-
Tanaffos Jan 2023One of the most common reasons for mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is lung infections, among which () infection has the largest share. Diagnosis of can...
BACKGROUND
One of the most common reasons for mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is lung infections, among which () infection has the largest share. Diagnosis of can be assessed by various methods such as sputum culture results and IgG antibody level via measuring the specific anti- antibodies. This study aimed to select the best predictive technique in the diagnosis of in CF patients through spirometry, sputum culture, and serum IgG antibody levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, blood and sputum or pharyngeal samples were taken from 68 patients with cystic fibrosis. Because spirometry was not possible in all patients, 34 patients could do the spirometry. The samples were studied concerning infection. The data including variables such as age, sex, and spirometry results were obtained. Then, in the serologic method, 3 serum-specific antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The average age of children was 7.4 ± 5.6 (ranging from 0.5 to 23) years. Generally, the percentage of infection increased in CF patients with higher ages. A statistically direct significant relationship was observed between the concentration of serum IgG antibodies in patients with CF and -positive sputum culture results (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Serum IgG antibodies against specific antigens could be a diagnostic method against infection, especially in patients who cannot expectorate. However, because of the positive and negative predictive value of both serum IgG antibody levels and the results of the sputum culture, we suggested that utilizing the combination of these methods could be beneficial in earlier diagnosis of .
PubMed: 37920326
DOI: No ID Found -
ELife Nov 2023The risk of second primary cancers (SPC) is increasing after the first primary cancers (FPC) are diagnosed and treated. The underlying causal relationship remains...
BACKGROUND
The risk of second primary cancers (SPC) is increasing after the first primary cancers (FPC) are diagnosed and treated. The underlying causal relationship remains unclear.
METHODS
We conducted a pan-cancer association (26 cancers) study in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (non-Hispanic whites). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was estimated as the risk of SPCs in cancer survivors based on the incidence in the general population. Furthermore, the causal effect was evaluated by two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR, 13 FPCs) in the UK Biobank (UKB, n=459,136,, European whites) and robust analysis (radial MR and Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect estimates, CAUSE).
RESULTS
We found 11 significant cross-correlations among different cancers after harmonizing SIR and MR results. Whereas only 4 of them were confirmed by MR to have a robust causal relationship. In particular, patients initially diagnosed with oral pharyngeal cancer would have an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 1.18, 95%Confidence Interval [CI]:1.05-1.31, OR=1.21, 95% CI:1.13-1.30, p=6.00 × 10; OR = 1.17, 95% CI:1.05-1.31, p=8.90 × 10). Meanwhile, ovary cancer was identified to be a risk factor for soft tissue cancer (SIR = 1.72, 95%Confidence Interval [CI]:1.08-2.60, OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.22-1.58, p=1.07 × 10; OR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.16-1.58, p=0.01). And kidney cancer was likely to cause the development of lung cancer (SIR = 1.28, 95%Confidence Interval [CI]:1.22-1.35, OR=1.17, 95% CI:1.08-1.27, p=6.60 × 10; OR = 1.16, 95% CI:1.02-1.31, p=0.05) and myeloma (SIR = 1.54, 95%Confidence Interval [CI]:1.33-1.78, OR=1.72, 95% CI:1.21-2.45, p=0.02; OR = 1.49, 95% CI:1.04-2.34, p=0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
A certain type of primary cancer may cause another second primary cancer, and the profound mechanisms need to be studied in the future.
FUNDING
This work was in supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81972645), Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai, Shanghai Youth Talent Support Program, intramural grant of The University of Hong Kong to Dr. Rong Na, and Shanghai Sailing Program (22YF1440500) to Dr. Da Huang.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; China; Lung Neoplasms; Kidney Neoplasms
PubMed: 37917154
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.86379 -
Science Advances Nov 2023The constant exposure of the fish branchial cavity to aquatic pathogens causes local mucosal immune responses to be extremely important for their survival. Here, we used...
The constant exposure of the fish branchial cavity to aquatic pathogens causes local mucosal immune responses to be extremely important for their survival. Here, we used a marker for T lymphocytes/natural killer (NK) cells (ZAP70) and advanced imaging techniques to investigate the lymphoid architecture of the zebrafish branchial cavity. We identified a sub-pharyngeal lymphoid organ, which we tentatively named "Nemausean lymphoid organ" (NELO). NELO is enriched in T/NK cells, plasma/B cells, and antigen-presenting cells embedded in a network of reticulated epithelial cells. The presence of activated T cells and lymphocyte proliferation, but not V(D)J recombination or hematopoiesis, suggests that NELO is a secondary lymphoid organ. In response to infection, NELO displays structural changes including the formation of T/NK cell clusters. NELO and gill lymphoid tissues form a cohesive unit within a large mucosal lymphoid network. Collectively, we reveal an unreported mucosal lymphoid organ reminiscent of mammalian tonsils that evolved in multiple teleost fish families.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Palatine Tonsil; Zebrafish; Lymphoid Tissue; Pharynx; T-Lymphocytes; Mammals
PubMed: 37910624
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0101 -
European Archives of... Feb 2024The aim of this study was to validate the Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in the Norwegian Tonsil Surgery Register (NTSR) and to examine whether any improvements...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to validate the Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in the Norwegian Tonsil Surgery Register (NTSR) and to examine whether any improvements to the questionnaire could be useful.
