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Wounds : a Compendium of Clinical... Feb 2022Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes. Recently, considerable progress has been achieved in techniques that promote wound healing. Autologous...
INTRODUCTION
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes. Recently, considerable progress has been achieved in techniques that promote wound healing. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one such technique that is gaining popularity. Platelet-rich plasma is thought to stimulate wound healing by releasing growth factors essential for healing.
OBJECTIVE
This research aimed to study the efficacy of PRP in managing chronic DFUs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy-two patients with chronic DFUs were equally divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated with activated PRP injection and gel on the surface of the ulcer, and the second group was treated with conventional dressing using normal saline to irrigate the wound, followed by coverage with petrolatum gauze and sterile dressing.
RESULTS
Both methods of treatment improved healing, but there was a significant increase in healing rate among the PRP group compared with the conventional dressing group (31/36 patients [86.11%] vs 23/36 patients [63.89%]; P =.029). Additionally, the healing duration was shorter in the PRP group than in the conventional dressing group (10.90 weeks ± 3.40 standard deviation vs 13.48 weeks ± 3.37, respectively; P =.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The use of autologous PRP results in a higher rate of wound healing in less time compared with conventional wound care in managing DFUs. Platelet-rich plasma is an effective and promising treatment for chronic DFUs; PRP enables healing in less time. This is expected to positively affect the individual's performance and minimize long-term health care expenditure on foot ulcers.
Topics: Bandages; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Foot; Humans; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Transplantation, Autologous; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35108667
DOI: 10.25270/wnds/2022.3642 -
Archives of Razi Institute Oct 2021Avian pasteurellosis (fowl cholera) is an important disease affecting domestic and wild birds all over the world. Although the capsular type A of is mostly involved,...
Avian pasteurellosis (fowl cholera) is an important disease affecting domestic and wild birds all over the world. Although the capsular type A of is mostly involved, other capsular types are occasionally incriminated. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of some adjuvants on immunogenicity and protectivity of bacterin in chickens, compared to an Iranian commercial vaccine. Eight-week-old chicken pullets were double vaccinated with an interval of three weeks. Vaccine immunogenicity testing was conducted using an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessing serum antibody titers at 7, 14, and 21 days post-primary and 14 days post-secondary immunization. The possible adverse effects were recorded by a poultry-disease expert. For evaluating the vaccine protection rate, chickens were subjected to 2×Lethal Dose 50%of a virulent strain two weeks post-secondary immunization. The rate of live and normal animals was regarded as protection rate 7days after the exposure. The findings showed that oil adjuvants Montanide ISA 70-and Montanide ISA 71-containingvaccines (with or without saponin) caused a powerful immune reaction than the aluminum adjuvanted vaccine and commercial vaccine (P<0.05). Significant protection against challenge was merely induced by the oil adjuvanted vaccines (P<0.05). The majority of the studied chickens showed inflammation at the injection site (yellow) throughout the trial. Vaccines made by Montanide ISA 70 and Montanide ISA 71 are novel and effective inactivated vaccines that are able to cause significant protection to fowl cholera disease.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Chickens; Female; Iran; Mineral Oil; Pasteurella multocida
PubMed: 35096310
DOI: 10.22092/ari.2020.343103.1495 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Oct 2022The constricted ear is an auricular deformity produced by a deficiency in the circumference of the helical rim. The classification and corrective methods for constricted...
BACKGROUND
The constricted ear is an auricular deformity produced by a deficiency in the circumference of the helical rim. The classification and corrective methods for constricted ears continue to be controversial. In order to identify them, the authors have reviewed and analyzed cases operated in a Chinese specialty clinic.
METHODS
Correction of constricted ears from January of 2017 to June of 2021 was retrospect through medical records. Data of patients' variables (including sex, age, laterality, type of constricted ear, presence of other ear anomalies), surgical techniques, esthetic outcomes, and postoperative complications have been collected.
