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Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024Intravenous drug users (IDUs) have a high risk of developing skin and soft tissue infections such as erysipelas, abscesses, and less frequently necrotizing fasciitis...
BACKGROUND
Intravenous drug users (IDUs) have a high risk of developing skin and soft tissue infections such as erysipelas, abscesses, and less frequently necrotizing fasciitis (NF) or gas gangrene. Rarely, the cause of the infection is microorganisms residing in the oral cavity and can lead to life-threatening infections.
METHODS
We describe the case of a 43-year-old man intravenous drug user (IDU) who was admitted for intense leg pain following an injection of cocaine at that site.
RESULTS
A clinical and radiological diagnosis of NF was made, so the patient was started on empirical antibiotic therapy and underwent surgical fasciotomy (after 8 hours from admission). was isolated from multiple intraoperative specimens and was resistant to initial antimicrobial therapy. The man, suffering from periodontal disease, reported sucking the syringe several times to unblock it. Both fasciotomy surgery and adjustment of antimicrobial therapy enabled therapeutic success.
CONCLUSIONS
In IDUs the risk of deep skin and soft tissue infections is high and may be aggravated by contamination with oral microorganisms. The choice of empirical antibiotic treatment should include agents active against oral cavity anaerobes, such as
PubMed: 38562513
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2334545 -
Archives of Oral Biology May 2024This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents.
DESIGN
An electronic search was carried out across five databases. Studies were included if they conducted research on generally healthy adolescents, applied molecular-based microbiological analyses and assessed caries status. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment.
RESULTS
In total, 3935 records were reviewed which resulted in a selection of 20 cross-sectional studies (published 2005-2022) with a sample size ranging from 11 to 614 participants including adolescents between 11 and 19 years. The studies analyzed saliva, dental biofilm or tongue swabs with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, (q)PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing methods. Prevotella denticola, Scardoviae Wiggsiae, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently reported species presenting higher abundance in adolescents with caries. The majority of the studies reported that the microbial diversity was similar between participants with and without dental caries.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review is the first that shows how the oral microbiota composition in adolescents appears to differ between those with and without dental caries, suggesting certain taxa may be associated with increased caries risk. However, there is a need to replicate and expand these findings in larger, longitudinal studies that also focus on caries severity and take adolescent-specific factors into account.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Dental Caries; Cross-Sectional Studies; Streptococcus mutans; Saliva; Microbiota; DNA
PubMed: 38447351
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105933 -
Oncogene Feb 2023Appendectomy impacts the homeostasis of gut microbiome in patients. We aimed to study the role of appendectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through causing gut...
Appendectomy impacts the homeostasis of gut microbiome in patients. We aimed to study the role of appendectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through causing gut microbial dysbiosis. Population-based longitudinal study (cohort 1, n = 129,155) showed a 73.0% increase in CRC risk among appendectomy cases throughout 20 years follow-up (Adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.49-2.01, P < 0.001). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples from cohort 2 (n = 314). Gut microbial dysbiosis in appendectomy subjects was observed with significant enrichment of 7 CRC-promoting bacteria (Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides fragilis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella ruminicola, Prevotella fucsa, Prevotella dentalis, Prevotella denticola) and depletion of 5 beneficial commensals (Blautia sp YL58, Enterococcus hirae, Lachnospiraceae bacterium Choco86, Collinsella aerofaciens, Blautia sp SC05B48). Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among enriched bacteria and their enriched oncogenic pathways in appendectomy subjects compared to controls. Of which, B. fragilis was the centrality in the network of the enriched bacteria. We further confirmed that appendectomy promoted colorectal tumorigenesis in mice by causing gut microbial dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier function. Collectively, this study revealed appendectomy-induced microbial dysbiosis characterized by enriched CRC-promoting bacteria and depleted beneficial commensals, signifying that the gut microbiome may play a crucial role in CRC development induced by appendectomy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Appendectomy; Longitudinal Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36539569
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02569-3 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022Previous studies have indicated that the exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria exhibit antibiofilm activity against non-oral bacteria by preventing their initial...
Previous studies have indicated that the exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria exhibit antibiofilm activity against non-oral bacteria by preventing their initial adhesion to surfaces and by downregulating the expression of genes responsible for their biofilm formation. The aims of this study were to (1) characterize the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of EIR/IF-1 postbiotics, (2) test their antibiofilm effect on dual biofilms, and (3) evaluate their bacterial auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrocarbon-binding inhibitory activity. The EPSs were characterized by FTIR, HPLC, and thermogravimetric analysis. Bacterial auto- and co-aggregation were tested by Kolenbrander's method and hydrocarbon binding was tested by Rosenberg's method. Dual biofilms were formed by culturing ATCC 25586 with one of the following bacteria: ATCC 33185, AHN 33266, ATCC 33277, AHN 24155, and ATCC 35896. The EPSs contained fractions with different molecular weights (51 and 841 kDa) and monosaccharides of glucose, galactose, and fructose. The EPSs showed antibiofilm activity in all the biofilm models tested. The EPSs may have inhibited bacterial aggregation and binding to hydrocarbons by reducing bacterial hydrophobicity. In conclusion, the EPSs of EIR/IF-1, which consists of two major fractions, exhibited antibiofilm activity against oral bacteria, which can be explained by the inhibitory effect of EPSs on the auto-aggregation and co-aggregation of bacteria and their binding to hydrocarbons.
PubMed: 36363792
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112200 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases and... Sep 2022Aortoenteric fistula is a rare complication after endovascular stent grafting. In the present report, we have described the case of a 69-year-old man 3 years after...
