-
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2024Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus are major public health challenges worldwide. The two scourges have bidirectional relationship with high morbidity and mortality.
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus are major public health challenges worldwide. The two scourges have bidirectional relationship with high morbidity and mortality.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and identify related factors in patients with tuberculosis.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 tuberculosis screening and treatment centers in Lubumbashi (DRC) from September to December 2022. Adult patient with a positive smear for tuberculosis were systematically screened for diabetes mellitus. Demographic characteristics, history and symptomatology were the variables of interest. Data was entered using Microsoft Excel software. STATA 16 software was used for analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 255 tuberculosis patients were recruited and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among these patients was 11.4% (ie, 29 out of 255). After uni and multivariate logistic regression, a BMI ≤ 18.5 Kg/m2, lack of employment, polyuria and intense thirst were the factors associated with diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis patients.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in smear positive tuberculosis patients in the present study was higher than the one observed in Central Africa.
PubMed: 38250217
DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S436873 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2024An 8-year-old male neutered Miniature Schnauzer was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus based on fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria after a 2-week history of polydipsia...
An 8-year-old male neutered Miniature Schnauzer was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus based on fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria after a 2-week history of polydipsia and periuria, in line with the Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology consensus definition. Treatment of insulin and dietary management was initiated. The insulin dose was gradually reduced and eventually discontinued over the next year based on spot blood glucose concentrations that revealed euglycemia or hypoglycemia. After discontinuation, the dog remained free of clinical signs for 1 year until it was again presented for polyuria/polydipsia with fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Insulin therapy was resumed and continued for the remainder of the dog's life. Although diabetic remission often occurs in cats and humans, the presumed etiopathogenesis of pancreatic beta cell loss makes remission rare in dogs, except for cases occurring with diestrus or pregnancy. This case demonstrates that diabetic remission is possible in dogs, even in cases without an identifiable reversible trigger.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Male; Dogs; Cats; Animals; Remission, Spontaneous; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin; Hyperglycemia; Recurrence; Polydipsia; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38240130
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16991 -
Cureus Jan 2024The patient is a one-year-old girl referred to the hospital for an enlarged head after a 1.5-month history of two falls, followed by polydipsia, polyuria, and slow...
Infantile Rosai-Dorfman Disease With Isolated Brain Lesions Disseminated to the Parenchyma and Intraventricular Ependyma, Alteration of Leukocytes as a Promotion Factor in Immune Defense, and New Proposals: A Case Report and Literature Review.
The patient is a one-year-old girl referred to the hospital for an enlarged head after a 1.5-month history of two falls, followed by polydipsia, polyuria, and slow movement and growth. Three subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the brain revealed nodular lesions disseminated in the brain parenchyma and intraventricular ependyma, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus. Thoracic and abdominopelvic sonography showed no additional lesions. The preliminary diagnosis was a primary or metastatic neoplasm or infection. A biopsy of a lesion in the right frontal lobe was taken. The histological examination revealed features of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), consisting of limited perivascular lymphoplasma cell infiltration with intervening sheets of proliferated histiocytes, with some of the histiocytes showing endocytosis of a single intact lymphocyte (emperipolesis).
PubMed: 38234391
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52453 -
Comparative Medicine Dec 2023Southern giant pouched rats () are a small muroid species native to the sub-Saharan Africa. Their exceptionally developed olfactory system, trainability, and relatively...
Southern giant pouched rats () are a small muroid species native to the sub-Saharan Africa. Their exceptionally developed olfactory system, trainability, and relatively small size makes them useful working animals for various applications in humanitarian work. At our institution, a breeding colony of Southern giant pouched rats is maintained to study their physiology and utility as scent detectors. This case report describes the occurrence of spontaneous pituitary neoplasms with distinct clinical presentations in 2 geriatric (approximately 7.5 y old) wild-caught female Southern giant pouched rats. The first pouched rat displayed vestibular deficits, including left-sided head tilt, ataxia, disorientation, and circling. MRI revealed a large, focal heterogeneous mass arising from the pituitary fossa. The second pouched rat presented with polyuria, polydipsia, and hyperglycemia but no neurologic signs. Examination after euthanasia revealed a prolactin (PRL)-expressing pituitary carcinoma and adenoma in the first and second pouched rat, respectively, associated with mammary hyperplasia in both animals. This is the first report of spontaneous PRL-producing pituitary tumors in Southern giant pouched rats.
