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Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Dec 2023To investigate the diversity and clinical effect of supraclavicular island flap in repairing the defect after head and neck tumor surgery. A retrospective analysis was...
To investigate the diversity and clinical effect of supraclavicular island flap in repairing the defect after head and neck tumor surgery. A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 patients who received the repair of head and neck defects with supraclavicular island flaps at Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 to March 2023. The sites and types of defects, intraoperative blood loss, time of flaps preparation, areas of flaps, survival of the flaps and other complications were recorded. A total of 30 patients were enrolled, including 26 males and 4 females, aged 36-82 years. Among them, 22 patients with hypopharyngeal partial defect were repaired (19 patients with ipsilateral defect and 3 patients with contralateral defect). In addition, 2 patients were repaired with contralateral pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap around the hypopharynx, the neck skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the parotid skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the temporal bone skin defect was repaired in 1 patient, and the cervical esophageal defect was repaired in 1 patient. The average blood loss during the operation was 8 ml, and the average time was 32 min. The flap areas ranged from 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 20.0 cm×8.0 cm. 27 of 30 flaps survived(90.0%), and pharyngeal fistula occurred in 6 patients after operation(4 flaps survived after local dressing). One patient was complicated with venous thrombosis(the flap necrosis after local dressing). Shoulder and neck functions(lift, internal rotation and abduction) were not significantly affected in 29 patients, and the function of 1 patient with shoulder infection was not affected after treatment. Supraclavicular island flap is a highly vascularized axial fascial flap. It is easy to make, thin, and soft in texture, and can be used to repair different sites and types of postoperative head and neck tumor defects with a low donor site complication rate. Good results in post-operative repair of head and neck tumors are worth promoting.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Skin Transplantation; Soft Tissue Injuries; Treatment Outcome; Surgical Flaps; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 38114322
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.12.016 -
Disease Models & Mechanisms Jan 2024eNOS (NOS3) is the enzyme that generates nitric oxide, a signalling molecule and regulator of vascular tone. Loss of eNOS function is associated with increased...
eNOS (NOS3) is the enzyme that generates nitric oxide, a signalling molecule and regulator of vascular tone. Loss of eNOS function is associated with increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and stroke. Aortopathy and cardiac hypertrophy have also been found in eNOS null mice, but their aetiology is unclear. We evaluated eNOS nulls before and around birth for cardiac defects, revealing severe abnormalities in the ventricular myocardium and pharyngeal arch arteries. Moreover, in the aortic arch, there were fewer baroreceptors, which sense changes in blood pressure. Adult eNOS null survivors showed evidence of cardiac hypertrophy, aortopathy and cartilaginous metaplasia in the periductal region of the aortic arch. Notch1 and neuregulin were dysregulated in the forming pharyngeal arch arteries and ventricles, suggesting that these pathways may be relevant to the defects observed. Dysregulation of eNOS leads to embryonic and perinatal death, suggesting mutations in eNOS are candidates for causing congenital heart defects in humans. Surviving eNOS mutants have a deficiency of baroreceptors that likely contributes to high blood pressure and may have relevance to human patients who suffer from hypertension associated with aortic arch abnormalities.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Heart; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Aorta; Heart Defects, Congenital; Mice, Knockout; Hypertension; Cardiomegaly; Embryo, Mammalian
PubMed: 38111957
DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050265 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2023as a public health policy, the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination drives require continuous tracking, tracing, and testing of severe acute respiratory...
INTRODUCTION
as a public health policy, the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination drives require continuous tracking, tracing, and testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic testing is important in virus detection and understanding its spread for timely intervention. This is especially important for low-income settings where the majority of the population remains untested. This is well supported by the fact that of about 9% of the Kenyan population had been tested for the virus.
METHODS
this was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Kisumu and Siaya Referral Hospitals in Kenya. Here we report on the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid antigen detection test (Ag-RDT) of SARS-CoV-2 compared with the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using stool and nasopharyngeal swab samples. Further, the mean Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in western Kenya were evaluated.