RESULTS
The deformed ears were classified into four graded types by three criteria including deficiency of auricle cartilage, vertical height in dorsal view, and surgical outcome. A total of 68 constricted ears of 57 patients (type I, n = 6; type IIA, n = 41; type IIB, n = 19, and type III, n = 2) were enrolled in the study. Of the 66 constricted ears undergoing surgical correction, most of them were performed with helical expansion through auricular/costal cartilage graft, Mustardé-type mattress sutures, and tumbling cartilage flap. External molding using Vaseline gauze rolls was implemented on every case to assist reshaping the scapha. A triangular superficial temporal fascial flap was elevated to prevent the reoccurrence of lidding in some cases. Corrective techniques and esthetic outcomes for deformed cases of each graded type were described. Based on a four-point Likert scale, the average esthetic outcome score was 3.7.
CONCLUSIONS
The classification was practical and the constricted ears were effectively corrected by simple surgical procedures without removal of deformed auricular cartilage. All corrections were performed in one stage.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Humans; Ear, External; Retrospective Studies; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Treatment Outcome; Ear Cartilage; Ear Auricle; Petrolatum; China
PubMed: 35094132
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02699-1 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2022Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has the effect to protect skin from ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damages, but it is unstable under ambient conditions, being susceptible...
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has the effect to protect skin from ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damages, but it is unstable under ambient conditions, being susceptible to become brown in color. Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), an epimer counterpart of EGCG, is more stable chemically than EGCG. The potential effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin damages has not been available. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin photodamages. GCG was topically applied on the skin of hairless mice at three dosage levels (LL, 12.5 mg/mL; ML 25 mg/mL; HL, 50 mg/mL), with EGCG and a commercially available baby sunscreen lotion SPF50 PA as control. The mice were then irradiated by UVB (fluence rate 1.7 µmol/m s) for 45 min. The treatments were carried out once a day for 6 consecutive days. Skin measurements and histological studies were performed at the end of experiment. The results show that GCG treatments at ML and HL levels inhibited the increase in levels of skin oil and pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation, and improved the skin elasticity and collagen fibers. GCG at ML and HL levels inhibited the formation of melanosomes and aberrations in mitochondria of UVB-irradiated skin in hairless mice. It is concluded that GCG protected skin from UVB-induced photodamages by improving skin elasticity and collagen fibers, and inhibiting aberrations in mitochondria and formation of melanosomes.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Catechin; Female; Male; Melanosomes; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mitochondria; Petrolatum; Radiation Dosage; Skin; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 35079059
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05305-9 -
Integrated Pharmacy Research & Practice 2022Skin diseases are among the major contributors of disease burden in Ethiopia affecting individuals of all age. Extemporaneous compounding of topical medications serves...
BACKGROUND
Skin diseases are among the major contributors of disease burden in Ethiopia affecting individuals of all age. Extemporaneous compounding of topical medications serves as a necessary option to treat skin diseases when manufactured medications could not meet specific patient needs. Different classes of drugs are commonly used for the treatment of dermatologic diseases. Failure to periodically assess the prescribing pattern and patient needs may lead to inappropriate planning and implementation that ultimately compromise the service. Periodic prescription analysis for compounded medications helps to monitor the prescription pattern with respect to medication selection, disease condition, dosage form types and other relevant parameters. The current study was conducted to analyze the pattern of compounding prescriptions for dermatologicals in ALERT hospital.
METHODS
A cross-sectional design was conducted by retrospectively evaluating compounding prescription records of January and July, 2021. A total of 460 prescriptions in the hospital community pharmacy were systematically selected. Data related to disease pattern, product selection and dosage form type were extracted and analyzed. Data analysis was done using software for the statistical package for social science version 25.0.
