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Central European Journal of Public... Sep 2022This study aimed to assess the predictors of allergic sensitisation to titanium and nickel in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the predictors of allergic sensitisation to titanium and nickel in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
METHODS
A total of 250 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were invited to participate, and 235 were analysed (67% females). A patch test was performed using nickel sulphate, titanium, titanium dioxide, titanium oxalate, titanium nitride, and petrolatum as control. In addition, clinical signs of the oral mucosa, gingiva, tongue, lips, and allergological history were assessed.
RESULTS
The predictors of metal allergic sensitisation in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were adult age (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2-5.5; p = 0.016), female sex (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.1-7.9; p = 0.025), exfoliative cheilitis (OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.9-12.4; p = 0.001), history of contact hypersensitivity (OR = 7.0; 95% CI: 1.3-35.4; p = 0.025), history of contact hypersensitivity to metals (OR = 8.3; 95% CI: 1.4-50.2; p = 0.021), and piercings (OR = 5.4; 95% CI: 2.1-13.9; p = 0.001). When predictors were analysed separately for these two metals, titanium sensitisation predictors were contact hypersensitivity to metals and piercing, whereas nickel sensitisation predictors were age and piercing.
CONCLUSION
A positive patch test alone cannot draw definite conclusions regarding allergy. However, metal allergies in patients with orthodontic appliances could be considered in cases of previous contact hypersensitivity, previous reactions to metals, exfoliative cheilitis, and piercing.
Topics: Adult; Cheilitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Nickel; Oxalates; Petrolatum; Titanium
PubMed: 36239365
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7122 -
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... Sep 2022This study aimed to investigate the effects of Montanide ISA-720 and Naloxone (NLX) in Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine formulation on cytokine and...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Montanide ISA-720 and Naloxone (NLX) in Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine formulation on cytokine and long-lasting antibody responses.
METHODS
First, the HBsAg was formulated in Montanide ISA-720 adjuvant and Naloxone at 5 and 10 mg/kg. The experimental mice were immunized three times at a 2-week interval, and then IL-4, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ cytokines; long-lasting IgG antibody responses 220 days after the last shot; and IgG1/IgG2a isotypes were assessed by ELISA.
RESULTS
The HBsAg-Alum group exhibited the highest IL-4 cytokine response among the experimental groups, whereas NLX in HBsAg-MON720 vaccine formulation did not affect cytokine responses. In addition, NLX in Alum-based vaccine suppressed IL-4 cytokine response and increased the IL-2/IL-4 cytokine ratio. Moreover, HBsAg-MON720 was more potent than HBsAg-Alum in the induction of antibody responses, and NLX in Alum- and MON720-based vaccines induced long-lasting antibody responses.
CONCLUSION
NLX in Alum-based vaccine decreased IL-4 cytokine response, increased IL-2/IL-4 cytokine ratio, and improved long-lasting humoral immune responses in both vaccine formulations. Therefore, the adjuvant activity of NLX in the vaccine formulation depends on the type of adjuvant and the nature of the antigen in the vaccine formulation.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Alum Compounds; Animals; Cytokines; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Immunity, Humoral; Immunoglobulin G; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mineral Oil; Naloxone; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36189994
DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.104 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Nov 2022Fecal specimens are critical for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. For domestic cats, lubricants are often necessary to obtain a sufficient...
BACKGROUND
Fecal specimens are critical for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. For domestic cats, lubricants are often necessary to obtain a sufficient quantity of sample. However, the effect of lubrication on feline microbiome analysis has not been assessed.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate if lubrication using mineral oil during cat feces sample collection affects the DNA extraction, metagenomic sequencing yield, and the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses.
ANIMALS
Eight 6-year-old male, neutered, domestic short-haired cats housed in a research facility.
METHODS
Cohort study. The gut microbiomes were investigated for fecal sample collection with and without lubrication using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing.
