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Frontiers in Immunology 2022Peptide-based cancer vaccines have been shown to boost immune systems to kill tumor cells in cancer patients. However, designing an effective T cell epitope...
Peptide-based cancer vaccines have been shown to boost immune systems to kill tumor cells in cancer patients. However, designing an effective T cell epitope peptide-based cancer vaccine still remains a challenge and is a major hurdle for the application of cancer vaccines. In this study, we constructed for the first time a library of peptide-based cancer vaccines and their clinical attributes, named CancerVaccine (https://peptidecancervaccine.weebly.com/). To investigate the association factors that influence the effectiveness of cancer vaccines, these peptide-based cancer vaccines were classified into high (HCR) and low (LCR) clinical responses based on their clinical efficacy. Our study highlights that modified peptides derived from artificially modified proteins are suitable as cancer vaccines, especially for melanoma. It may be possible to advance cancer vaccines by screening for HLA class II affinity peptides may be an effective therapeutic strategy. In addition, the treatment regimen has the potential to influence the clinical response of a cancer vaccine, and Montanide ISA-51 might be an effective adjuvant. Finally, we constructed a high sensitivity and specificity machine learning model to assist in designing peptide-based cancer vaccines capable of providing high clinical responses. Together, our findings illustrate that a high clinical response following peptide-based cancer vaccination is correlated with the right type of peptide, the appropriate adjuvant, and a matched HLA allele, as well as an appropriate treatment regimen. This study would allow for enhanced development of cancer vaccines.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Cancer Vaccines; Humans; Melanoma; Mineral Oil; Peptides; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 35967400
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931612 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2022An analysis method was developed to detect chemical markers of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) from offset printing inks in food packaging materials. 16...
An analysis method was developed to detect chemical markers of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) from offset printing inks in food packaging materials. 16 aromatic hydrocarbons were used as target analytes and different solid phase extraction procedures (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were tested. The concentration range studied was 0.1-7.5 µg g with R2 higher than 0.9963, intraday RSD values below 5 %, RSD values between days lower than 12 %, recoveries higher than 80 %, LOD and LOQ lower than 0.09 μg g. Ten of the target analytes were identified in offset printing inks at concentrations between 2.28 and 8.59 µg g. Nine of them were also identified in the food packages examined in concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 0.33 µg g. These compounds were: methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, biphenyl, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, acenaphthene, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbiphenyl, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, 1-methylpyrene, benzo(b)naphtha(1,2-d)thiophene and 9,9'-dimethylfluorene. Mineral oil in food packaging was previously analysed by GC with flame ionization detection (FID).
Topics: Food Contamination; Food Packaging; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrocarbons; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Ink; Mineral Oil
PubMed: 35917790
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133745 -
Journal of Cardiology Nov 2022Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of omega-3-fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular events have largely shown no benefit. However, there... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of omega-3-fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular events have largely shown no benefit. However, there is debate about the benign nature of the placebo in these trials. We aimed to conduct a network meta-analysis of RCTs to compare the outcomes of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to various placebo oils.
METHODS
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through May, 2021 to identify RCTs investigating cardiovascular outcomes with omega-3-fatty acid formulations [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), decosahexanoic acid (DHA), or the combination] versus placebo or standard of care controls.
RESULTS
Our analysis included 17 RCTs that enrolled a total of 141,009 patients randomized to EPA (n=13,655), EPA+DHA (n=56,908), mineral oil placebo (n=5,338), corn oil placebo (n =8,876), olive oil placebo (n=41,009), and controls (no placebo oil; n=15,223). Rates of cardiovascular death [hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval, CI) =0.80 (0.65-0.98); p =0.033], myocardial infarction [HR (95% CI) =0.73 (0.55-0.97); p=0.029] and stroke [HR (95% CI) =0.74 (0.58-0.94); p=0.014] were significantly lower in those receiving EPA compared to those receiving mineral oil, but were not different from rates in those receiving other oils or controls. Rates of coronary revascularization were significantly lower in those receiving EPA than in those receiving either EPA+DHA, mineral oil, corn oil, or olive oil placebo, but not controls. All-cause death was similar among all groups, but combined EPA+DHA was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular death compared to controls [HR (95%CI): 0.83 (0.71-0.98)].