Topics: Animals; Female; Rats; Pituitary Neoplasms; Rodent Diseases
PubMed: 38217070
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-23-000051 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Feb 2024Lymphocytic hypophysitis is an underestimated disease and the pathogenesis is still poorly elucidated. Post-coronavirus lymphocytic hypophysitis is a new emerging entity.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Lymphocytic hypophysitis is an underestimated disease and the pathogenesis is still poorly elucidated. Post-coronavirus lymphocytic hypophysitis is a new emerging entity.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 16-year-old previously healthy girl presented with pituitary tumor syndrome. She suffered from frontal headaches, polyuria-polydipsic syndrome, and impaired visual acuity. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection three weeks before. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed pituitary enlargement with intense homogenous enhancement postgadolinium on T1 weighted images. The diagnosis of lymphocytic hypophysitis was made after ruling out other differential diagnosis. She was started on methylprednisolone. Improvement of clinical symptoms was seen on day 5 with a significant decrease in headache intensity.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
The article summarizes data from cases reported in the literature and our case to highlight coronavirus as a new trigger of lymphocytic hypophysitis. Despite the rarity of this complication, patients with a suspicion of hypophysitis after a recent COVID-19 infection should be carefully evaluated.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 infection can cause lymphocytic hypophysitis. However, it seems premature to conclude on the causal link between COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. Further studies on larger samples are needed to comprehend the pathogenesis of autoimmune endocrinopathies after COVID-19 infection.
PubMed: 38199020
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109218 -
JCEM Case Reports Jan 2024The efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib, a highly selective next-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and...
The efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib, a highly selective next-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoplasmocytoides immunocytoma seems favorable. Adverse events comprise neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, infection, anemia, and atrial fibrillation. This report describes a 75-year-old man suffering from polydipsia, polyuria, and blurred vision for 10 days. He was diagnosed with lymphoplasmocytoides immunocytoma in 2003. After various therapies, he was started on zanubrutinib in October 2022. A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus had never been established before. On arrival in the emergency department, his plasma glucose was 37.2 mmol/L (671 mg/dL) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 14.2%. Circulating antibodies showed positivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65), and his C-peptide level was 1.3 nmol/L (normal range, 0.37-1.47 nmol/L), equivalent to 3.9 ng/mL (normal range 1.1-5.0 ng/mL). From the patient's medical history, it became obvious that the metabolic situation had been problematic for many years, and that diabetes could have been taken into account at least in the summer of 2020 when HbA1c was 6.7%. In patients on tyrosine kinase inhibitors, careful assessment of glycemic control (monitoring HbA1c and blood glucose levels periodically even for nondiabetic patients) is recommended to prevent a major diabetic emergency.
PubMed: 38188906
DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luad172 -
Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) Jan 2024Autonomic adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs (APs) cause clinical challenges, but few studies have investigated sex differences and their underlying biological...
