-
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/AIM
Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of probiotics and kefir consumption in initial periodontal therapy (IPT) on oral microbiota composition and treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out in the Gazi University Department of Periodontology, including a sample size of 36 individuals and utilizing a randomized controlled design. Thirty-six patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: one receiving probiotic treatment, another receiving kefir, and a third serving as the control group. Obtaining subgingival microbial samples, we recorded plaque, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (periodontal clinical indices) and then performed IPT. For 14 days, patients took either probiotics, kefir, or no supplements. Data for the first and third months were collected using periodontal clinical indices. DNA sequencing was performed to detect , , and in subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline and three months.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed regarding periodontal clinical indices among groups in the intragroup comparisons. Moreover, levels of were significantly decreased in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Kefir can be administered in addition to IPT, providing results similar to those observed with probiotics.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Male; Dysbiosis; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Kefir; Tannerella forsythia; Periodontitis; Treponema denticola; Periodontal Index; Treatment Outcome; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38812644
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5798 -
Experimental Animals May 2024The study aimed to evaluate the periodontal disease status in different age groups and clarify the relationship between aging and the severity of periodontal disease....
The study aimed to evaluate the periodontal disease status in different age groups and clarify the relationship between aging and the severity of periodontal disease. The test animals were cynomolgus monkeys that were born and raised at the Tsukuba Primate Research Center of the National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition. The participants were divided into three groups: young (5-10 years old), middle (10-19 years old), and old (≥20 years old). The plaque Index (PLI), Gingival Index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) were used for the periodontal examination. Representative teeth were also examined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify Porphyromonas macacae in dental plaque. Multiple comparisons and regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between each age group and each oral examination index. Statistically significant differences were found between the age groups and periodontal examination index. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age was strongly correlated with each oral examination index. Based on these results, oral examinations of cynomolgus monkeys kept in the same environment confirmed an association between aging and periodontal disease severity. Monkeys at this facility are expected to serve as new experimental models for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the progression of age-related periodontal disease.
PubMed: 38811232
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0141 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024() is a gram-negative oral pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Previous studies have linked poor oral health and periodontitis with oral cancer. Severe...
() is a gram-negative oral pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Previous studies have linked poor oral health and periodontitis with oral cancer. Severe cases of periodontal disease can result in advanced periodontitis, leading to tissue degradation, tooth loss, and may also correlate with higher gastric cancer (GC) risk. In fact, tooth loss is associated with an elevated risk of cancer. However, the clinical evidence for this association remains inconclusive. Periodontitis is also characterized by chronic inflammation and upregulation of members of the Programmed Death 1/PD1 Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) axis that leads to an immunosuppressive state. Given that chronic inflammation and immunosuppression are conditions that facilitate cancer progression and carcinogenesis, we hypothesize that oral and/or its virulence factors serve as a mechanistic link between oral health and gastric carcinogenesis/GC progression. We also discuss the potential impact of ' virulence factors (gingipains, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fimbriae) on inflammation and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in GC which are part of the current standard of care for advanced stage patients.
PubMed: 38807771
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1403089 -
Dental Research Journal 2024This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of common gum protection and antiplaque toothpastes against () and () as important periodontal pathogens.
BACKGROUND
This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of common gum protection and antiplaque toothpastes against () and () as important periodontal pathogens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This experimental study investigated the antimicrobial activity of 15 commonly used toothpastes from different companies on the two common types of periopathogens, and . The antimicrobial activity of toothpaste was evaluated at three concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% and analyzed by agar well diffusion plate method and zone of inhibition. The obtained data were compared and statistically analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference tests (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
One-way ANOVA showed that the mean diameter of the two-bacterial zone of inhibition was significantly different at 100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations of toothpastes ( < 0.001). In general, the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition was greater at 100% concentration than the other two concentrations in all toothpastes. The highest zone of inhibition of the was in the toothpastes containing tin. Further, the highest zone of inhibition of was found in the triclosan-containing toothpastes.
CONCLUSION
Toothpastes containing triclosan had the most antimicrobial activity against . Moreover, toothpastes containing tin compounds had the most antimicrobial effect against .
PubMed: 38807660
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have an oronasal communication differed from the closed state in healthy individuals, leading to a unique oral microbiome. This... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have an oronasal communication differed from the closed state in healthy individuals, leading to a unique oral microbiome. This study aimed to determine if variances in the oral microbiota persist among CLP patients who have received treatments for the closure of these fistulas compared to the microbiota of healthy individuals.
METHODS
Saliva samples were collected from a cohort comprising 28 CLP patients (CLP group) and 30 healthy controls (HC group). Utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota.