CONCLUSIONS
Our analyses demonstrate that although EPA supplementation lowers risk of coronary revascularization more than other oils, there may not be a benefit relative to standard of care. Further, EPA reduces the risk of cardiovascular events only in comparison to mineral oil and not when compared with other placebo oils or controls. In contrast, combined EPA+DHA was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular death compared to controls.
Topics: Corn Oil; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; Mineral Oil; Myocardial Infarction; Network Meta-Analysis; Olive Oil; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35914996
DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.07.008 -
Poultry Science Sep 2022This study was conducted to develop a recombinant Eimeria elongation factor-1α (EF-1α)-vaccination strategy against Eimeria maxima (E. maxima) infection by...
Co-administration of chicken IL-7 or NK-lysin peptide 2 enhances the efficacy of Eimeria elongation factor-1α vaccination against Eimeria maxima infection in broiler chickens.
This study was conducted to develop a recombinant Eimeria elongation factor-1α (EF-1α)-vaccination strategy against Eimeria maxima (E. maxima) infection by co-administering with chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) or chicken NK-lysin peptide 2 (cNK-2) in commercial broiler chickens. Chickens were divided into the following 5 groups: control (CON, no Eimeria infection), nonimmunized control (NC, PBS plus Montanide ISA 78 VG), Vaccination 1 (VAC1, 100 µg of recombinant EF-1α plus Montanide ISA 78 VG), Vaccination 2 (VAC2, VAC1 plus 1 µg of chIL-7), and Vaccination 3 (VAC3, VAC2 plus 5 µg of cNK-2 peptide). The first immunization except the cNK-2 injection was performed intramuscularly on day 4, and the secondary immunization was given with the same concentration of components as the primary immunization 1 wk later. All chickens except the CON group were orally inoculated with freshly prepared E. maxima (1.0 × 10 oocysts per chicken) oocysts on Day 19. The results of the in vivo vaccination trial showed that chickens of all groups immunized with recombinant EF-1α antigen (VAC1, VAC2, and VAC3) showed higher serum antibody levels to EF-1α, and co-injection with chIL-7 further increased the serum IL-7 level in the VAC2 and VAC3 groups. Chickens in the VAC2 group showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher body weight gains at 6 and 9 d post-E. maxima challenge infection (dpi) with reduced gut lesions in the jejunum at 6 dpi. The VAC3 group showed reduced fecal oocyst shedding compared to the nonimmunized and infected chickens (NC). At 4 dpi, E. maxima infection significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-β and IL-17F) and type Ι cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-10) in the jejunum (NC), but the expression of these cytokines was significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated in the VAC1, VAC2, and VAC3 groups. Furthermore, E. maxima challenge infection significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated the expressions of jejunal tight junction (TJ) proteins (Jam2 and Occludin) at 4 dpi, but their expression was up-regulated in the VAC2 and VAC3 groups. Collectively, these results show the protective effects of the EF-1α recombinant vaccine, which can be further enhanced by co-injection with chIL-7 or cNK-2 peptide against E. maxima infection.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Cytokines; Eimeria; Eimeria tenella; Interleukin-7; Mineral Oil; Oocysts; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Poultry Diseases; Proteolipids; Protozoan Vaccines; Vaccination; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 35905546
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102013 -
Waste Management & Research : the... Jan 2023Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were broadly applied worldwide as electrical insulators in transformers and power capacitors, due to their high dielectric constant and...
