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Indian Journal of Public Health Oct 2023The Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh has a very high tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, there is no report of adverse drug reaction (ADR) available in patients receiving... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Adverse Drug Reaction Patterns of First-line Anti-tubercular Drugs among Saharia Tuberculosis Patients: An Observational Study in Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Madhya Pradesh, India.
The Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh has a very high tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, there is no report of adverse drug reaction (ADR) available in patients receiving anti-TB chemotherapy in the community. Reporting and monitoring of ADRs among TB patients is still rare in marginalized communities. An observational prospective study was performed from November 2019 to June 2020 to assess the patterns of ADRs in 250 Saharia TB patients, who were prescribed Category-I daily DOTS (HRZE) by the physician. Both male and female participants equally experienced ADR during the treatment, but relatively more females (92.6%) than males (88.6%) reported ADR during Phase I. Out of 250 patients, 224 patients (89.6%) experienced one or more ADRs in Phase I. The central nervous system-related (75.6%) ADR was mostly reported followed by any gastrointestinal (74.4%), cardiovascular (49.2%) and any dermatological related (44.4%) ADRs. It is paramount to timely monitor and proactively manages ADRs pertaining to anti-TB drug treatment with minimal alteration in the treatment course.
Topics: Humans; India; Male; Female; Antitubercular Agents; Adult; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Tuberculosis; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Adolescent; Young Adult; Directly Observed Therapy; Aged
PubMed: 38934815
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_865_22 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Dental caries is a dynamic process. By using therapeutic agents, early, noncavitated lesions and caries limited to the enamel can be stopped or even remineralized. For... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is a dynamic process. By using therapeutic agents, early, noncavitated lesions and caries limited to the enamel can be stopped or even remineralized. For the remineralization of the initial carious lesion, many nonfluoridated remineralizing agents were investigated.
OBJECTIVES
An observational study to assess the remineralizing efficacy of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and ozone remineralizing agents on the artificial carious lesion.
METHODOLOGY
In this observational research, the artificial carious lesion was produced on extracted 40 premolar teeth. Later, remineralizing agents (Group A: nHAp, Group B: TCP, Group C: Ozone remineralizing agents, Group D: Control group (Deionized water) were used to remineralize demineralized teeth. Utilizing the Vickers Hardness Number, the level of demineralization and remineralization was assessed. Later these readings were statistically assessed using the Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) and ANOVA tests in SPSS version 21.0. The P value was set at 0.05 or less.
RESULTS
After demineralization, there was a decrease in enamel microhardness values, with 32% in Group A, 26% in Group B, 22% in Group C, and 21% in Group D, respectively. From the baseline to demineralization, there was a statistically significant decrease in microhardness across all groups. After remineralization, Groups A, B, and C experienced an increase in microhardness while Group D experienced no changes. This showed that Group A had the highest remineralization percentage, followed by Group B and Group C.
CONCLUSION
nHAp and TCP had the greater remineralizing ability, which can be used to manage initial carious lesions.
Topics: Calcium Phosphates; Tooth Remineralization; Durapatite; Dental Caries; Humans; Ozone; In Vitro Techniques; Cariostatic Agents; Bicuspid; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 38934756
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_704_22 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
AIMS
Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of bilateral teeth posterior to canine in interval of one week.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Thirty-five patients were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two different groups: Group 1 - (2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000)) and Group 2 - (4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000)) solution. The study variables for each anaesthetic agent were: onset of action and depth of anaesthesia. A pulp tester was used to demonstrate quantitative values and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for qualitative evaluation of the two anaesthetic drugs in 2 min cycle for 10 min with respect to test canine. Anaesthesia was considered successful when pulp tester value 64 was achieved in 10 min for both the anaesthetic agent.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
The difference in the efficacy of lignocaine and articaine was analysed using Student's t test. Within group comparison of the response to the pulp vitality test and VAS over various time periods was analysed using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni test.
RESULTS
Data analysis showed statistical differences in onset and depth of anaesthesia between the two groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
4% Articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) onset of action is faster and depth of anaesthesia is better compared to 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000). Many previous studies reported onset of anaesthesia, but this study evaluates onset and depth of both the anaesthetic agent quantitatively and qualitatively.
Topics: Humans; Carticaine; Lidocaine; Anesthetics, Local; Nerve Block; Mandibular Nerve; Epinephrine; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Young Adult; Male; Dental Pulp Test; Dental Pulp; Pain Measurement; Female; Tooth Extraction; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Adolescent; Cuspid; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38934747
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_678_23 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are chronic inflammatory diseases that increase inflammatory Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels that induce the production of advanced...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are chronic inflammatory diseases that increase inflammatory Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels that induce the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) causing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression on osteoclasts, contributing to further alveolar bone destruction.
