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Scientific Reports May 2024Objectives were to assess differences in uterine microbiome associated with clinical cure and pregnancy outcomes in dairy cows treated for metritis. Cows with metritis...
Objectives were to assess differences in uterine microbiome associated with clinical cure and pregnancy outcomes in dairy cows treated for metritis. Cows with metritis (reddish-brownish, watery, and fetid vaginal discharge) were paired with cows without metritis based on parity and days postpartum. Uterine contents were collected through transcervical lavage at diagnosis, five days later following antimicrobial therapy (day 5), and at 40 days postpartum. Uterine microbiome was assessed by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Although alpha-diversity based on Chao1, Shannon, and inverse Simpson indexes at diagnosis did not differ between cows with and without metritis, disease was associated with differences in beta-diversity. Prevalence of Porphyromonas, Bacteroides, and Veillonella was greater in cows with metritis. Streptococcus, Sphingomonas, and Ureaplasma were more prevalent in cows without metritis. Differences in beta-diversity between cows with and without metritis persisted on day 5. Uterine microbiome was not associated with clinical cure. Richness and alpha-diversity, but not beta-diversity, of uterine microbiome 40 days postpartum were associated with metritis and pregnancy. No relationship between uterine microbiome and pregnancy outcomes was observed. Results indicate that factors other than changes in intrauterine bacterial community underlie fertility loss and clinical cure in cows with metritis.
Topics: Female; Animals; Cattle; Pregnancy; Uterus; Microbiota; Pregnancy Outcome; Endometritis; Cattle Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria
PubMed: 38789554
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61704-0 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Oral disorders can exert systemic ramifications beyond their localized effects on dental tissues, implicating a wide array of physiological conditions. The utilization...
Oral disorders can exert systemic ramifications beyond their localized effects on dental tissues, implicating a wide array of physiological conditions. The utilization of essential oils (EOs) for protection of oral health represents a longstanding practice. Consequently, in this investigation, essential oil derived from Nigella sativa seeds (NSEO) underwent isolation via the hydro-distillation process, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antibacterial activities, and cytocompatibility. The isolated NSEO manifested as a pale-yellow substance and was found to harbor a diverse spectrum of bioactive constituents, including steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, alkaloids, tannin, sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons, monoterpenoid alcohol, and monoterpenoid ketone (thymoquinone). Notably, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of NSEO were quantified at 641.23 μg GAE/gm and 442.25 μg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, NSEO exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, HRBC membrane stabilization, and hemolysis inhibition. Comparative analysis revealed that NSEO and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% displayed substantial inhibition of hemolysis compared to aspirin. While NSEO and CHX 0.2% demonstrated analogous antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, NSEO showcased heightened efficacy against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans. Additionally, NSEO exhibited pronounced effects against periodontal pathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia. Importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed on human gingival fibroblast cell lines. These findings underscore the potential of NSEO as a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent in the management of oral microbial pathogens, thereby offering avenues for the development of innovative therapies targeting diverse oral inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to unlock its full therapeutic repertoire.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Antioxidants; Nigella sativa; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Seeds; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38789533
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62915-1 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024In severe stages of periodontitis, conventional periodontal therapy and maintenance care are usually insufficient due to the viral and bacterial etiology; thus, a...
A Low-Cost Protocol Using the Adjunctive Action of Povidone-Iodine Irrigations and Sodium Hypochlorite Rinsing Solution in Step 2 of Periodontal Therapy for Patients with Stage III-IV Periodontitis: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.
In severe stages of periodontitis, conventional periodontal therapy and maintenance care are usually insufficient due to the viral and bacterial etiology; thus, a mechanical approach alone may not be sufficient to eliminate a substantial portion of subgingival pathogens, especially in deep periodontal sites. : This single-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a low-cost protocol using povidone-iodine and sodium hypochlorite formulations as adjuncts to non-surgical therapy for patients with stage IV periodontitis when compared with chlorhexidine, the most commonly employed substance to date for antimicrobial regimens in periodontal therapy. : Forty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups: control (subgingival instrumentation, chlorhexidine-assisted) and test (antiviral medication, subgingival instrumentation with povidone-iodine, sodium hypochlorite rinsing solution, and antibiotics). Clinical measurements and microbiological analyses were performed at baseline and after three months. : After three months, notable differences were found in the bacterial detection scores for (a significant reduction in detection frequency was observed in the test compared to the control ( = 0.021)), and there were significant reductions in detection in the test group for and , showing undetectable levels ( < 0.0001 for both). In the test group, the pocket probing depth median value was reduced significantly ( = 0.0005); similarly, bleeding on probing showed a marked decrease ( < 0.0001). However, changes in clinical attachment loss and full-mouth plaque score were not statistically significant. : Using the proposed protocol, substantial improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters were obtained when compared with the current antimicrobial recommendations.
PubMed: 38786542
DOI: 10.3390/dj12050144 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different toothpaste ingredients on biofilm volume and vitality in an established non-contact biofilm...