RESULTS
The analysis of the microbiota in the saliva samples revealed a total of 23 microbial phyla, 38 classes, 111 orders, 184 families, 327 genera and 612 species. The alpha diversity with microbial abundance and evenness indicated the significant difference between the CLP and HC groups. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the ADONIS test further supported the presence of distinct microorganisms between the two groups. The CLP group displayed elevated abundances of Neisseria, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella, as indicated by LefSe analysis. Conversely, Rothia, Veillonella, and Pauljensenia exhibited significant reductions in abundance in the CLP group. The results of the PICRUSt analysis indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of 25 KEGG pathways within the CLP group. Through Spearman correlation analysis, strong associations between Rothia, Veillonella, and Pauljensenia and 25 functional pathways linked to CLP were identified.
CONCLUSION
Findings of this study offer a thorough comprehension of the microbiome profiles of CLP patients after the restoration of oronasal structure and are anticipated to present innovative concepts for the treatment of CLP.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Palate; Cleft Lip; Microbiota; Male; Female; Saliva; Case-Control Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Adolescent; Adult; Mouth; Child; Young Adult
PubMed: 38807164
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04387-3 -
Animal Microbiome May 2024Metritis is a prevalent uterine disease that affects the welfare, fertility, and survival of dairy cows. The uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those...
BACKGROUND
Metritis is a prevalent uterine disease that affects the welfare, fertility, and survival of dairy cows. The uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those that remain healthy do not differ from calving until 2 days postpartum, after which there is a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiome characterized by a shift towards opportunistic pathogens such as Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Whether these opportunistic pathogens proliferate and overtake the uterine commensals could be determined by the type of substrates present in the uterus. The objective of this study was to integrate uterine microbiome and metabolome data to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows that develop metritis. Holstein cows (n = 104) had uterine fluid collected at calving and at the day of metritis diagnosis. Cows with metritis (n = 52) were paired with cows without metritis (n = 52) based on days after calving. First, the uterine microbiome and metabolome were evaluated individually, and then integrated using network analyses.
RESULTS
The uterine microbiome did not differ at calving but differed on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows with and without metritis. The uterine metabolome differed both at calving and on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows that did and did not develop metritis. Omics integration was performed between 6 significant bacteria genera and 153 significant metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Integration was not performed at calving because there were no significant differences in the uterine microbiome. A total of 3 bacteria genera (i.e. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides) were strongly correlated with 49 metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Seven of the significant metabolites at calving were among the 49 metabolites strongly correlated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on the day of metritis diagnosis. The main metabolites have been associated with attenuation of biofilm formation by commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria overgrowth, tissue damage and inflammation, immune evasion, and immune dysregulation.
CONCLUSIONS
The data integration presented herein helps advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis. The identified metabolites may provide a competitive advantage to the main uterine pathogens Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides, and may be promising targets for future interventions aiming to reduce opportunistic pathogenic bacteria growth in the uterus.
PubMed: 38802977
DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00314-7 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence,...
INTRODUCTION
Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence, resulting in the fissure remaining in the mouth for a longer length of time. Patients with AC have a greater rate of oral diseases such as dental caries than the normal population, and the precise characteristics of the bacterial alterations caused by AC are unknown.
METHODS
We recruited a total of 87 subjects and collected dental plaque samples from AC adolescents (AAP), post-operative ABG adolescents (PAP), healthy control adolescents (CAP), AC young adults (AYP), post-operative ABG young adults (PYP), and healthy control young adults (CYP). The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed.
RESULTS
The microbial composition of plaque from alveolar cleft patients differed significantly from age-matched healthy controls. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that AAP was enriched for , and , whereas AYP was enriched for , and . There were phenotypic differences in facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and oxidative stress tolerance between the AYP group with longer alveolar cleft and the healthy control group according to Bugbase phenotypic predictions. Alveolar bone grafting did not alter the functional phenotype of alveolar cleft patients but reduced the number of differential genera between alveolar cleft patients and healthy controls at both ages.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study systematically characterized the supragingival plaque microbiota of alveolar cleft patients, post-alveolar bone grafting patients, and matched healthy controls in two ages to gain a better understanding of plaque ecology and microbiology associated with alveolar clefts.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Cleft Palate; Adolescent; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Male; Cleft Lip; Young Adult; Bacteria; Alveolar Bone Grafting; Adult
PubMed: 38800834
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1361206 -
Biofilm Jun 2024Restorative dental materials can frequently extend below the gingival margin, serving as a potential haven for microbial colonization, and altering the local oral...
