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Regenerative Therapy Dec 2024Phthalate esters (PE), a significant class of organic compounds used in industry, can contaminate humans and animals by entering water and food chains. Recent studies...
Systemic investigation of di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) exposure in the risk of cardiovascular via influencing the gut microbiota arachidonic acid metabolism in obese mice model.
Phthalate esters (PE), a significant class of organic compounds used in industry, can contaminate humans and animals by entering water and food chains. Recent studies demonstrate the influence of PE on the development and progression of heart diseases, particularly in obese people. Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) was administered orally to normal and diet-induced obese mice in this research to assess cardiovascular risk. The modifications in the microbial composition and metabolites were examined using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis. Based on the findings, lean group rodents were less susceptible to DIBP exposure than fat mice because of their cardiovascular systems. Histopathology examinations of mice fed a high-fat diet revealed lesions and plagues that suggested a cardiovascular risk. In the chronic DIBP microbial remodeling metagenomics was the predominant genera in obese mice. According to metabolomics data, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism changes caused by DIBP were linked to unfavorable cardiovascular events. Our research offers new understandings of the cardiovascular damage caused by DIBP exposure in obese people and raises the possibility that arachidonic acid metabolism could be used as a regulator of the gut microbiota to avert related diseases.
PubMed: 38638558
DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.024 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Despite major global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis, which is caused by (Mtb), this disease remains as a major plague of humanity. Several factors associated with... (Review)
Review
Despite major global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis, which is caused by (Mtb), this disease remains as a major plague of humanity. Several factors associated with the host and Mtb interaction favor the infection establishment and/or determine disease progression. The Early Secreted Antigenic Target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) is one of the most important and well-studied mycobacterial virulence factors. This molecule has been described to play an important role in the development of tuberculosis-associated pathology by subverting crucial components of the host immune responses. This review highlights the main effector mechanisms by which ESAT-6 modulates the immune system, directly impacting cell fate and disease progression.
Topics: Humans; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Disease Progression
PubMed: 38633252
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383098 -
Ethics, Medicine, and Public Health Jun 2023Humans have always referred to religion in History to explain disasters, and epidemics, especially when science could not explain them. Religion has often been invoked...
BACKGROUND
Humans have always referred to religion in History to explain disasters, and epidemics, especially when science could not explain them. Religion has often been invoked as a mean of protection. The Covid outbreak in 2020 and the initial medical impotence brought up old fears, reminiscent of the plague for some people. Unable to rely on science only, some turned back to religion.
METHODOLOGY
A narrative review was conducted to compare the role of religion during the Great Plague of Marseille versus the early stages of Covid-19 pandemic. We mostly studied contemporary documents on the Great Plague of Marseille, and collected press articles on Covid-19.
RESULTS/DISCUSSION
For both epidemics, some people see in the outbreak a sign of God's revenge. Logically, intensifying spiritual life and multiplying religious demonstrations can be a way to fight both epidemics. Studying religion in these times of epidemics also highlights its roles in public health: sometimes facilitating the contaminations if not regulated, sometimes supporting public health policies with some positions, as for Covid vaccines. Conclusion/Perspectives: The comparison of an ancient epidemic with the current pandemic allowed us to take a broader look at the current vision of contagious disease, in societies that have become highly medicalized. The fight against epidemics remains polymorphous, and one of the aspects is religious. Integrating this information in our practices can help improving holistic management of patients, and public health policies efficiency.
PubMed: 38620107
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2023.100922 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Feb 2024It is important to honor the contributions of scientific leaders who have dedicated their lives to advancing knowledge and serving their country. One way is to document...
It is important to honor the contributions of scientific leaders who have dedicated their lives to advancing knowledge and serving their country. One way is to document their experiences and personalities in a documentary format, which can serve as a historical record and an inspiration for future generations. Dr. Mostafa Pourtaghva Shahrestani, a renowned physician and specialist in infectious diseases and tropical medicine, has made significant contributions to public health in Iran. He has played a crucial role in controlling infectious diseases such as smallpox, tuberculosis, rabies, plague, and cholera. Throughout his career, he has held various executive positions, including the head of Pasteur Hospital and the director of the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Dr. Pourtaghva's life is a testament to his unwavering dedication to public health services, as evidenced by his continuous effort, love, and interest in honest work. His inspiring story can serve as a model for those who seek to follow in his footsteps.
Topics: Male; Humans; Academies and Institutes; Cholera; Hospitals; Iran; Knowledge
PubMed: 38619034
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.16 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024This study evaluated a depot-formulated cytokine-based adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the recombinant F1V (rF1V) plague vaccine and examined the protective response...