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different toothpaste ingredients on biofilm volume and vitality in an established non-contact biofilm removal model. A multi-species biofilm comprising , , and was grown on protein-coated titanium disks. Six disks per group were exposed to 4 seconds non-contact brushing using a sonic toothbrush. Four groups assessed slurries containing different ingredients, i.e., dexpanthenol (DP), peppermint oil (PO), cocamidopropyl betaine (CB), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), one positive control group with the slurry of a toothpaste (POS), and a negative control group with physiological saline (NEG). Biofilm volume and vitality were measured using live-dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics and inter-group differences. In the test groups, lowest vitality and volume were found for CB (50.2 ± 11.9%) and PO (3.6 × 10 ± 1.8 × 10 µm), respectively. Significant differences regarding biofilm vitality were found comparing CB and PO ( = 0.033), CB and NEG ( = 0.014), NaOH and NEG ( = 0.033), and POS and NEG ( = 0.037). However, no significant inter-group differences for biofilm volume were observed. These findings suggest that CB as a toothpaste ingredient had a considerable impact on biofilm vitality even in a non-contact brushing setting, while no considerable impact on biofilm volume was found.
PubMed: 38786539
DOI: 10.3390/dj12050141 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024Periodontal disease is caused by oral pathogenic bacteria and is associated with systemic disease and frailty. Therefore, its prevention is crucial in extending healthy...
Periodontal disease is caused by oral pathogenic bacteria and is associated with systemic disease and frailty. Therefore, its prevention is crucial in extending healthy life expectancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orally administered oleanolic acid, extracted from wine pomace, on periodontopathic bacterial growth in healthy individuals. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study, 84 healthy adults were assigned to a placebo ( = 29), low-dose ( = 29, 9 mg oleanolic acid), or high-dose ( = 26, 27 mg oleanolic acid) groups. The number of oral bacteria in their saliva, collected before and 5 h after administration, was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-invader technique. The proportion of periodontopathic bacteria among the total oral bacteria in the saliva was calculated. Oleanolic acid significantly decreased the proportion of among the total oral bacteria in a dose-dependent manner ( = 0.005 (low-dose) and = 0.003 (high-dose) vs. placebo, Williams' test). Moreover, high-dose oleanolic acid decreased the proportion of ( = 0.064 vs. placebo, Williams' test). Periodontopathic bacteria are closely associated with the development and progression of periodontal disease; thus, the continuous daily intake of oleanolic acid derived from pomace may be helpful in maintaining a healthy oral microbiome by controlling the proportion of periodontopathic bacteria.
PubMed: 38786531
DOI: 10.3390/dj12050133 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024To improve the clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy, the adjunctive use of antimicrobials has been utilized in treating...
To improve the clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy, the adjunctive use of antimicrobials has been utilized in treating moderate-to-severe periodontitis. In our study, the retrospective design included previously collected health-related patient data, obtained from the printed and digital charts of patients who received systemic or local antibiotic adjuncts to SI (subgingival instrumentation). A total of 34 patients (diagnosed with generalized Stage III/IV periodontitis) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were evaluated. The samples were tested for the following bacterial strains: (), (), (), (), and (). The inter-group comparisons of the bacterial species did not show statistically significant differences between groups. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects after SI and the adjunctive use of systemically administered (SA) AMX (amoxicillin) + MET (metronidazole) (administered for 7 days), with locally delivered (LDD) piperacillin + tazobactam in step 2 of periodontal therapy. Results: Overall, all parameters were improved in the groups, with a significant difference in inter-group comparison regarding the full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) ( < 0.05) in favor of the SA group, and the -value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Statistically significant PPD (probing pocket depth) reductions and CAL (clinical attachment level) gains were observed in both groups at the 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, within the limitations, the outcomes of this study suggest that SI, with adjunctive local or systemic antibiotic therapy, provided comparable clinical improvements. Systemic AMX + MET protocols were more efficacious with regard to the reduction in FMBS. Follow-up studies with larger patient numbers are needed to further investigate this effect.
PubMed: 38786158
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050430 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology May 2024Periodontal diseases are among the most common bacterial-related pathologies affecting the oral cavity of dogs. Nevertheless, the canine oral ecosystem and its...