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were broadly applied worldwide as electrical insulators in transformers and power capacitors, due to their high dielectric constant and non-flammability. They were often added to mineral oils (MOs) and used as dielectric fluids, which are nowadays classified as hazardous waste. Indeed, the Stockholm Convention aims to eliminate the use of equipment with PCB content greater than 0.005 wt-% (=50 ppm) by 2025. Accurate identification and quantification of small traces of PCBs contained in MO thus represent a great analytical challenge. To achieve this goal, a simple, cost-effective and fast chromatographic process was developed to separate PCBs from MO, allowing to obtain reliable data to determine the concentration of PCBs, reduced to 2-3 ppm. Experimental and analytical methods, such as thin layer chromatography, column chromatography as well as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy, were applied to acquire a high level of qualitative and quantitative determination of PCBs in transformer MOs.
Topics: Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Mineral Oil; Electric Power Supplies
PubMed: 35876087
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X221105436 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022Although the use of sterile petroleum jelly gauze combined with nanochitosan film to wrap wounds has been proven to have good results, it has not been applied for...
Although the use of sterile petroleum jelly gauze combined with nanochitosan film to wrap wounds has been proven to have good results, it has not been applied for modified Devine surgery. The use of sterile petroleum jelly gauze alone in the modified Devine surgery to treat concealed penis in children has different effects. In this study, the systematic evaluation of the effect of the modified Devine technique (Vaseline gauze bandaging the wound) in the treatment of concealed penis in children is conducted. Furthermore, the application of nanochitosan film and Vaseline gauze in the modified Devine technique is proposed. By analytical search in PubMed, China Knowledge Network (CKN), and other Chinese and foreign literature databases, there are 13 studies describing the development of the penis during the follow-up period with high satisfaction of patients and their family members. In addition, systematic evaluations have shown that the complete removal of the fibrotic penile sarcoid tissue is an important reason for the remarkable curative effect of the modified Devine surgery in the treatment of concealed penis in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Penis; Petrolatum
PubMed: 35845736
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9882966 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Adjuvants are essential for vaccine development, especially subunit-based vaccines such as those containing recombinant proteins. Increasing the knowledge of the immune...
Adjuvants are essential for vaccine development, especially subunit-based vaccines such as those containing recombinant proteins. Increasing the knowledge of the immune response mechanisms generated by adjuvants should facilitate the formulation of vaccines in the future. The present work describes the immune phenotypes induced by Poly (I:C) and Montanide ISA 720 in the context of mice immunization with a recombinant protein based on the circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) sequence. Mice immunized with the recombinant protein plus Montanide ISA 720 showed an overall more robust humoral response, inducing antibodies with greater avidity to the antigen. A general trend for mixed Th1/Th2 inflammatory cytokine profile was increased in Montanide-adjuvanted mice, while a balanced profile was observed in Poly (I:C)-adjuvanted mice. Montanide ISA 720 induced a gene signature in B lymphocytes characteristic of heme biosynthesis, suggesting increased differentiation to Plasma Cells. On the other hand, Poly (I:C) provoked more perturbations in T cell transcriptome. These results extend the understanding of the modulation of specific immune responses induced by different classes of adjuvants, and could support the optimization of subunit-based vaccines.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Immune System; Immunity; Mice; Mineral Oil; Poly I-C; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 35844531
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910022 -
International Dental Journal Oct 2022The aim of this work was to review the protocol of the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for arresting caries, specifically the application time. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work was to review the protocol of the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for arresting caries, specifically the application time.
METHOD
Two researchers searched manufacturers' instructions, YouTube videos, and 5 databases (Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Manufacturers' instructions, videos from national dental organisations, and peer-reviewed journal articles that published the SDF application protocol in English for arresting caries were selected.
RESULTS
The review included 14 protocols from 15 publications from 4 manufacturers, 3 dental associations, and 7 author teams (one team had 2 articles). The American Dental Association and the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry provided their SDF application protocols on YouTube. The American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and 7 author teams published their protocols in journal articles. Seven publications suggested an SDF application time of 60 seconds. Seven publications suggested a time range of 10 seconds to 240 seconds. Two publications suggested caries excavation, but 4 publications suggested no caries excavation before SDF application. The procedures from at least 5 publications involved protecting the gingiva with petroleum jelly, isolating the carious tooth with cotton rolls, drying the carious lesion with a 3-in-1 syringe, applying SDF solution with a micro brush for 60 seconds, removing excess SDF solution with gauze, and applying fluoride varnish to the SDF-treated lesion.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the SDF application protocol is simple and straightforward, the published protocols could be different. Most publications suggested an SDF application time of 60 seconds, which can be long, particularly for young children and older adults.
