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BMC Medicine May 2024Prevalence of youth nicotine vaping has increased, heightening concerns around negative health effects. This study aimed to compare self-reported respiratory symptoms...
BACKGROUND
Prevalence of youth nicotine vaping has increased, heightening concerns around negative health effects. This study aimed to compare self-reported respiratory symptoms among youth by vaping behaviours.
METHODS
Participants (n = 39,214) aged 16-19 from the 2020 and 2021 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Surveys (Canada, England, US). Weighted multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between reporting any of five respiratory symptoms in the past week (shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, phlegm, cough) and: past 30-day smoking and/or vaping; lifetime/current vaping. Among past-30-day vapers (n = 4644), we assessed associations between symptoms and vaping frequency, use of nicotine salts, usual flavour and device type(s).
RESULTS
Overall, 27.8% reported experiencing any of the five respiratory symptoms. Compared with youth who had only vaped, those who had only smoked had similar odds of symptoms [adjusted odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI): 0.97 (0.85-1.10)], those who both smoked and vaped had higher odds [1.26 (1.12-1.42)], and those who had done neither, lower odds [0.67 (0.61-0.72)]. Compared with those who had never vaped, past use, experimentation and current regular or occasional use were all associated with higher odds. Reporting usually using nicotine salts was associated with higher odds of symptoms [1.43 (1.22-1.68)] than non-salt but was often uncertain. Compared with tobacco flavour (including with menthol), menthol/mint and sweets flavours were associated with similar odds; fruit [1.44 (1.07-1.93)], multiple [1.76 (1.30-2.39)] and 'other' [2.14 (1.45-3.16)] flavours with higher odds. All device types were associated with similar odds.
CONCLUSIONS
Among youth, vaping was associated with increased reporting of past-week respiratory symptoms. Among those who vaped, some flavour types and potentially nicotine salts were associated with respiratory symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Vaping; Adolescent; Male; Female; Canada; England; Young Adult; Self Report; United States; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Prevalence; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 38807205
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03428-6 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2024The Xihuang pill (XHP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that has been historically used in the prevention and treatment of proliferative breast diseases.... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
The Xihuang pill (XHP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that has been historically used in the prevention and treatment of proliferative breast diseases. However, there is a lack of guidelines that offer recommendations for its clinical use.
OBJECTIVE
The task force from the Chinese Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association aims to develop evidence-based guidelines for XHP to prevent and treat proliferative breast diseases.
METHODS
We searched six Chinese and English electronic databases, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, the Wanfang Medical Database, PubMed, and Embase, up to November 1, 2022. Publications (case reports, clinical observation, clinical trials, reviews) on using XHP to treat proliferative breast diseases were manually searched. The search terms were Xihuang pill, hyperplasia of the mammary gland, breast lump, and mastalgia. The writing team developed recommendations based on the best available evidence.
RESULTS
Treatment should be customized based on syndrome identification. We recommend using XHP for the prevention and treatment of breast hyperplasia disease when a patient presents the following syndromes: concurrent blood stasis syndrome, concurrent phlegm-stasis syndrome, and concurrent liver fire syndrome. Safety indicators, including blood analysis and liver and kidney function monitoring, should be performed regularly during treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Current clinical evidence suggests that XHP can be used as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other medications to prevent and manage breast hyperplasia diseases. More randomized controlled studies are warranted to establish high-quality evidence of its use.
Topics: Humans; Female; Hyperplasia; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Breast Diseases; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; China
PubMed: 38769628
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2350233 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Jun 2024To analyze the distribution of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its related factors.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the distribution of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its related factors.
METHODS
We enrolled 435 patients with DKD, who were not undergoing dialysis, admitted to the Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2020 to August 2021. Analysis of their TCM syndromes and related factors was carried out.
RESULTS
The 435 patients included 109, 117, 86, and 123 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-2, CKD3, CKD4, and CKD5 cases, respectively. With the progression of CKD1-5, the proportion of deficiency and dry heat syndrome, and that of and deficiency syndrome showed a downward trend, whereas the proportion of spleen-kidney deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, water stagnation, and phlegm turbidity syndromes showed an upward trend; the differences were statistically significant ( < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that deficiency and dry heat syndrome was positively correlated with hemoglobin [odds ratio () = 1.022, = 0.005], albumin ( = 1.058, 0.006), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ( = 1.020, 0.001) but negatively correlated with male sex ( = 0.277, 0.004). and deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with albumin ( = 1.056, < 0.001) and eGFR ( = 1.008, = 0.022) but negatively correlated with age ( = 0.977, = 0.023). Liver-kidney deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with age ( = 1.028, 0.021) and glycosylated hemoglobin ( = 1.223, 0.007) but negatively correlated with total cholesterol ( = 0.792, = 0.006). Spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome was negatively correlated with hemoglobin ( = 0.977, < 0.001), albumin ( = 0.891, < 0.001), and eGFR ( = 0.978, < 0.001) but positively correlated with high density lipoprotein ( = 3.376, = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
With CKD1-5 progression, TCM syndromes changed from deficiency and dry heat syndrome to syndrome of deficiency of both and , liver-kidney , and spleen-kidney deficiency syndromes. TCM syndromes were correlated with laboratory test results.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Aged; Diabetic Nephropathies; Yin Deficiency; Adult; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Yang Deficiency; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38767642
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230802.007 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Jun 2024To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenzhu Guanxin recipe granules (, SGR) in treating patients with intermediate coronary lesions (ICL), and to investigate... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenzhu Guanxin recipe granules (, SGR) in treating patients with intermediate coronary lesions (ICL), and to investigate the potential mechanism though a transcriptome sequencing approach.