AIM
To assess the role and diagnostic potential of salivary IL-6 (SIL-6) in the detection and evaluation of chronic periodontitis (CP) and tooth loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study comprised 240 subjects aged 30-69 years with minimum of 15 natural teeth. Fasting, unstimulated whole saliva was collected, full-mouth intra-oral examination and periodontal evaluation were performed using PCP-UNC 15 probe and glycaemic (HbA1c) levels were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Subjects were categorised into four groups of 60 participants each: Group 1 (controls); Group 2 (CP); Group 3 (T2DM with CP); Group 4 (T2DM with CP and tooth loss). Salivary IL-6 levels were quantitatively assessed by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay method.
RESULTS
Average SIL-6 levels were significantly elevated in Group 4 (T2DM with CP and tooth loss) (P = 0.001) and in severe periodontitis (P = 0.001). Karl Pearson Correlation found a significant association between average SIL-6 and average periodontal pocket depth (APPD) (r = 0.180), average clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm (ACAL3) (r = 0.289) and severity of periodontitis (r = 0.3228). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve depicted an overall sensitivity of 53.3%, specificity of 68.6% and accuracy of 60% in the detection and assessment of CP in T2DM with tooth loss.
CONCLUSION
IL-6 in saliva is a valuable, non-invasive biomarker in the detection and evaluation of CP in T2DM with tooth loss.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Middle Aged; Interleukin-6; Saliva; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Tooth Loss; Adult; Male; Aged
PubMed: 38934745
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_112_23 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024To comparatively evaluate the effect of normal saline gel and ozonated saline-ozonated gel (ozone therapy) on pain, inflammation, soft tissue, and crestal bone loss in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
AIMS
To comparatively evaluate the effect of normal saline gel and ozonated saline-ozonated gel (ozone therapy) on pain, inflammation, soft tissue, and crestal bone loss in dental implant surgery.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Forty adult patients scheduled to undergo implant were randomized into two groups: Twenty patients (n = 20) received ozone therapy and controls (n = 20) received normal saline and gel during implant placement. Inflammation and pain were noted at days 1 and 7 and 3 month intervals by estimating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and assessing visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. At 3 months, soft tissue outcomes were noted in terms of plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth, while crestal bone loss was noted via a radiograph.
RESULTS
Mean CRP levels were significantly higher in the control group as compared to that in the case group on day 1 and day 7 follow-ups (P < 0.05). Mean VAS scores for pain were also lower in the case group as compared to the control group at all follow-ups, but the difference was significant statistically only at day 1 (P = 0.061). The plaque index was significantly lower in the case group as compared to the control group (P = 0.011) at final follow-up. No significant difference between two groups was observed for crestal bone loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Ozone therapy during implant placement was effective in reduction of pain, systemic inflammation, and plaque deposition in dental implant patients.
Topics: Humans; Ozone; Gels; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Saline Solution; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque Index; Alveolar Bone Loss; Periodontal Index; Pain Measurement; Dental Implantation; Inflammation
PubMed: 38934740
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_591_23 -
Hepatology Communications Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Rifaximin; Lactulose; Gastrointestinal Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Recurrence; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Secondary Prevention
PubMed: 38934704
DOI: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000501 -
Hepatology Communications Jul 2024The incidence of gallbladder diseases is as high as 20%, but whether gallbladder diseases contribute to hepatic disorders remains unknown.
BACKGROUND
The incidence of gallbladder diseases is as high as 20%, but whether gallbladder diseases contribute to hepatic disorders remains unknown.
METHODS
Here, we established an animal model of gallbladder dysfunction and assessed the role of a diseased gallbladder in cholestasis-induced hepatic fibrosis (CIHF).
RESULTS
Mice with smooth muscle-specific deletion of Mypt1, the gene encoding the main regulatory subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 [MYPT1]), had apparent dysfunction of gallbladder motility. This dysfunction was evidenced by abnormal contractile responses, namely, inhibited cholecystokinin 8-mediated contraction and nitric oxide-resistant relaxation. As a consequence, the gallbladder displayed impaired bile filling and biliary tract dilation comparable to the alterations in CIHF. Interestingly, the mutant animals also displayed CIHF features, including necrotic loci by the age of 1 month and subsequently exhibited progressive fibrosis and hyperplastic/dilated bile ducts. This pathological progression was similar to the phenotypes of the animal model with bile duct ligation and patients with CIHF. The characteristic biomarker of CIHF, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, was also elevated in the mice. Moreover, we observed that the myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 protein level was able to be regulated by several reagents, including lipopolysaccharide, exemplifying the risk factors for gallbladder dysfunction and hence CIHF.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose that gallbladder dysfunction caused by myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 ablation is sufficient to induce CIHF in mice, resulting in impairment of the bile transport system.
