077
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060637 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Dairy cows face metabolic challenges around the time of calving, leading to a negative energy balance and various postpartum health issues. Adipose tissue is crucial for...
Dietary Supplementation with Naringin Improves Systemic Metabolic Status and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Transition Cows via Modulating Adipose Tissue Function: A Lipid Perspective.
Dairy cows face metabolic challenges around the time of calving, leading to a negative energy balance and various postpartum health issues. Adipose tissue is crucial for cows during this period, as it regulates energy metabolism and supports immune function. Naringin, one of the main flavonoids in citrus fruit and their byproducts, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituent. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplemental naringin on performance, systemic inflammation, oxidative status, and adipose tissue metabolic status. A total of 36 multiparous Holstein cows (from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d postpartum) were provided a basal control (CON) diet or a CON diet containing naringin (NAR) at 30 g/d per cow. Supplemental NAR increased the yield of raw milk and milk protein, without affecting dry matter intake. Cows fed NAR showed significantly lower levels ( < 0.05) of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, malonaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, but increased ( < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity relative to those fed CON. Supplemental NAR increased ( < 0.05) adipose tissue adiponectin abundance, decreased inflammatory responses, and reduced oxidative stress. Lipidomic analysis showed that cows fed NAR had lower concentrations of ceramide species ( < 0.05) in the serum and adipose tissue than did the CON-fed cows. Adipose tissue proteomics showed that proteins related to lipolysis, ceramide biosynthesis, inflammation, and heat stress were downregulated ( < 0.05), while those related to glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and the extracellular matrix were upregulated ( < 0.05). Feeding NAR to cows may reduce the accumulation of ceramide by lowering serum levels of NEFA and LPS and increasing adiponectin expression, thereby decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, ultimately improving their systemic metabolic status. Including NAR in periparturient cows' diets improves lactational performance, reduces excessive lipolysis in adipose tissue, and decreases systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Integrating lipidomic and proteomic data revealed that reduced ceramide and increased glycerophospholipids may alleviate metabolic dysregulations in adipose tissue, which in turn benefits systemic metabolic status.
PubMed: 38929076
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060638 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) can counteract the deleterious effects of oxidative stress (OS). Their binding to the red blood...
Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) can counteract the deleterious effects of oxidative stress (OS). Their binding to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane has been reported in non-immune hemolytic anemias (NIHAs). Our aim was to evaluate the relationships between CAT, GPx, and Prx2, focusing on their role at the RBC membrane, in hereditary spherocytosis (HS), sickle cell disease (SCD), β-thalassemia (β-thal), and healthy individuals. The studies were performed in plasma and in the RBC cytosol and membrane, evaluating OS biomarkers and the enzymatic activities and/or the amounts of CAT, GPx, and Prx2. The binding of the enzymes to the membrane appears to be the primary protective mechanism against oxidative membrane injuries in healthy RBCs. In HS (unsplenectomized) and β-thal, translocation from the cytosol to the membrane of CAT and Prx2, respectively, was observed, probably to counteract lipid peroxidation. RBCs from splenectomized HS patients showed the highest membrane-bound hemoglobin, CAT, and GPx amounts in the membrane. SCD patients presented the lowest amount of enzyme linkage, possibly due to structural changes induced by sickle hemoglobin. The OS-induced changes and antioxidant response were different between the studied NIHAs and may contribute to the different clinical patterns in these patients.
PubMed: 38929068
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060629 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Mild heat (MH) treatment and ascorbic acid (AsA) addition can improve the quality of fresh-cut produce when used individually; however, their combined effect remains...
Mild heat (MH) treatment and ascorbic acid (AsA) addition can improve the quality of fresh-cut produce when used individually; however, their combined effect remains unclear. Herein, fresh-cut carrots were used as models to explore the effects of MH (50 °C)-AsA (0.5%) on quality properties including reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, antioxidants, lignin metabolism, naturally present microbes, and inoculated pathogens ( O157: H7 and Typhimurium) during storage (0-5 d, 4 °C). The results indicate that the antioxidant properties in the MH-AsA group were consistent with those of single treatments, resulting in a consistent ROS-scavenging effect. From day 3-5, lignin synthesis was significantly inhibited by MH-AsA as compared with single treatments, probably because the two enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase) responsible for lignin synthesis exhibited lower expressions. Microbial analysis revealed that MH-AsA treatment led to the lowest counts of both pathogens and aerobic mesophilic bacteria at 0-5 d. Conversely, the inhibitory effect of MH-AsA treatment on mold and yeast was consistent with the single treatments. These results suggest that MH-AsA is a low-cost and safe approach to improve the physiological characteristics of fresh-cut produce while reducing microbial risk.
PubMed: 38928845
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121904