Periodontal diseases are among the most common bacterial-related pathologies affecting the oral cavity of dogs. Nevertheless, the canine oral ecosystem and its correlations with oral disease development are still far from being fully characterized. In this study, the species-level taxonomic composition of saliva and dental plaque microbiota of 30 healthy dogs was investigated through a shallow shotgun metagenomics approach. The obtained data allowed not only to define the most abundant and prevalent bacterial species of the oral microbiota in healthy dogs, including members of the genera Corynebacterium and Porphyromonas, but also to identify the presence of distinct compositional motifs in the two oral microniches as well as taxonomical differences between dental plaques collected from anterior and posterior teeth. Subsequently, the salivary and dental plaque microbiota of 18 dogs affected by chronic gingival inflammation and 18 dogs with periodontitis were compared to those obtained from the healthy dogs. This analysis allowed the identification of bacterial and metabolic biomarkers correlated with a specific clinical status, including members of the genera Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium as microbial biomarkers of a healthy and diseased oral status, respectively, and genes predicted to encode for metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties as metabolic biomarkers of a healthy status.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Saliva; Biomarkers; Dental Plaque; Periodontal Diseases; Microbiota; Dog Diseases; Bacteria; Porphyromonas; Metagenomics; Mouth; Male
PubMed: 38782729
DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae082 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Increasing evidence indicates the microbial ecology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is intricately associated with the disease's status and severity, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence indicates the microbial ecology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is intricately associated with the disease's status and severity, and distinct microbial ecological variations exist between COPD and healthy control (HC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize microbial diversity indices and taxa relative abundance of oral, airway, and intestine microbiota of different stages of COPD and HC to make comparisons.
METHODS
A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant English articles on the oral, airway, and intestine microbiota in COPD published between 2003 and 8 May 2023. Information on microbial diversity indices and taxa relative abundance of oral, airway, and intestine microbiota was collected for comparison between different stages of COPD and HC.
RESULTS
A total of 20 studies were included in this review, involving a total of 337 HC participants, 511 COPD patients, and 154 AECOPD patients. We observed that no significant differences in alpha diversity between the participant groups, but beta diversity was significantly different in half of the included studies. Compared to HC, , , , and of oral microbiota in SCOPD were reduced at the genus level. Most studies supported that , , and were increased, but , , , , and were decreased at the genus level in the airway microbiota of SCOPD. However, the abundance of , and genera exhibited an increase, whereas and showed a decrease in the airway microbiota of AECOPD compared to HC. And of intestine microbiota in SCOPD was reduced at the genus level.
CONCLUSION
The majority of published research findings supported that COPD exhibited decreased alpha diversity compared to HC. However, our meta-analysis does not confirm it. In order to further investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of microbiome in the oral-airway- intestine axis of COPD patients, larger-scale and more rigorous studies are needed.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/), identifier CRD42023418726.
Topics: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mouth; Microbiota; Bacteria
PubMed: 38779669
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1407439 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Periodontal diseases are known to be associated with polymicrobial biofilms and inflammasome activation. A deeper understanding of the subgingival cytological (micro)...
INTRODUCTION
Periodontal diseases are known to be associated with polymicrobial biofilms and inflammasome activation. A deeper understanding of the subgingival cytological (micro) landscape, the role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) during periodontitis, and contribution of the host immune eDNA to inflammasome persistence, may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlaying severe forms of periodontitis.
METHODS
In this work, subgingival biolfilms developing on biologically neutral polyethylene terephthalate films placed in gingival cavities of patients with chronic periodontitis were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This allowed examination of realistic cytological landscapes and visualization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) including amyloids, total proteins, carbohydrates and eDNA, as well as comparison with several single-strain model biofilms produced by oral pathogens such as , , , , and . Fluorescence hybridization (FISH) analysis was also used to identify eDNA derived from eubacteria, streptococci and members of the (BPP) group associated with periodontitis.
RESULTS
Analysis of subgingival biofilm EPS revealed low levels of amyloids and high levels of eDNA which appears to be the main matrix component. However, bacterial eDNA contributed less than a third of the total eDNA observed, suggesting that host-derived eDNA released in neutrophil extracellular traps may be of more importance in the development of biofilms causing periodontitis.
DISCUSSION
eDNA derived from host immunocompetent cells activated at the onset of periodontitis may therefore be a major driver of bacterial persistence and pathogenesis.
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Periodontitis; Microscopy, Confocal; DNA; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Inflammasomes; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Gingiva; Chronic Periodontitis
PubMed: 38779563
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374817 -
IScience Jun 2024Mechanisms by which () infection enhances oral tumor growth or resistance to cell death remain elusive. Here, we determined that infection mediates therapeutic...
Mechanisms by which () infection enhances oral tumor growth or resistance to cell death remain elusive. Here, we determined that infection mediates therapeutic resistance via inhibiting lethal mitophagy in cancer cells and tumors. Mechanistically, targets the LC3B-ceramide complex by associating with LC3B via bacterial major fimbriae (FimA) protein, preventing ceramide-dependent mitophagy in response to various therapeutic agents. Moreover, ceramide-mediated mitophagy is induced by Annexin A2 (ANXA2)-ceramide association involving the E142 residue of ANXA2. Inhibition of ANXA2-ceramide-LC3B complex formation by wild-type prevented ceramide-dependent mitophagy. Moreover, a FimA-deletion mutant variant had no inhibitory effects on ceramide-dependent mitophagy. Further, 16S rRNA sequencing of oral tumors indicated that infection altered the microbiome of the tumor macroenvironment in response to ceramide analog treatment in mice. Thus, these data provide a mechanism describing the pro-survival roles of in oral tumors.
PubMed: 38779482
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109860