RESULTS
Fecal specimens were collected using a fecal loop under sedation without lubrication and with mineral oil lubrication. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the microbial DNA yield in ng/mg fecal sample (75.75 [25.8-125.7] vs 60.72 [33.49-87.95], P = .95), metagenomic sequencing yield in Gbp (10.31 [6.29-14.32] vs 13.53 [12.04-15.02], P = .2), proportion of host contamination (0.1 [0.02-0.18] vs 0.15 [0-0.3], P = .84), relative taxonomy abundance (P > .8), or the number of microbial genes covered (408 132 [341 556-474 708] vs 425 697 [358 505-492 889], P = .31).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Fecal sampling with mineral oil lubrication did not change the microbial DNA extraction yield, metagenomic sequencing yield, level of host contamination, the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Here we reported a proven cat-friendly protocol for fecal sample collection in clinical and research setting for gut microbiome analyses.
Topics: Male; Cats; Animals; Mineral Oil; Lubricants; Cohort Studies; Feces; Microbiota; DNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36181381
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16556 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Oct 2022Refined edible oils and fats are known to contain olefins resisting the typical epoxidation used for the sample preparation of mineral oil saturated and aromatic...
Automated workflow utilizing saponification and improved epoxidation for the sensitive determination of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils and fats.
Refined edible oils and fats are known to contain olefins resisting the typical epoxidation used for the sample preparation of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOSH and MOAH). These olefins can be misinterpreted as MOAH and are therefore an important reason for inconsistent results between laboratories. Collaborative trials confirm this assumption for low MOAH contents near the quantitation limits regularly. In the scope of this work, a new epoxidation approach was developed. Persistent olefins in refined oils could be successfully epoxidized with performic acid. The reaction kinetics was investigated using model substances for biogenic olefins and MOAH. It was rationalized why certain olefins resist epoxidation and which MOAH can potentially get lost. A prominent peak cluster in the MOAH fraction of refined palm oils could be identified by means of GC-MS and explained why it cannot be epoxidized. Based upon this, an automated and streamlined workflow for sample preparation and analysis was composed tackling major problems identified in previously published methods. Optimized and miniaturized saponification, extraction, epoxidation, and enrichment paired with online LC-GC-FID led to a robust method that was tested and validated for edible oils and fats (RSD < 7% for MOSH and MOAH at values of 14.9 and 2.1 mg/kg, respectively). Due to increased sample amount and minimized blank values, quantitation limits below 1 mg/kg for MOSH and MOAH were achieved. The trueness of the method was verified by analyzing collaborative trial samples.
Topics: Alkenes; Fats; Food Contamination; Hydrocarbons; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Mineral Oil; Plant Oils; Workflow
PubMed: 36179602
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463523 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2022The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel could alleviate pain during male catheterization. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel could alleviate pain during male catheterization.
METHODS
Between September 2021 and March 2022, a randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Urology Department of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (China). A total of 192 adult male patients requiring catheterization were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: 96 in the test group and 96 in the control group. The test group included patients who received oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel as urethral lubricant, while patients in the control group received liquid paraffin. The preoperative and postoperative pain scores were compared using nonparametric tests.
RESULTS
At the baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in preoperative pain scores between the test group (mean ± SD = 20.04 ± 2.68 mm) and the control group (mean ± SD = 20.21 ± 3.23 mm) (=0.694). Postoperative pain scores increased significantly in the test (mean ± SD = 31.98 ± 2.57 mm, < 0.001) and control groups (mean ± SD = 38.96 ± 2.02 mm, < 0.001) groups. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the test group (mean ± SD = 31.98 ± 2.57 mm) than those in the control group (mean ± SD = 38.96 ± 2.02 mm ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The use of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel significantly reduced pain during male urethral catheterization. The study provides evidence for clinicians to use oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel during male catheterization.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Humans; Lubricants; Male; Mineral Oil; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Procaine; Urinary Catheterization
PubMed: 36177365
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5734387 -
International Wound Journal Apr 2023Split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) are widely used in wound reconstruction. However, donor site wounds are created as a result. Traditionally, moist wound healing and...
Comparison of skin graft donor site management using oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen/silver-ORC with absorptive silicone adhesive border and transparent film dressing vs semi-occlusive dressings.