Topics: Animals; Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Liver Cirrhosis; Cholestasis; Gallbladder Diseases; Gallbladder; Male; Mice, Knockout
PubMed: 38934703
DOI: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000473 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Jun 2024Erectile dysfunction can cause self-withdrawal and decreased quality of life. Patients who do not respond to pharmacological therapy and other conservative treatments... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Erectile dysfunction can cause self-withdrawal and decreased quality of life. Patients who do not respond to pharmacological therapy and other conservative treatments are urged to undergo penile prosthesis implantation. Malleable penile prosthesis was the first prosthesis developed, but then inflatable penile prosthesis was developed to give a more natural erection. There is no meta-analysis comparing inflatable and malleable penile prostheses in terms of safety and efficacy. This study is conducted to evaluate patient and partner satisfaction, ease of use, mechanical failure, and infection rate in patients who underwent penile prosthesis implantation.
METHOD
This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. Five eligible studies were included from Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SemanticScholar databases.
RESULT
In this study, patient and partner satisfaction are significantly better (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.66-6.93, p = 0.0008) (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.75-3.08, p < 0.00001). Mechanical failure is also significantly higher in inflatable penile prostheses (OR 5.60, 95% CI 2.02-15.53, p = 0.0009). There is no significant difference in terms of ease of use and infection rate in inflatable or malleable penile prostheses.
CONCLUSIONS
This study concluded that inflatable penile prosthesis is better in terms of patient and partner satisfaction, but mechanical failures occur more frequently in this type of prosthesis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Erectile Dysfunction; Penile Prosthesis; Patient Satisfaction; Prosthesis Design; Penile Implantation; Treatment Outcome; Quality of Life; Prosthesis Failure
PubMed: 38934528
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12353 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Jun 2024The management of chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III (CP/CPPS) has been always considered complex due to several biopsychological factors...
OBJECTIVE
The management of chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III (CP/CPPS) has been always considered complex due to several biopsychological factors underlying the disease. In this clinical study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment with Palmitoylethanolamide, Epilobium and Calendula extract in patients with CP/CPPS III.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From June 2023 to July 2023, we enrolled 45 consecutive patients affected by CP/CPPS type III in three different institution. We included patients aged between 18 and 75 years with symptoms of pelvic pain for 3 months or more before the study, a total National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score ≥ 12 point and diagnosed with NIH category III, according to 4-glass test Meares-Stamey test. Patients were then allocated to receive rectal suppositories of PEA, Epilobium and Calendula, 1 suppository/ die for 1 month. All patients have been tested with standard urinalysis in order to assess urinary leukocytes (U-WBC). The primary endpoint of the study was the reduction of NIHCPSI. The secondary outcomes were the change of peak flow, post-void residual (PVR), IIEF-5, VAS score, PSA and decrease of U-WBC.
RESULTS
A total of 45 patients concluded the study protocol. At baseline, the median age of all the patients included in the cohort was 49 years, the median PSA was 2.81 ng/ml, the median NIH-CPSI was 18.55, the median IIEF-5 was 18.27, the median U-WBC was 485.3/mmc, the median VAS score was 6.49, the median PVR was 26.5 ml and the median peak flow was 16.3 ml/s. After 1 month of therapy we observed a statistically significant improvement of NIH-CPSI, U-WBC, PSA, IIEF-5, peak flow, PVR and VAS.
CONCLUSIONS
In this observational study, we showed the clinical efficacy of the treatment with PEA, Epilobium and Calendula, 1 suppository/die for 1 month, in patients with CP/CPPS III. The benefits of this treatment could be related to the reduction of inflammatory cells in the urine that could imply a reduction of inflammatory cytokines. These results should be confirmed in further studies with greater sample size.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; Prostatitis; Suppositories; Amides; Aged; Palmitic Acids; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Ethanolamines; Plant Extracts; Epilobium; Calendula; Adolescent; Chronic Disease; Pelvic Pain
PubMed: 38934521
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12582 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Dec 2024This study aimed to compare the tissue damage caused by barbed sutures and conventional sutures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Porcine myocardium was incised... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study aimed to compare the tissue damage caused by barbed sutures and conventional sutures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Porcine myocardium was incised and sutured using different thread types: barbed suture, (STRATAFIX Spiral PDS PLUS) and conventional sutures, (VICRYL and PDS Plus). Needle hole shapes were examined at magnifications of 30×-100×. VICRYL suture damaged the tissue and created large gaps around the needle holes. The tissue around the needle holes was smoother and less damaged in the single suture ligations with PDS; however, a large gap had formed. In the continuous suture with STRATAFIX, the tissue around the needle holes was significantly smoother and minimally damaged, with no noticeable gaps around the needle holes. Barbed sutures reduced the load on needle holes and minimised tissue damage owing to the dispersion of traction forces by the barbs compared with conventional sutures.
Topics: Animals; Sutures; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Swine; Suture Techniques; Models, Animal; Polyglactin 910; Myocardium
PubMed: 38934494
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2370973