Topics: Aged; Cariostatic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Petrolatum; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds
PubMed: 35843730
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.006 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022Air quality currently poses a major risk to human health worldwide. Transportation is one of the principal contributors to air pollution due to the quality of exhaust...
Influence of Adding Low Concentration of Oxygenates in Mineral Diesel Oil and Biodiesel on the Concentration of NO, NO and Particulate Matter in the Exhaust Gas of a One-Cylinder Diesel Generator.
Air quality currently poses a major risk to human health worldwide. Transportation is one of the principal contributors to air pollution due to the quality of exhaust gases. For example, the widely used diesel fuel is a significant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). To reduce the content NOx and PM, different oxygenated compounds were mixed into a mineral diesel available at the pump, and their effect on the composition of exhaust gas emissions was measured using a one-cylinder diesel generator. In this setup, adding methanol gave the best relative results. The addition of 2000 ppm of methanol decreased the content of NO by 56%, 2000 ppm of isopropanol decreased NO by 50%, and 2000 ppm ethanol decreased PM by 63%. An interesting question is whether it is possible to reduce the impact of hazardous components in the exhaust gas even more by adding oxygenates to biodiesels. In this article, alcohol is added to biodiesel in order to establish the impact on PM and NOx concentrations in the exhaust gases. Adding methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol at concentrations of 2000 ppm and 4000 ppm did not improve NOx emissions. The best results were using pure RME for a low NO content, pure diesel for a low NO content, and for PM there were no statistically significant differences.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Air Pollutants; Biofuels; Ethanol; Gasoline; Humans; Methanol; Mineral Oil; Nitrogen Dioxide; Nitrogen Oxides; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions
PubMed: 35805301
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137637 -
Molecular Immunology Sep 2022In this pre-clinical study, we designed a candidate vaccine based on severe acute respiratory syndrome-related -coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens and evaluated its...
Preclinical study of formulated recombinant nucleocapsid protein, the receptor binding domain of the spike protein, and truncated spike (S1) protein as vaccine candidates against COVID-19 in animal models.
BACKGROUND
In this pre-clinical study, we designed a candidate vaccine based on severe acute respiratory syndrome-related -coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity.
METHODS
SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein antigens, including truncated spike protein (SS1, lacking the N-terminal domain of S1), receptor-binding domain (RBD), and nucleoprotein (N) were used. Immunization program was performed via injection of RBD, SS1 +RBD, and SS1 +N along with different adjuvants, Alum, AS03, and Montanide at doses of 0, 40, 80, and 120 μg at three-time points in mice, rabbits, and primates. The humoral and cellular immunity were analyzed by ELISA, VNT, splenocyte cytokine assay, and flow cytometry.
RESULTS
The candidate vaccine produced strong IgG antibody titers at doses of 80 and 120 μg on days 35 and 42. Even though AS03 and Montanide produced high-titer antibodies compared to Alum adjuvant, these sera did not neutralize the virus. Strong virus neutralization was recorded during immunization with SS1 +RBD and RBD with Alum. AS03 and Montanide showed a strong humoral and cellular immunity; however, Alum showed mild to moderate cellular responses. Ultimately, no cytotoxicity and pathologic change were observed.
CONCLUSION
These findings strongly suggest that RBD with Alum adjuvant is highly immunogenic as a potential vaccine.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Antigens, Viral; COVID-19; Mice; Mineral Oil; Models, Animal; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Rabbits; Recombinant Proteins; SARS-CoV-2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 35802999
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.007