Split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) are widely used in wound reconstruction. However, donor site wounds are created as a result. Traditionally, moist wound healing and transparent film dressings have been used to promote donor site wound healing. This retrospective study evaluated the use of oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen/silver-ORC dressing (ORC/C/Ag-ORC) with an absorptive silicone adhesive border dressing and transparent film dressing (treatment) compared with petrolatum-based gauze dressing (control) over donor site wounds. Patients underwent an STSG procedure between January and December 2020. Donor sites received treatment (n = 10) or control (n = 10) dressings. Dressing changes occurred as necessary. Time to epithelialisation, narcotic pain medication requirements, and the number of office/hospital visits were examined. Twenty patients were managed (9 males, 11 females, average age: 49.7 ± 13.9 y). Patient comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Wound types included traumatic and cancer excision. Time to epithelialisation was significantly reduced in the treatment group (11.1 ± 1.4 d vs 18 ± 2.4 d, P < 0.0001). The number of office visits for dressing changes was significantly lower in the treatment group (0.1 ± 0.3 vs 2 ± 0.7, P < 0.0001). No patients in the treatment group required a hospital visit, compared with 3 patients in the control group. One patient in the treatment group required narcotic pain medication, compared with 5 in the control group. In this patient population, the use of ORC/C/Ag-ORC, an absorptive silicone adhesive border dressing, and transparent film dressing resulted in a shorter time to epithelialisation and less analgesic requirement compared with petrolatum-based gauze dressing use.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Occlusive Dressings; Silver; Skin Transplantation; Silicones; Retrospective Studies; Bandages; Collagen; Burns; Cellulose, Oxidized; Surgical Wound Infection; Petrolatum; Pain
PubMed: 36151766
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13968 -
Contact Dermatitis Jan 2023The textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% in petrolatum contains Disperse Blue (DB) 35, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Orange (DO) 1 and 3, Disperse Red 1 and 17, and DB 106 and 124....
Exclusion of Disperse Orange 3 is possible from the textile dye mix present in the Swedish baseline patch test series. A study by the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group.
BACKGROUND
The textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% in petrolatum contains Disperse Blue (DB) 35, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Orange (DO) 1 and 3, Disperse Red 1 and 17, and DB 106 and 124. The most frequent allergen in TDM-positive patients is DO 3. Around 85% of para-phenylenediamine (PPD)-allergic dermatitis patients have been positive to DO 3. There has been a discussion to exclude DO 3 from TDM 6.6% because of strong simultaneous reactions to TDM and PPD.
OBJECTIVES
To study if DO 3 can be excluded from TDM 6.6%.
METHODS
Patch tests were performed on 1481 dermatitis patients with TDM 6.6%, TDM 7.0% (without DO 3 but the other disperse dyes at 1.0% each), DO 3 1.0%, and PPD 1.0% pet.
RESULTS
Contact allergy to TDM 6.6% was 3.6% and to TDM 7.0% was 3.0%. All 26 DO 3-positive patients were positive to PPD. The 44 patients positive to TDM 7.0% plus the 13 positive to PPD and TDM 6.6% but negative to TDM 7.0% were 57, outnumbering the 53 positive to TDM 6.6%.
CONCLUSION
TDM 7.0% can replace TDM 6.6% in the Swedish baseline series, since TDM 7.0% together with PPD 1.0% will detect patients with textile dye allergy.
Topics: Humans; Patch Tests; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Sweden; Textiles; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 36112512
DOI: 10.1111/cod.14223 -
Efficiency and sensitivity optimization of a protocol to quantify indoor airborne SARS-CoV-2 levels.The Journal of Hospital Infection Dec 2022Development of methodologies to quantify airborne micro-organisms is needed for the prevention and control of infections. It is difficult to conclude which is the most...
BACKGROUND
Development of methodologies to quantify airborne micro-organisms is needed for the prevention and control of infections. It is difficult to conclude which is the most efficient and sensitive strategy to assess airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels due to the disparity of results reported in clinical settings.
AIM
To improve our previously reported protocol of measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels, which was based on bioaerosol collection with a liquid impinger and RNA quantification with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR).
METHODS
Air samples were collected in COVID-19 patient rooms to assess efficiency and/or sensitivity of different air samplers, liquid collection media, and reverse transcriptases (RT).