Restorative dental materials can frequently extend below the gingival margin, serving as a potential haven for microbial colonization, and altering the local oral microbiome to ignite infection. However, the contribution of dental materials on driving changes of the composition of the subgingival microbiome is under-investigated. This study evaluated the microbiome-modulating properties of three biomaterials, namely resin dental composites (COM), antimicrobial piezoelectric composites (BTO), and hydroxyapatite (HA), using an optimized subgingival microbiome model derived from patients with periodontal disease. Dental materials were subjected to static or cyclic loading (mastication forces) during biofilm growth. Microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dysbiosis was measured in terms of subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI). Biomaterials subjected to cyclic masticatory loads were associated with enhanced biofilm viability except on the antibacterial composite. Biomaterials held static were associated with increased biofilm biomass, especially on HA surfaces. Overall, the microbiome richness (Chao index) was similar for all the biomaterials and loading conditions. However, the microbiome diversity (Shannon index) for the HA beams was significantly different than both composites. In addition, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between composites and HA biomaterials, and between both loading conditions (static and cyclic). Under static conditions, microbiomes formed over HA surfaces resulted in increased dysbiosis compared to composites through the enrichment of periopathogens, including , , and spp., and depletion of commensals such as and spp. Interestingly, cyclic loading reversed the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over HA (depletion of periopathogenes) but increased the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over composites (enrichment of and ). Comparison of species formed on both composites (control and antibacterial) showed some differences. Commercial composites enriched spp. and depleted . Piezoelectric composites effectively controlled the microbiome viability without significantly impacting the species abundance. Findings of this work open new understandings of the effects of different biomaterials on the modulation of oral biofilms and the relationship with oral subgingival infections.
PubMed: 38800100
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100199 -
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and... May 2024The study aimed to explore the impact and potential mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PG) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell...
The study aimed to explore the impact and potential mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PG) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell behavior. ESCC cells from the Shanghai Cell Bank were used, and TLR4, MYD88, and JNK interference vectors were constructed using adenovirus. The cells were divided into six groups: Control, Model, Model + radiotherapy + LPS-PG, Model + radiotherapy + 3-MA, Model + radiotherapy + LPS-PG + 3-MA, and Model + radiotherapy. Various radiation doses were applied to determine the optimal dose, and a radioresistant ESCC cell model was established and verified. CCK8 assay measured cell proliferation, flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 assay assessed apoptosis, and acridine orange fluorescence staining tested autophagy. Western blot analyzed the expression of LC3II, ATG7, P62, and p-ULK1. Initially, CCK8 and acridine orange fluorescence staining identified optimal LPS-PG intervention conditions. Results revealed that 10 ng/ml LPS-PG for 12 h was optimal. LPS-PG increased autophagy activity, while 3-MA decreased it. LPS-PG + 3-MA group exhibited reduced autophagy. LPS-PG promoted proliferation and autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis in radioresistant ESCCs. LPS-PG regulated TLR4/MYD88/JNK pathway, enhancing ESCC autophagy, proliferation, and radioresistance. In conclusion, LPS-PG, through the TLR4/MYD88/JNK pathway, promotes ESCC proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and enhances radioresistance by inducing autophagy.
PubMed: 38799145
DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-138 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024The Type-IX secretion system (T9SS) is a nanomachinery utilized by bacterial pathogens to facilitate infection. The system is regulated by a signaling cascade serving as...
The Type-IX secretion system (T9SS) is a nanomachinery utilized by bacterial pathogens to facilitate infection. The system is regulated by a signaling cascade serving as its activation switch. A pivotal member in this cascade, the response regulator protein PorX, represents a promising drug target to prevent the secretion of virulence factors. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of PorX both and . First, our structural studies revealed PorX harbours a unique enzymatic effector domain, which, surprisingly, shares structural similarities with the alkaline phosphatase superfamily, involved in nucleotide and lipid signaling pathways. Importantly, such pathways have not been associated with the T9SS until now. Enzymatic characterization of PorX's effector domain revealed a zinc-dependent phosphodiesterase activity, with active site dimensions suitable to accommodate a large substrate. Unlike typical response regulators that dimerize via their receiver domain upon phosphorylation, we found that zinc can also induce conformational changes and promote PorX's dimerization via an unexpected interface. These findings suggest that PorX can serve as a cellular zinc sensor, broadening our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms. Despite the strict conservation of PorX in T9SS-utilizing bacteria, we demonstrate that PorX is essential for virulence factors secretion in and affects metabolic enzymes secretion in the non-pathogenic , but not for the secretion of gliding adhesins. Overall, this study advances our structural and functional understanding of PorX, highlighting its potential as a druggable target for intervention strategies aimed at disrupting the T9SS and mitigating virulence in pathogenic species.
PubMed: 38798656
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594396