RESULTS
the sensitivity and specificity of Ag-RDT were 76.3% (95% CI, 59.8-88.6%) and 96.3% (95% CI, 87.3-99.5%) with a negative and positive predictive value of 85% (95% CI, 73.8%-93.0%) and 93% (95% CI, 78.6%-99.2%) respectively. There was substantial agreement of 88% (Kappa value of 0.75, 95% CI, 0.74-0.77) between Ag-RDT and nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR, and between stool and nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR results (83.7% agreement, Kapa value 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.80). The mean IgM and IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 were not different in asymptomatic individuals, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.78-1.44) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.65-1.11) compared to symptomatic individuals 4.30 (95% CI 3.30-5.31) and 4.16 (95% CI 3.32 -5.00).
CONCLUSION
the choice of an appropriate SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic, screening, and surveillance test should be guided by the specific study needs and a rational approach for optimal results.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Kenya; Antibodies, Viral; Immunoglobulin M; Sensitivity and Specificity; Immunoglobulin G; Nasopharynx
PubMed: 38107343
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.21.39483 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Dec 2023To explore the mechanism of in treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
OBJECTIVES
To explore the mechanism of in treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
METHODS
The active ingredients and targets of for treatment of AD were screened with network pharmacology methods, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the core targets were analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriching analysis was performed. The peripheral blood lymphocytes were extracted and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were constructed and an cell model of LCL-SKNMC was established. MTT and CCK-8 methods were used to quantify SKNMC/LCL cells, 2 ´, 7 ´-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the generation of Aβ in a co-cultured model. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression in the co-culture model. The lifespan of N2 nematodes was observed under oxidative stress, normal state, and heat stress; ROS generated by N2 nematodes was detected by DCFH-DA probes. The paralysis time of CL4176 N2 nematodes was evaluated by paralysis assay, and Aβ deposition in the pharynx was detected by Thioflavin S staining.
RESULTS
Through network pharmacology, 15 potential active ingredients and 103 drug-disease targets were identified. PPI analysis showed that the might play anti-AD roles through albumin, Akt1, tumor necrosis factor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and other related targets. KEGG analysis showed that the pharmacological effects of might involve the biological processes of Alzheimer's disease, endocrine resistance, insulin resistance; and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetes complications, neurotrophic factor signaling pathway and others. The cell experiments showed that was able to reduce the production of ROS and Aβ (both <0.01), inhibit the expression of β-secretase 1 (BACE1), APP and Aβ proteins (all <0.05), up-regulate the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-GSK3β/GSK3β in SKNMC cells (all <0.05). The studies further confirmed that prolonged the lifespan of under stress and normal conditions, reduced the accumulation of ROS and the toxicity of Aβ deposition.
CONCLUSIONS
may reduce the production of Aβ in AD and inhibit its induced oxidative stress, which may be achieved by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
Topics: Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Caenorhabditis elegans; Network Pharmacology; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Paralysis; Mammals; Fluoresceins
PubMed: 38105702
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0362 -
Medecine Tropicale Et Sante... Sep 2023Tonsillar tuberculosis is the infectious localization of Koch's bacillus in the palatine tonsils. It is rare. Tonsillar tuberculosis associated with miliary tuberculosis...
UNLABELLED
Tonsillar tuberculosis is the infectious localization of Koch's bacillus in the palatine tonsils. It is rare. Tonsillar tuberculosis associated with miliary tuberculosis is even more exceptional.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our work is to report a rare case of tuberculous tonsillitis associated with miliary tuberculosis.
PATIENT AND METHODS
This was a case of tonsillar tuberculosis associated with miliary tuberculosis. The main complaint was chronic odynophagia, which had been present for 7 months and was associated with weight loss. Questioning also revealed alcohol, tobacco and marijuana consumption.
RESULTS
Oropharyngoscopy revealed an enlarged, ulcerated and hemorrhagic right tonsil, suggesting a malignant lesion. Diagnostic tonsillectomy with anatomopathological examination of the surgical specimen led to the diagnosis of tonsillar tuberculosis. A postoperative chest X-ray revealed tuberculous miliaria. No other tuberculosis site was identified. No other confirmatory biological tests were carried out. The patient was treated with 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) during 2 months and 2 anti-tuberculosis drugs (Rifampicin, Isoniazid) during 4 months. The evolution was favorable and the patient was declared cured at the end of treatment. There was no recurrence after 5 years.