FINDINGS
Mineral oil retains airborne RNA better than does hydrophilic media without impairing integrity. SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab target was detected in 80% of the air samples using BioSampler with mineral oil. No significant differences in effectiveness were obtained with MD8 sampler equipped with gelatine membrane filters, but the SARS-CoV-2 copies/m air obtained with the latter were lower (28.4 ± 6.1 vs 9 ± 1.7). SuperScript II RT allows the detection of a single SARS-CoV-2 genome RNA molecule by ddPCR with high efficiency. This was the only RT that allowed the detection of SARS-CoV-2 N1 target in air samples.
CONCLUSION
The collection efficiency and detection sensivity of a protocol to quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in indoor air has been improved in the present study. Such optimization is important to improve our understanding of the microbiological safety of indoor air.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RNA, Viral; Mineral Oil
PubMed: 36100140
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.08.011 -
In Silico Pharmacology 2022Meclizine is antihistamine and is used in combination with pyridoxine to treat motion sickness. The in-silico study of meclizine prediction studied showed that meclizine...
Meclizine is antihistamine and is used in combination with pyridoxine to treat motion sickness. The in-silico study of meclizine prediction studied showed that meclizine has anti-eczema activity with possible activity 95. This research aimed to explore the anti-eczema activity of meclizine. Therefore, five formulations of meclizine ointment have been prepared using different bases (white base, simple ointment base, hydrophilic petrolatum base, hydrophilic, and emulsifying ointment bases). The efficiency of meclizine ointment has been evaluated by testing the physical compatibility and stability, homogeneity and irritant effect, absorbance and spreadability, chemical identification, calibration curve, drug content (assay), and dissolution test. This is followed by evaluating the ointment's effectiveness on volunteers and molecular docking. Five creams trials have been prepared, and two formulas (F3, and F5) have been selected for further evaluation. The formulas three and five (F3, F5) have passed the physical and chemical tests and showed compatibility, homogenous, absorbed, non-irritant, and stable with calibration curve (R = 0.9999). Then, the F3 formula was selected by testing them on seven volunteers after evaluating the irritant test. Four of the volunteers showed excellent recovery, and three of the volunteers suffered from uncomforting feelings and the formation of new pills. Therefore, F5 has been tested by eight volunteers that contain high oleaginous activity; five showed an excellent recovery, while three of the volunteers showed no difference. According to that, F5 is more efficient for eczema patients than F3, and Meclizine showed promising activity as an anti-eczema that requires further evaluation in the future.
PubMed: 36062215
DOI: 10.1007/s40203-022-00129-x -
Viruses Jul 2022The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus of the Narovirus genus, which is the causative agent of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever...
The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus of the Narovirus genus, which is the causative agent of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). CCHF is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia, with a high case-fatality rate of up to 50% in humans. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or effective therapies available for CCHF. The GEM-PA is a safe, versatile and effective carrier system, which offers a cost-efficient, high-throughput platform for recovery and purification of subunit proteins for vaccines. In the present study, based on a GEM-PA surface display system, a GEM-PA based vaccine expressing three subunit vaccine candidates (G-GP, including G-eG, G-eG and G-NAb) of CCHFV was developed, displaying the ectodomains of the structural glycoproteins eG, eG and NAb, respectively. According to the immunological assays including indirect-ELISA, a micro-neutralization test of pseudo-virus and ELISpot, 5 μg GPBLP combined with Montanide ISA 201VG plus Poly (I:C) adjuvant (A-G-GP-5 μg) elicited GP-specific humoral and cellular immunity in BALB/c mice after three vaccinations via subcutaneous injection (s.c.). The consistent data between IgG subtype and cytokine detection, ELISpot and cytokine detection indicated balanced Th1 and Th2 responses, of which G-eG vaccines could elicit a stronger T-cell response post-vaccination, respectively. Moreover, all three vaccine candidates elicited high TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine levels in the supernatant of stimulated splenocytes in vitro. However, the neutralizing antibody (nAb) was only detected in A-G-eG and A-G-eG vaccination groups with the highest neutralizing titer of 128, suggesting that G-eG could elicit a stronger humoral immune response. In conclusion, the GEM-PA surface display system could provide an efficient and convenient purification method for CCHFV subunit antigens, and the G-GP subunit vaccine candidates will be promising against CCHFV infections with excellent immunogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo; Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mineral Oil; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 36016285
DOI: 10.3390/v14081664