RESULTS
A total of 441 prescriptions containing dermatological products for compounding were analyzed. Most patients were female (62.8%) and aged 30-64 years (44.0%). Psoriasis (36.2%), acne vulgaris (15.3%), and rosacea (13.4%) were the top 3 skin diseases for which the compounding preparations were prescribed. Salicylic acid (38.0%) was the most frequently prescribed drug followed by betamethasone (20.2%); while white petrolatum (47.2%) was the most common diluting agent used for compounding.
CONCLUSION
Psoriasis was the major dermatologic disease for compounding prescriptions and salicylic acid was the most frequent product used in compounding for treatment of the prescribed skin diseases.
PubMed: 35024353
DOI: 10.2147/IPRP.S346395 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2022Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids with fine magnetic particles. They change shape and fluidity depending on the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic field....
Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids with fine magnetic particles. They change shape and fluidity depending on the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic field. The magnetic field-responsive pulsatile release of a model drug, lidocaine hydrochloride (LID·HCl), was determined using a depot-type injection containing white petrolatum and/or hydrophilic cream with a magnetic fluid in various proportions. Drug release was confirmed using a self-made diffusion cell and the application of a moving magnet at the bottom of the preparation. Magnetic field-responsive LID release was observed only when using the white petrolatum preparation and depended on the concentration of the magnetic fluid. Magnetic field responsiveness was not observed in the preparation with only the hydrophilic cream. A greater magnetic field-responsive release was observed with a combination of white petrolatum and hydrophilic cream than with white petrolatum alone. These results may lead to the development of an injectable formulation that enables pulsatile administration of macromolecular drugs.
Topics: Diffusion; Drug Liberation; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lidocaine; Magnetic Fields; Particle Size
PubMed: 34980733
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00706 -
Non-destructive quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical ointment by transmission Raman spectroscopy.European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Feb 2022Transmission Raman spectroscopy was used to develop a non-destructive quantitative analytical model for the assay of a crystal dispersion-type ointment containing...
Transmission Raman spectroscopy was used to develop a non-destructive quantitative analytical model for the assay of a crystal dispersion-type ointment containing acyclovir as a model drug with a concentration of 3% w/w. The obtained Raman spectra were pre-processed by applying multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate, and first or second derivative by the Savitzky-Golay method to optimize the partial least squares (PLS) regression model. The optimized PLS model showed good prediction performance for 85%, 100%, and 115% label claims, with average recovery values of 100.7%, 99.3%, and 99.8%, respectively. Although the material properties and manufacturing method of acyclovir and white petrolatum were expected to be different from those of the calibration set, the mean recovery value of the commercial product was 104.2%. These results indicate that transmission Raman spectroscopy is a useful process analytical technology tool for product development and quality control of a crystal dispersion-type ointment with low drug concentration.
Topics: Calibration; Least-Squares Analysis; Ointments; Quality Control; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 34906685
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106095 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jan 2022Oral exposure to mineral oil may result in a narrow fraction of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbon (MOSH) being retained in tissues. Excess of MOSH hepatic retention may...
Oral exposure to mineral oil may result in a narrow fraction of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbon (MOSH) being retained in tissues. Excess of MOSH hepatic retention may lead to the formation of lipogranuloma caused by predominantly multiring cycloalkanes (naphthenics) in a critical range of C-C. Although hepatic lipogranuloma is of low pathological concern, MOSH tissue deposition could be minimized by using an oil of similar quality but devoid of naphthenic structures to decrease hepatic retention. Synthetic Gas to liquid (GTL) oils offer an alternative to petroleum derived mineral oils, because they do not contain naphthenic structures. To demonstrate this point, SD rats were fed either GTL oil (99% iso-alkanes) or naphthenic mineral oil (84% cycloalkanes) at 200 mg/kg bw/day for 90 or 134 days with a recovery group. Liver, fat and mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed for alkane sub-type levels using Online-HPLC-GC-FID and GCxGC-TOF-MS. Results indicate that at equal external dose, GTL hydrocarbons result in lower tissue levels and more rapid excretion than MOSH. GTL retained hepatic fractions were also qualitatively different than MOSH constituents. Because chemical composition differences, GTL oil show low absorption and tissue retention potential and thus an advantageous alternative to conventional mineral oil.