METHODS
This is a prospective, descriptive study. NTSR collects data from patients who undergo tonsil surgery and the intention of the register is to improve the quality of treatment and to contribute to research. The patients answers questions about admission due to postoperative haemorrhage, infection and pain 30 days after surgery. 305 patients were contacted on phone 1-2 weeks after answering the questionnaires electronically (ePROM) and asked the same questions. 180 of 305 patients we contacted had some kind of complications after surgery. They were asked additional questions to search for possible points for improvement of the questionnaire.
RESULTS
When comparing the results on the ePROM with the answers on phone, we found that 12 out of 14 variables achieve almost perfect agreement (AC ≥ 0.81). Two variables are categorized to be substantial agreement (AC = 0.61-0.80). The additional questions showed us that the questionnaire can be improved with more detailed information regarding the severity of the postoperative haemorrhage and the need of better treatment against postoperative pain.
CONCLUSION
This study shows that the information from the 30-day ePROM has high reliability. The questions were understood as they were intended, and the answers reflect what the patients had of complications. Some changes can be done to improve the questionnaire and to open up for more research around the tonsillectomy procedure.
Topics: Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Reproducibility of Results; Prospective Studies; Tonsillectomy; Pain, Postoperative; Surveys and Questionnaires; Postoperative Hemorrhage
PubMed: 37910209
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08306-0 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2023The heart and aortic arch arteries in amniotes form a double circulation, taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. These... (Review)
Review
The heart and aortic arch arteries in amniotes form a double circulation, taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. These major vessels are formed in embryonic development from a series of paired and symmetrical arteries that undergo a complex remodelling process to form the asymmetric arch arteries in the adult. These embryonic arteries form in the pharyngeal arches, which are symmetrical bulges on the lateral surface of the head. The pharyngeal arches, and their associated arteries, are found in all classes of vertebrates, but the number varies, typically with the number of arches reducing through evolution. For example, jawed vertebrates have six pairs of pharyngeal arch arteries but amniotes, a clade of tetrapod vertebrates, have five pairs. This had led to the unusual numbering system attributed to each of the pharyngeal arch arteries in amniotes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6). We, therefore, propose that these instead be given names to reflect the vessel: mandibular (1), hyoid (2), carotid (3), aortic (4) and pulmonary (most caudal). Aberrant arch artery formation or remodelling leads to life-threatening congenital cardiovascular malformations, such as interruption of the aortic arch, cervical origin of arteries, and vascular rings. We discuss why an alleged fifth arch artery has erroneously been used to interpret congenital cardiac lesions, which are better explained as abnormal collateral channels, or remodelling of the aortic sac.
PubMed: 37900278
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1259175 -
European Journal of Investigation in... Oct 2023The rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) is expected to increase by 30% by 2030. However, there are many similarities between the symptomatology of a benign and a malign...
The rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) is expected to increase by 30% by 2030. However, there are many similarities between the symptomatology of a benign and a malign diagnosis; thus, a protocol for conducting a full head and neck examination is of high importance since the absence of adenopathy does not exclude a malignant diagnosis and also a favorable prognosis. The current study presents a retrospective study on 515 adult patients who underwent a biopsy for possible head and neck tumor pathology. Results: The patients identified with cancer were older than the rest of the group, with a higher developing trend in men than in women. However, the top 10 symptomatology patterns were identical in the malign and benign groups, meaning that new HNC may be missed due to the common symptomatology between benign and malign outcomes. The importance of a full ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination may be of significant relevance for a proper diagnosis that can improve the overall prognosis of a patient with cancer. The absence of routine screening tests and screening guidelines for oral and pharyngeal cancers represents a significant barrier to secondary HNC prevention.
PubMed: 37887158
DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100157 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Oct 2023Myiasis is the invasion of mammalian tissues by dipterous larvae. Cutaneous myiasis is the commonest type, and less commonly, internal tissues and organs are affected....
Myiasis is the invasion of mammalian tissues by dipterous larvae. Cutaneous myiasis is the commonest type, and less commonly, internal tissues and organs are affected. Here, we report the first case of oro-nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by the third-instar larvae of (Old-World screwworm) in Sri Lanka. A retired 71-year-old female tea-plucker presented to the hospital with a 4-day history of nasal bleeding and neck discomfort. Except for well-controlled hypertension, she had no significant medical history. On examination, there was an ulcerated area in the posterior oro-nasopharynx filled with maggots. Hematological analysis showed a high C-reactive protein level (24 mg/dL) and white blood cell count (17.5 × 10/L) with 80% neutrophils. Computed tomography showed severe inflammation of the pharynx with no features of a neoplasm or parapharyngeal abscess. An examination was performed under anesthesia followed by manual removal of larvae, surgical debridement with biopsy, and treatment with antiparasitic medicines and antibiotics. Histopathology excluded neoplasm and only showed inflammatory changes. All extracted larvae were morphologically similar and identified as third-instar larvae of using a trinocular zoom stereomicroscope. The patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital on the 15th day and was well at 2 months follow-up.