Co-formulation of the rF1V plague vaccine with depot-formulated cytokines enhances immunogenicity and efficacy to elicit protective responses against aerosol challenge in mice.
This study evaluated a depot-formulated cytokine-based adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the recombinant F1V (rF1V) plague vaccine and examined the protective response following aerosol challenge in a murine model. The results of this study showed that co-formulation of the Alhydrogel-adsorbed rF1V plague fusion vaccine with the depot-formulated cytokines recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhuIL-2) and/or recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) significantly enhances immunogenicity and significant protection at lower antigen doses against a lethal aerosol challenge. These results provide additional support for the co-application of the depot-formulated IL-2 and/or GM-CSF cytokines to enhance vaccine efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Plague Vaccine; Cytokines; Yersinia pestis; Antigens, Bacterial; Vaccines, Synthetic; Aerosols
PubMed: 38605961
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277526 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Apr 2024Modern machine learning approaches have led to performant diagnostic models for a variety of health conditions. Several machine learning approaches, such as decision...
Modern machine learning approaches have led to performant diagnostic models for a variety of health conditions. Several machine learning approaches, such as decision trees and deep neural networks, can, in principle, approximate any function. However, this power can be considered to be both a gift and a curse, as the propensity toward overfitting is magnified when the input data are heterogeneous and high dimensional and the output class is highly nonlinear. This issue can especially plague diagnostic systems that predict behavioral and psychiatric conditions that are diagnosed with subjective criteria. An emerging solution to this issue is crowdsourcing, where crowd workers are paid to annotate complex behavioral features in return for monetary compensation or a gamified experience. These labels can then be used to derive a diagnosis, either directly or by using the labels as inputs to a diagnostic machine learning model. This viewpoint describes existing work in this emerging field and discusses ongoing challenges and opportunities with crowd-powered diagnostic systems, a nascent field of study. With the correct considerations, the addition of crowdsourcing to human-in-the-loop machine learning workflows for the prediction of complex and nuanced health conditions can accelerate screening, diagnostics, and ultimately access to care.
Topics: Humans; Crowdsourcing; Precision Medicine; Workflow; Machine Learning; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38602750
DOI: 10.2196/51138 -
Nature Communications Apr 2024Constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium metal electrodes is a promising approach to address the rampant growth of dangerous lithium...
Constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium metal electrodes is a promising approach to address the rampant growth of dangerous lithium morphologies (dendritic and dead Li) and low Coulombic efficiency that plague development of lithium metal batteries, but how Li transport behavior in the SEI is coupled with mechanical properties remains unknown. We demonstrate here a facile and scalable solution-processed approach to form a LiN-rich SEI with a phase-pure crystalline structure that minimizes the diffusion energy barrier of Li across the SEI. Compared with a polycrystalline LiN SEI obtained from conventional practice, the phase-pure/single crystalline LiN-rich SEI constitutes an interphase of high mechanical strength and low Li diffusion barrier. We elucidate the correlation among Li transference number, diffusion behavior, concentration gradient, and the stability of the lithium metal electrode by integrating phase field simulations with experiments. We demonstrate improved reversibility and charge/discharge cycling behaviors for both symmetric cells and full lithium-metal batteries constructed with this LiN-rich SEI. These studies may cast new insight into the design and engineering of an ideal artificial SEI for stable and high-performance lithium metal batteries.
PubMed: 38600128
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47521-z -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Mar 2024is a gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent for the plague. . use effector proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS) to skew the host immune response...
is a gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent for the plague. . use effector proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS) to skew the host immune response toward a bacterial advantage during infection. Previous work established that mice which lack the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR), exhibit resistance to pulmonary infection by . In this work, we addressed the efficacy of a single dose administration of neutralizing antibody to IFNAR (MAR1) as a preventive treatment for plague. We show that single dose administration of MAR1 provides protection from mortality due to secondary septicemic plague where it appears to reduce the production of serum TNFα during the disease phase. We further demonstrate that the T3SS effector protein YopJ is necessary for MAR1-induced protection, however IFNAR-dependent serum TNFα was observed independent of YopJ. We further define tissue-specific anti-bacterial roles of IFNAR that are blocked by YopJ activity indicating that YopJ and IFNAR work in parallel to promote disease. The combined data suggest that therapeutic targeting of IFNAR signaling may reduce the hyper-inflammatory response associated with plague.
PubMed: 38559124
DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584497