CONCLUSION
Tonsillar tuberculosis is rare. Tonsillar tuberculosis associated with pulmonary miliaria is even more exceptional. Tonsil biopsy for anatomopathological examination is sufficient for diagnosis. A chest X-ray should be requested as part of the preoperative workup prior to any tonsillar biopsy or tonsillectomy. GeneXpert (MTB/RIF) should be carried out if possible, not only for its value in the biological confirmation of tuberculosis but also to identify rifampicin resistance. Antibacillary treatment often leads to a favorable outcome.
Topics: Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Rifampin; Isoniazid; Tuberculosis, Miliary; Burkina Faso; Antitubercular Agents
PubMed: 38094480
DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i3.2023.422 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common upper respiratory disorder in children. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been implicated in AH. However, the interplay of...
INTRODUCTION
Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common upper respiratory disorder in children. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been implicated in AH. However, the interplay of alteration of gut microbiome and enlarged adenoids remains elusive.
METHODS
119 AH children and 100 healthy controls were recruited, and microbiome profiling of fecal samples in participants was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) was conducted to verify the effects of gut microbiota on immune response in mice.
RESULTS
In AH individuals, only a slight decrease of diversity in bacterial community was found, while significant changes of microbial composition were observed between these two groups. Compared with HCs, decreased abundances of , and genera and increased abundances of , , genera were revealed in AH patients. The abundance of remained stable with age in AH children. Notably, a microbial marker panel of 8 OTUs were identified, which discriminated AH from HC individuals with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9851 in the discovery set, and verified in the geographically different validation set, achieving an AUC of 0.9782. Furthermore, transfer of mice with fecal microbiota from AH patients dramatically reduced the proportion of Treg subsets within peripheral blood and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and promoted the expansion of Th2 cells in NALT.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the effect of the altered gut microbiota in the AH pathogenesis.
Topics: Child; Humans; Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adenoids; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Hypertrophy; Bacteroides
PubMed: 38090578
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277351 -
Avicenna Journal of Medical... 2023, also called Giao-co-lam, is a traditional Vietnamese herb, also known as the "Herb of Immortality", that grows throughout Asian countries and is used for the treatment...
BACKGROUND
, also called Giao-co-lam, is a traditional Vietnamese herb, also known as the "Herb of Immortality", that grows throughout Asian countries and is used for the treatment of hematuria, edema in the pharynx and neck, tumors, and trauma.
METHODS
In this study, we investigated the effects of culture conditions on cell growth and total gypenoside accumulation in the GP suspension cells. Cells were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 KIN and 0.5 IBA, and different inoculum sizes (2-4 ) for 10-24 days.
RESULTS
The results showed that the optimum inoculum size and shaking speed were 3 of callus and 120 , respectively. The highest cell biomass reached was 5.833 of fresh weight, corresponding to 0.136 of dry weight after 20 days of culture. The total gypenoside and Rb1 accumulation was the highest after 18 days of culture, with 46.498 and 0.038 dry weight, respectively. In addition, the crude extract from GP cell suspension cultures remarkably improved pathological changes in mouse testicular tissue after scrotal heat exposure. Blood testosterone levels were significantly increased in heat-exposed mice treated with the GP cell suspension culture extract.
CONCLUSION
Taken together, these results suggest that GP bio-mass production by cell suspension cultures leads to the accumulation of gypenosides in large amounts, and provides the potential for the recovery of spermatogenesis following heat stress.
PubMed: 38078338
DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13491 -
International Journal of Implant... Dec 2023The objective was to investigate the details of the attachments of the mylohyoid muscle to the mandible anterior to the hyoid and mylohyoid lines to understand the...
Structural analysis of the mylohyoid muscle as a septum dividing the floor of the oral cavity for the purposes of dental implant surgery: variety of muscle attachment positions and ranges of distribution.
OBJECTIVES
The objective was to investigate the details of the attachments of the mylohyoid muscle to the mandible anterior to the hyoid and mylohyoid lines to understand the positional relationship between the sublingual space and the mylohyoid, knowledge that is essential for dental implant surgery in the incisal region, as well as the routes of communication between the sublingual space and other spaces.