Topics: Animals; Cycloparaffins; Female; Liver; Lymph Nodes; Mineral Oil; Oils; Paraffin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 34838897
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112701 -
Biosensors Oct 2021Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) is a common respiratory infection generally treated with macrolides, but resistance mutations against macrolides are often detected in in...
Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) is a common respiratory infection generally treated with macrolides, but resistance mutations against macrolides are often detected in in China. Rapid and accurate identification of and its mutant type is necessary for precise medication. This paper presents a 3D-printed microfluidic device to achieve this. By 3D printing, the stereoscopic structures such as microvalves, reservoirs, drainage tubes, and connectors were fabricated in one step. The device integrated commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tubes as PCR chambers. The detection was a sample-to-answer procedure. First, the sample, a PCR mix, and mineral oil were respectively added to the reservoirs on the device. Next, the device automatically mixed the sample with the PCR mix and evenly dispensed the mixed solution and mineral oil into the PCR chambers, which were preloaded with the specified primers and probes. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was carried out with the homemade instrument. Within 80 min, and its mutation type in the clinical samples were determined, which was verified by DNA sequencing. The easy-to-make and easy-to-use device provides a rapid and integrated detection approach for pathogens and antibiotic resistance mutations, which is urgently needed on the infection scene and in hospital emergency departments.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Macrolides; Mineral Oil; Mutation; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 34821643
DOI: 10.3390/bios11110427 -
Vaccine Jan 2022Pvs48/45 is a Plasmodium vivax gametocyte surface protein involved in the parasite fertilization process. Previous studies showed that Pvs48/45 proteins expressed in...
BACKGROUND
Pvs48/45 is a Plasmodium vivax gametocyte surface protein involved in the parasite fertilization process. Previous studies showed that Pvs48/45 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were highly immunoreactive with sera from malaria-endemic areas and highly immunogenic in animal models. Here the immunogenicity in mice of three different vaccine formulations was compared.
METHODS
Recombinant (r) Pvs48/45 proteins were expressed in E. coli and CHO, purified, formulated in Alhydrogel, GLA-SE and Montanide ISA-51 adjuvants and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Animals were immunized on days 0, 20 and 40, and serum samples were collected for serological analyses of specific antibody responses using ELISA and immunofluorescence (IFAT). Additionally, ex-vivo transmission-reducing activity (TRA) of sera on P. vivax gametocyte-infected human blood fed to Anopheles albimanus in direct membrane feeding assays (DMFA) was evaluated.
RESULTS
Most immunized animals seroconverted after the first immunization, and some developed antibody peaks of 10 with all adjuvants. However, the three adjuvant formulations induced different antibody responses and TRA efficacy. While GLA-SE formulations of both proteins induced similar antibody profiles, Montanide ISA-51 formulations resulted in higher and longer-lasting antibody titers with CHO-rPvs48/45 than with the E. coli formulation. Although the CHO protein formulated in Alhydrogel generated a high initial antibody peak, antibody responses to both proteins rapidly waned. Likewise, anti-Pvs48/45 antibodies displayed differential recognition of the parasite proteins in IFAT and ex vivo blockade of parasite transmission to mosquitoes. The CHO-rPvs48/45 formulated in Montanide ISA-51 induced the most effective ex vivo parasite blockage.
CONCLUSIONS
Three out of six vaccine formulations elicited antibodies with ex vivo TRA. The CHO-rPvs48/45 Montanide ISA-51 formulation induced the most stable antibody response, recognizing the native protein and the most robust ex vivo TRA. These results encourage further testing of the vaccine potential of this protein.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Escherichia coli; Malaria Vaccines; Malaria, Vivax; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mineral Oil; Plasmodium vivax; Protozoan Proteins
PubMed: 34802791
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.036