METHODS
ICL patients with deficiency and phlegm stasis were adopted and randomly assigned to a case group or a control by random number generator in a 1:1 randomization ratio to evaluate the clinical efficacy.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the two groups in coronary computed tomography angiography related indexes in the two groups before and after intervention. Through the gene chip expression analysis, it is finally concluded that there are 355 differential mRNAs (190 up-regulated genes and 165 down regulated genes) when compared the SGR group and placebo group. Through protein-protein interaction network analysis of differentially expressed genes, 10 hub genes were finally obtained: CACNA2D2, CACNA2D3, DNAJC6, FGF12, SGSM2, CACNA1G, LRP6, KIF25, OXTR, UPB1.
CONCLUSIONS
SGR combined with Western Medicine can be safely used to treat ICL patients with deficiency and phlegm stasis. The possible mechanism of action and relevant gene loci and pathway were proposed.
Topics: Humans; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Aged; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Adult; Gene Expression Profiling; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38767639
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240308.004 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Multiple targets are considered as the causes of ambient fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameters of < 2.5 μm (PM)] induced lung function injury. Qiju granules...
INTRODUCTION
Multiple targets are considered as the causes of ambient fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameters of < 2.5 μm (PM)] induced lung function injury. Qiju granules are derived from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula known as Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan (Lycium, Chrysanthemum, and Rehmannia Formula, QJDHW), which has been traditionally used to treat symptoms such as cough with phlegm, dry mouth and throat, and liver heat. This treatment approach involves attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis response. This study investigated the effects of Qiju granules on protecting lung function against PM exposure in a clinical trial.
METHODS
A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial was performed among 47 healthy college students in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in China. The participants were randomly assigned to the Qiju granules group or the control group based on gender. Clinical follow-ups were conducted once every 2 weeks during a total of 4 weeks of intervention. Real-time monitoring of PM concentrations in the individually exposed participants was carried out. Data on individual characteristics, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and lung function at baseline and during the follow-ups were collected. The effects of PM exposure on lung function were assessed within each group using linear mixed-effect models.
RESULTS
In total, 40 eligible participants completed the scheduled follow-ups. The average PM level was found to be 64.72 μg/m during the study period. A significant negative correlation of lung function with PM exposure concentrations was observed, and a 1-week lag effect was observed. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEF), forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (FEF), and forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC (FEF) were significantly decreased due to PM exposure in the control group. Small airway function was impaired more seriously than large airway function when PM exposure concentrations were increased. In the Qiju granules group, the associations between lung function and PM exposure were much weaker, and no statistical significance was observed.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study showed that PM exposure was associated with reduced lung function. Qiju granules could potentially be effective in protecting lung functions from the adverse effects of PM exposure.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
identifier: ChiCTR1900021235.
PubMed: 38741765
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1370657 -
Preventing Chronic Disease May 2024We estimated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk level, and receipt of a breathing test among adults without...
We estimated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk level, and receipt of a breathing test among adults without reported COPD in 26 states and the District of Columbia by using 2017-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Among adults without reported COPD, the 3 respiratory symptoms indicating COPD (chronic cough, phlegm or mucus production, shortness of breath) were common (each >10%). About 15.0% were at higher COPD risk (based on the number of symptoms, age, and smoking status); 41.4% of adults at higher risk reported receipt of a breathing test. Patient-provider recognition and communication of risk symptoms, appropriate screening, and follow-up are important for early diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Female; United States; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Adult; Aged; Prevalence; District of Columbia; Risk Factors; Young Adult; Adolescent; Mass Screening
PubMed: 38723273
DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230399 -
Cancer Management and Research 2024Baihe Gujin decoction is one of the most commonly used decoction in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. It can nourish yin and moisten the... (Review)
Review
Baihe Gujin decoction is one of the most commonly used decoction in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. It can nourish yin and moisten the lung as well as prevent phlegm from forming and stop coughing. On the one hand, Baihe Gujin decoction is characterized with extensive application, proven efficacy, a long history, and high safety. On the other hand, Baihe Gujin decoction can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, improve immune function and inhibit inflammation. The main anti-tumor components of this include kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, glycyrrhizin and β-sitosterol. Clinically, Baihe Gujin decoction can improve the adverse reactions caused by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy for lung cancer, enhance the quality of life of patients, and prolong their survival time. At present, there are a large number of clinical and basic researches on the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction. In this paper, we mainly discussed the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction through analyzing basic and clinical researches at home and abroad in the past 20 years. Through the discussion, we aimed to probe deeper into Baihe Gujin decoction for the treatment of lung cancer, thereby providing a broader idea for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
PubMed: 38707745
DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S451657 -
Environmental Research Jul 2024In 2014, a fire at an open cut coalmine in regional Victoria, Australia burned for 6 weeks. Residents of the nearby town of Morwell were exposed to smoke, which...