METHODS
While evaluating the presence or absence of an anterior mylohyoid muscle fiber attachment to the mandible, sublingual gland herniation, spaces between muscle fascicles were also recorded as sites of penetration. The mean muscle thickness in each of these areas was also calculated.
RESULTS
In all specimens, the mylohyoid originated not only from the mylohyoid line but also from the lingual surface of the center of the mandibular body (the mandibular symphysis) below the mental spines. The mylohyoid muscle fascicles were thickest in the posterior region, and further anterior to this, they tended to become thinner. Sublingual gland herniations passing through the mylohyoid were noted in the anterior and central regions, but not in the posterior region. Penetration between the muscle fascicles was most common in the central region, and no such penetration was evident in the posterior region.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the mylohyoid functions only incompletely as a septum, and that routes of communication from the sublingual space to the submandibular space may be present in both the anterior and central muscle fascicles of the mylohyoid. Therefore, bleeding complications during dental implant placement in the anterior mandible can be serious issues. There is a potential for sublingual hematoma that could compromise the airway by pressing the tongue against the soft palate into the pharynx.
Topics: Dental Implants; Mouth Floor; Neck Muscles; Sublingual Gland; Tongue
PubMed: 38066306
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-023-00513-y -
Cureus Nov 2023Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by and has a wide clinical spectrum that can range from asymptomatic to disseminated disease. Most women with...
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by and has a wide clinical spectrum that can range from asymptomatic to disseminated disease. Most women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic and if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility. Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is usually characterized by dermatitis, tenosynovitis, and septic arthritis but rarely can also cause bacteremia, endovascular infections, osteomyelitis, and meningitis. Gonococcal bacteremia is regarded as a disseminated disease and is typically associated with infection of the mucosal surfaces such as the urethra, endocervix, and pharynx. This report, to the best of our knowledge, presents a case of DGI associated with a mediport catheter in a patient with breast cancer without any history of gonococcal symptoms. She was monogamous and denied any history of sexually transmitted infections. The patient presented with fever and chills associated with pain and purulent discharge from the mediport catheter site. The mediport catheter was removed, and antibiotics were initiated. Both blood and wound cultures grew . She completed a 10-day course of ceftriaxone and improved clinically with complete remission of her symptoms. A review of the literature on the reported cases of DGI associated with bacteremia and endovascular infections is also presented.
PubMed: 38046706
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48180 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Jun 2024Tecovirimat's application in treating mpox remains under-researched, leaving gaps in clinical and virological understanding. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
INTRODUCTION
Tecovirimat's application in treating mpox remains under-researched, leaving gaps in clinical and virological understanding.
METHODS
The Tecopox study in Japan evaluated the efficacy and safety of tecovirimat in patients with smallpox or mpox, who were divided into oral tecovirimat and control groups. Patients with mpox enrolled between June 28, 2022, and April 30, 2023, were included. Demographic and clinical details along with blood, urine, pharyngeal swab, and skin lesion samples were gathered for viral analysis. A multivariable Tobit regression model was employed to identify factors influencing prolonged viral detection.
RESULTS
Nineteen patients were allocated to the tecovirimat group, and no patients were allocated to the control group. The median age was 38.5 years, and all patients were males. Ten patients (52.6%) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sixteen patients (84.2%) had severe disease. Nine of the 15 patients (60.0%) (four patients withdrew before day 14) had negative PCR results for skin lesion specimens 14 days after inclusion. The mortality rates were 0% on days 14 and 30. No severe adverse events were reported. HIV status and the number of days from symptom onset to tecovirimat administration were associated with lower Ct values (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively). The median number of days when PCR testing did not detect the mpox virus in each patient was 19.5 days.
CONCLUSION
Early tecovirimat administration might reduce viral shedding duration, thereby mitigating infection spread. Moreover, patients infected with HIV showed prolonged viral shedding, increasing the transmission risk compared to those without HIV.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Benzamides; HIV Infections; Japan; Mpox (monkeypox)
PubMed: 38042298
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.025