PubMed: 37864334
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231207283 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023The causative factors responsible for the development of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) are still unexplored. Therefore, one of the most important factors can be...
Association of Positive Bacterial Cultures Obtained from the Throat, Anus, Ear, Bronchi and Blood in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Premature Infants with Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity-Own Observations.
BACKGROUND
The causative factors responsible for the development of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) are still unexplored. Therefore, one of the most important factors can be perinatal inflammation.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 114 premature infants (228 eyes) meeting a birth criteria of ≤ 32 weeks gestational age (GA) and a birth weight (BW) ≤ 1710. Examined Group (EG) = 51 of BW 852.7 ± 255.7; GA 26.3 ± 2.0 with severe ROP treated by diode laser or anti-VEGF intravitreal injection. Control Group (CG) = 63 of BW 1313.9 ± 284.5; GA 28.8 ± 1.6 without ROP. Microbiological bacterial and fungal cultures of the ear, anus, bronchial throat and blood were taken. Medical data and laboratory tests in correlation to 3 ROP and A-ROP were analysed.
RESULTS
Positive bacterial tests dominated in EG, 47% vs. CG, 23%. Significant correlations between positive cultures obtained from natural cavities: anus ( < 0.001), throat ( = 0.002), as well as from blood ( = 0.001) and severe ROP which requires diode laser and anti-VEGF treatment were noted. Significant inflammation markers which correlate with the development of severe ROP are () ( = 0.002) and Coagulase-negative (CoNS) ( < 0.001). CoNS, < 0.001; , = 0.002; the remaining (); (), = 0.005; and (), = 0.02 were the most frequent bacteria in severe ROP. High levels of white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytes (LYM) and low thrombocytes (PLT) correlated sequentially with (Odds Ratio, OR) (2.3); (5.9); (3.1); and () (9.5). An important correlation between the BPD- (4.3); intrauterine inflammation- (3.4); PDA- (3.9); and asphyxia- (3.0) was identified.
CONCLUSIONS
It cannot be ruled out that positive microbiological results of blood, anal and pharyngeal cultures may become prognostic markers for the early development of ROP, which would enable early initiation of ophthalmological treatment in premature infants from the VLBW group.
PubMed: 37835018
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196374 -
HNO Jan 2024The flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an established low-risk examination method to assess the risk of penetration or aspiration in patients with...
BACKGROUND
The flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an established low-risk examination method to assess the risk of penetration or aspiration in patients with dysphagia. FEES might be more difficult or of higher-risk when a nasogastric tube is in place.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to identify whether the prevalence of mucosal lesions is higher when the endoscopy is carried out with a nasogastric tube in place. Pre-existing mucosal lesions were also documented.
METHODS
In a retrospective, monocentric study, a total of 918 FEES procedures routinely performed in hospitalized patients of a university hospital from January 2014 to March 2019 were evaluated. Mucosal lesions were identified and characterized for descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
In the video material analysed here, no endoscopy-related injuries were identified. However, pre-existing mucosal lesions, which often occurred as multiple lesions, were detected in 48.6% of the endoscopies. Further analysis showed that these pre-existing lesions were not worsened by the endoscopy performed.
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate that transnasal flexible endoscopy is a safe, low-risk examination method, even in patients with a nasogastric tube. A very high number of pre-existing mucosal lesions were found, which is probably related to the previous insertion of the nasogastric tube. Due to the high number of pre-existing lesions, strategies should be developed to minimize injuries when placing nasogastric tubes.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition; Retrospective Studies; Prevalence; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Deglutition Disorders
PubMed: 37796338
DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01361-3 -
Cureus Aug 2023Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, insidious premalignant disease with multifactorial etiology affecting any part of the oral cavity and sometimes... (Review)
Review
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, insidious premalignant disease with multifactorial etiology affecting any part of the oral cavity and sometimes the pharynx by triggering a rapid onset of trismus and dysphagia due to stiffness at the lips, cheek, pharynx, and upper oesophageal region. Submucous fibrosis resembles many auto-immune, dermatological, mucocutaneous, and fibrotic lesions that include scleroderma, amyloidosis, iron deficiency anemia, and systemic or generalized fibromatosis clinically and histologically. Several authors established an association between oral submucous fibrosis and scleroderma with predominant oral manifestations on the basis of similarity in clinical and histological characteristics despite different pathogenesis and prognostic aspects. Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder clinically manifested as fibrosis of the skin, blood vessels, and visceral organs with or without the involvement of the oral cavity. Thus, understanding the disease mechanism, appropriate early diagnosis, and clinical management of these two entities play an important role in disease prognosis and treatment outcomes. The present review was carried out to briefly present a concise overview of the etiopathogenesis, clinical, histological, diagnosis, and management aspects of OSMF and scleroderma based on the available literature, with special emphasis on similarities and differences between these two entities subsequently aiding in appropriate treatment planning.
PubMed: 37791189
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44502