In 2014, a fire at an open cut coalmine in regional Victoria, Australia burned for 6 weeks. Residents of the nearby town of Morwell were exposed to smoke, which included high levels of fine particulate matter (PM). We investigated whether the long-term effects of PM on respiratory health were moderated by diet quality. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data collected 8.5 years after the mine fire from 282 residents of Morwell and 166 residents from the nearby unexposed town of Sale. Primary outcomes were respiratory symptoms. Exposure was coalmine fire-related PM and diet quality was assessed as Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) derived using the Australian Eating Survey (AES). The moderating effect of diet quality on respiratory outcomes associated with PM was assessed using logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Diet quality was poor in this sample, with 60% in the lowest category of overall diet quality. Overall diet quality and fruit and vegetable quality significantly attenuated the association between PM and prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm. Sauce/condiment intake was associated with a greater effect of PM on COPD prevalence. No other moderating effects were significant. The moderating effects of overall diet quality and vegetable and fruit intake aligned with a priori hypotheses, suggesting potential protective benefits. While more evidence is needed to confirm these findings, improving diets, especially fruit and vegetable intake, may provide some protection against the effects of smoke exposure from fire events.
Topics: Humans; Particulate Matter; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Victoria; Aged; Adult; Fires; Air Pollutants; Environmental Exposure; Coal Mining; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 38685296
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119014 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... May 2024We described the perioperative management of a child patient with central core disease for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. It is safe to avoid triggering...
INTRODUCTION
We described the perioperative management of a child patient with central core disease for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. It is safe to avoid triggering agents (volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine) probably in preventing this appearance of malignant hyperthermia (MH). It is important to recognize potential complications and know how to prevent and manage them in patients with this condition.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
A 5-year-old boy (weight: 8.8 kg; height: 63 cm) presented to the pediatric department after five days of intermittent fever (highest body temperature is 39.3 °C) and cough, and aggravation 1 day, meanwhile he had phlegm in throat but he couldn't cough out. The child was found to have motor retardation at his one-month-old physical examination, then genetic analysis showed central core disease. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed for better treatment under the premise of symptomatic treatment.
DISCUSSION
The patients with central core disease are particularly to develop malignant hyperthermia, so adequate precautions are in place to prevent and treat MH before anesthetic induction. The anesthesiologists need to make adequate preoperative anesthesia management strategies to ensure the safety of the child with central core disease for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. The child was discharged from the hospital one week after anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic treatment.
CONCLUSION
We summarized the anesthetic precautions and management in patients with central core disease, meanwhile we offered some suggestions about anesthetic focus on bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage.
PubMed: 38657516
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109629 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2024Concerns have been raised globally regarding the long-term effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the impact of long...
Concerns have been raised globally regarding the long-term effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the impact of long COVID on the health of patients recovering from acute COVID-19 in China. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey from 1 February to 9 March 2023. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to understand the differences in health utility values between individuals with and without long COVID. Factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were determined using a multiple linear regression model. A chi-square test was used to compare differences between the 2 groups for each dimension of the EuroQoL-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. In total, 307 participants were included in the analysis, of which 40.39% exhibited at least 1 persistent symptom. The common symptoms of long COVID were fatigue/weakness, coughing, memory decline, poor concentration, and phlegm in the throat. Most patients with long COVID reported mild effects from their symptoms. After propensity score matching, the long-COVID group had lower health utility scores than the non-long-COVID group (0.94 vs 0.97). In the multivariable linear regression analysis, persistent symptoms and low annual household income were associated with lower health utility values ( < .05). Anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort were the major problems experienced by the participants with long COVID. Long-COVID symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection have a serious impact on health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to implement interventions to improve patient health after the recovery from acute COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; China; SARS-CoV-2; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Propensity Score; Aged
PubMed: 38646896
DOI: 10.1177/00469580241246461