Aortoenteric fistula is a rare complication after endovascular stent grafting. In the present report, we have described the case of a 69-year-old man 3 years after endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm who had presented with worsening back pain and fever. Computed tomography had demonstrated dilated bowel and a thickened aortic wall, with air foci within the native aneurysm sac. He underwent emergent right axillary-bifemoral bypass with explantation of the aortic endograft and primary repair of the duodenal fistula. Tissue cultures grew and , and he was discharged home with 6 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone and oral metronidazole after an 18-day hospital admission.
PubMed: 35996728
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2022.06.003 -
Cureus Jun 2022A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension...
A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension empyema. Thoracostomy was performed, and hemodynamics subsequently improved. Later, was cultured. This is the first known reported case of tension empyema.
PubMed: 35832761
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25853 -
PeerJ 2022Primary dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among preschool children, which can cause severe damage to teeth and even affect the mental well-being of...
BACKGROUND
Primary dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among preschool children, which can cause severe damage to teeth and even affect the mental well-being of children. Various studies have demonstrated that the oral microbiome plays a pivotal role in the onset and development of dental caries. However, it remains uncertain about the key microbial markers associated with caries, owing to the limited evidence.
METHODS
Fifteen S-ECC children and fifteen healthy controls were selected from three-year-old children in this study. Their clinical data and oral saliva samples were collected. Shotgun sequencing was conducted to investigate the microbial differences and the relevant functions between the two groups.
RESULTS
We observed no apparent difference in oral microbial community diversity between the two groups. Still, at the genus/species levels, several characteristic genera/species such as , and increased significantly in S-ECC children, compared with the oral health group. Furthermore, we found that functional pathways involving glycolysis and acid production, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, were prominently up-regulated in the high-caries group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that dental caries in children were associated with the alterations in the oral microbiota at the composition and functional levels, which may potentially inspire the exploration of microbial diagnosis or therapeutic treatments.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Actinomyces; Microbiota
PubMed: 35669952
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13529 -
Cureus Jan 2022Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) have an increased risk for various types of local and systemic infections including necrotizing fasciitis (NF), which is a...
Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) have an increased risk for various types of local and systemic infections including necrotizing fasciitis (NF), which is a life-threatening bacterial soft tissue infection that requires a prompt diagnosis and treatment. is a part of the species, which are obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative rods related to genus and often implicated in periodontal and dental disease, but have been associated with soft tissue infections and other systemic complications such as cerebral abscess and endocarditis. This case reports a 30-year-old female IVDU who presented with necrotizing fasciitis of the right anterior thigh with associated right knee septic arthritis due to . The patient was treated with emergent irrigation and radical debridement along with IV antibiotic treatment for eight weeks. A review of literature was performed regarding necrotizing fasciitis caused by species. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by species is rare; however, there must be a high index of suspicion among IVDUs to allow for a prompt diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 35145805
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20901 -
Microorganisms Jul 2021Antimicrobial surface modifications are required to prevent biomaterial-associated biofilm infections, which are also a major concern for oral implants. The aim of this...
Antimicrobial surface modifications are required to prevent biomaterial-associated biofilm infections, which are also a major concern for oral implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different coatings on the biofilm formed by human saliva. Biofilms grown from human saliva on three different bioactive poly(oxanorbornene)-based polymer coatings (the protein-repellent : poly(oxanorbornene)-based poly(sulfobetaine), the protein-repellent and antimicrobial : poly(carboxyzwitterion), and the mildly antimicrobial and protein-adhesive : synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides) were analyzed and compared with the microbial composition of saliva, biofilms grown on uncoated substrates, and biofilms grown in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate. It was found that the polymer coatings significantly reduced the amount of adherent bacteria and strongly altered the microbial composition, as analyzed by 16S RNA sequencing. This may hold relevance for maintaining oral health and the outcome of oral implants due to the existing synergism between the host and the oral microbiome. Especially the reduction of some bacterial species that are associated with poor oral health such as and (observed for and ), and (observed for all coatings) may positively modulate the oral biofilm, including in situ.
PubMed: 34361863
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071427 -
BMC Anesthesiology Apr 2021Laryngeal mask airways (LMA) are commonly used for airway management. Complications with this device are rare. However, when they do occur, there is a high risk for...
BACKGROUND
Laryngeal mask airways (LMA) are commonly used for airway management. Complications with this device are rare. However, when they do occur, there is a high risk for respiratory problems, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment. We present the first case of a life-threatening abscess spreading in the visceral space caused by a penicillin and metronidazole resistant Prevotella Denticola after the use of an LMA.
CASE PRESENTATION
A female patient was admitted to our day care centre for bunion surgery. A single use LMA size 3 (Solus®, intersurgical, Wokingham, Berkshire, United Kingdom) was successfully inserted. After surgery, the patient complained of a sore throat and amoxicillin was prescribed by the general practitioner. Three days after surgery the patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for obstructive breathing, due to an abscess in the visceral space. Retropharyngeal and certainly parapharyngeal abscesses in adults are already rare. This case however, is unique because it is the first case of abscess spreading into the visceral space after the use of an LMA. Amoxicillin/clavulanate and vancomycin were started. The abscess was incised 5 days later and microbiology showed 3 positive cultures of the anaerobe Prevotella denticola, resistant for penicillin and metronidazole, but sensitive for amoxicillin/clavulanate. The patient fully recovered.
CONCLUSION
LMA's are easy to use and are established, safe tools to support ventilation of the airway. In this case, the authors hypothesise a small wound in the lateral pharyngeal wall probably created an opening into the visceral space causing infection with Prevotella denticola, supporting the idea that the pharyngeal mucosal space must be part of the visceral space. Additionally, early recognition and treatment of an LMA induced abscess is necessary to prevent evolution of complications leading to airway obstruction.
Topics: Abscess; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Middle Aged; Prevotella; Vancomycin
PubMed: 33820534
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01322-9