Autonomic adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs (APs) cause clinical challenges, but few studies have investigated sex differences and their underlying biological pathways. Sex-specific regulation of relevant hormones could be involved. We investigated sex differences in autonomic adverse effects related to olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole, and the role of hormones related to APs. Patients with severe mental disorders (N = 1318) were included and grouped based on AP monotherapy: olanzapine (N = 364), quetiapine (N = 211), risperidone (N = 102), aripiprazole (N = 138), and no AP (N = 503). Autonomic symptoms from the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) side effect scale was analyzed with logistic regression, adjusting for age, diagnosis, and polypharmacy. Further, we analyzed associations between autonomic symptoms and hormones related to APs. We found associations between autonomic adverse effects and APs, with sex-specific risk for palpitations/tachycardia associated with hormonal changes related to APs. Results showed increased salivation associated with aripiprazole, reduced salivation with quetiapine, and nausea/vomiting and palpitations/tachycardia with olanzapine, and higher risk of nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, polyuria/polydipsia, and palpitations/tachycardia in females. Significant sex x AP interaction was found for palpitations/tachycardia, with higher risk in risperidone-treated males, which was associated with different hormone profiles of prolactin, cortisol, and insulin. Our findings implicate a role of several hormones in the sex-specific autonomic adverse effects related to APs.
PubMed: 38182592
DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00430-4 -
BJUI Compass Jan 2024This systematic meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of triptorelin therapy in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with prostate cancer (PCa). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of triptorelin therapy in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with prostate cancer (PCa).
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases were searched for studies conducted between 2013 and 2023. Eligible studies included PCa patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with triptorelin, with reported baseline and follow-up International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) data. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias, and a random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 29 articles were identified, and three studies met the inclusion criteria. Triptorelin therapy showed a clinically significant reduction in IPSS over 48 weeks in PCa patients with moderate to severe LUTS. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled effect size of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.65; 1.45), indicating a statistically significant improvement in LUTS. QoL also improved in patients receiving triptorelin therapy, although heterogeneity among the studies and a moderate to high risk of bias were noted.
CONCLUSION
Triptorelin therapy demonstrated a positive impact on LUTS in PCa patients. The meta-analysis showed significant reductions in IPSS scores and improved QoL after 48 weeks of triptorelin treatment. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to study heterogeneity and potential biases. Further well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the optimal use of triptorelin for managing LUTS in men with PCa.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Triptorelin therapy may offer an effective treatment option for men with PCa experiencing moderate to severe LUTS. Its positive impact on QoL can lead to improved patient well-being and treatment adherence. Clinicians should consider triptorelin as a potential treatment choice, especially in patients who may be reluctant to undergo surgical interventions for their LUTS. However, careful patient selection and close monitoring are essential due to the observed study heterogeneity and risk of bias. Future research should focus on evaluating triptorelin's cost-effectiveness and comparing its efficacy with other LH-RH agonists in managing LUTS in PCa patients.Video Abstract: URL (Reviewers/Editors to select from) Link 1: https://brighton.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=071419c8-1ad5-4502-a222-b04300c2ca5e Link 2: https://brighton.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=b6305a8a-b977-4fcd-a69e-b04300bed728.
PubMed: 38179030
DOI: 10.1002/bco2.292 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023(Menyanthaceae) has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional medicines to treat conditions such as strangury, polyuria, swelling, and as a diuretic and antipyretic....
(Menyanthaceae) has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional medicines to treat conditions such as strangury, polyuria, swelling, and as a diuretic and antipyretic. In our ongoing research to discover novel structural and/or biological natural products in natural resources, five flavonoids, quercetin (), quercitrin (), isoquercetin (), quercetin-3--vicianoside (), and rutin (), as well as a new flavonoid glycoside, 3‴--foliamenthoyl-rutin (), were isolated from the MeOH extract of roots. The chemical structure of the new compound () was determined by analyzing 1D and 2D NMR spectra and high-resolution (HR) electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESIMS), along with a chemical reaction. The wound-healing activities of the isolated compounds (-) were evaluated using a HaCaT cell scratch test. Among the isolates, isoquercetin (), quercetin-3--vicianoside (), and 3‴--foliamenthoyl-rutin () promoted HaCaT cell migration over scratch wounds, with compound being the most effective. Our findings provide experimental data supporting the potential of quercetin-3--vicianoside () as a wound-healing agent.
PubMed: 38140410
DOI: 10.3390/plants12244083