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Journal of Medical Case Reports Nov 2015Tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide. Sudan has high burden of tuberculosis (TB) with a prevalence of 209 cases per 100,000 of the population and it is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide. Sudan has high burden of tuberculosis (TB) with a prevalence of 209 cases per 100,000 of the population and it is commonly presented with pulmonary disease but involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is not uncommon. Abdominal tuberculosis comprises about 1-3 % of all cases of tuberculosis and about 12% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It involves the ileocecal region, but involvement of stomach and duodenum are rare sites. Here we present an unusual case of gastric outlet obstruction due to gastric tuberculosis.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 54-year-old Sudanese man presented with a non-bile stain persistent projectile vomiting, and epigastric pain for two years associated with marked loss of weight. There is no fever or cough. He was on antacid, physical examination showed BMI 18 and stable vital signs. He was not pale or jaundiced, there was no cervical lymphadenopathy and chest was clear. Abdominal examination was normal apart of positive succussion splash. The results of haematological tests were normal, ESR was 30 mm/hr, hepatitis B, C and HIV were negative. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed that the stomach was full of fluid and food particles and ulcerated mass in the pylorus extended to the proximal part of the duodenum with severe narrowing of the pylorus. The lesion biopsied and the result revealed active inflammatory cells, cryptitis and multiple lymphoid follicles, no malignancy seen. Sonographic test showed hypodense pyloric mass, enlarged para-aortic and mesenteric lymph nodes and mild pelvic ascites. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed antral hypodense lesions multiple mesenteric lymphadenopathies peritoneal thickening and ascites. Chest X-ray was normal. Intra-operative findings were dilated stomach and pylorus mass with multiple mesenteric lymph nodes, peritoneal and omental seedlings all over with small nodules on the surface of the liver, gastro-jejunostomy was done. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Postoperative event was uneventful. Patient received anti-tuberculous.
CONCLUSIONS
Here we presented an unusual case of gastric outlet obstruction due to primary gastric tuberculosis, patient underwent surgery to relief his symptoms and received anti-tuberculous.
Topics: Abdomen; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography, Abdominal; Stomach; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 26577440
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-015-0748-8 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2015Astroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial primary brain tumor of uncertain origin. They form 0.45-2.8% of all the neuroglial tumors. This tumor is usually localized in the... (Review)
Review
Astroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial primary brain tumor of uncertain origin. They form 0.45-2.8% of all the neuroglial tumors. This tumor is usually localized in the cerebral hemisphere of young adults and children. The authors report a case of low-grade astroblastoma in a 16-year-old male and review the relevant literature. The patient presented with 2 months history of progressive headache with projectile vomiting for last 2 months. He underwent gross total resection of the lesion through right temporo-occipital craniotomy. Since tumor showed no evidence of high-grade lesion, adjuvant radiotherapy was not planned. However, the patient developed recurrence of the tumor after 12 months. Localized three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was planned. In patients harboring anaplastic astroblastoma, gross-total resection and adjuvant therapy after the initial surgery seems to be the best choice. They can be easily misdiagnosed as they are rarely encountered in clinical practice and share common radiological and histopathologic appearance with other glial neoplasms.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Occipital Lobe; Radiography; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26458709
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.140800 -
Journal of Neonatal Surgery 2015Development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis during postoperative period in EA with TEF is rare. Postoperative vomiting or feeding intolerance in EA is more...
Development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis during postoperative period in EA with TEF is rare. Postoperative vomiting or feeding intolerance in EA is more common which is due to esophageal stricture, gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal dysmotility. A typical case of IHPS also presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting at around 3-4 weeks of life. The diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in this subset is usually delayed because of its rarity. We report a case of IHPS in postoperative EA and emphasize on high index of suspicion to avoid any delay in diagnosis with its metabolic consequences.
PubMed: 26290814
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Jul 2015Congenital jejunal stenosis and gastric duplication cysts are very rare congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract in the newborn. We present a case of...
INTRODUCTION
Congenital jejunal stenosis and gastric duplication cysts are very rare congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract in the newborn. We present a case of congenital membranous jejunal stenosis associated with gastric duplication cysts, which was diagnosed by ultrasonography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital membranous jejunal stenosis associated with a gastric duplication cyst in a newborn.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 1-month-old Chinese baby girl presented with projectile vomiting and hyperpyrexia for 3 days. An upper gastrointestinal contrast study showed incomplete duodenal obstruction; however, ultrasonography revealed congenital membranous jejunal stenosis associated with a gastric duplication cyst. After surgical excision of the jejunal membrane and gastric duplication cyst, she recovered well with no bilious vomiting at the 1-year follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Ultrasonography is a useful tool for the evaluation of membranous jejunal stenosis and the identification of small, asymptomatic gastrointestinal duplication cysts.
Topics: Constriction, Pathologic; Cysts; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jejunal Diseases; Stomach; Ultrasonography; Vomiting
PubMed: 26215850
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-015-0644-2 -
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology... 2015Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relatively common affection of gastrointestinal tract in childhood that results in symptoms, such as projectile vomiting and metabolic...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relatively common affection of gastrointestinal tract in childhood that results in symptoms, such as projectile vomiting and metabolic disorders that imply a high risk of aspiration during anesthetic induction. In this way, the carrying out of a technique with general anesthesia and intravenous rapid sequence induction, preoxygenation and cricoid pressure are recommended. After the correction of systemic metabolic alkalosis and pH normalization, cerebrospinal fluid can keep a state of metabolic alkalosis. This circumstance, in addition to the residual effect of neuromuscular blocking agents, inhalant anesthetics and opioids could increase the risk of postoperative apnea after a general anesthesia.
CASE REPORT
We present the successful management in 3 neonates in those a pyloromyotomy was carried out because they had presented congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. This procedure was done under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation and rapid sequence induction. Then, ultrasound-guided paravertebral block was performed as analgesic method without the need for administrating opioids within intraoperative period and keeping an appropriate analgesic level.
CONCLUSIONS
Local anesthesia has demonstrated to be safe and effective in pediatric practice. We consider the ultrasound-guided paravertebral block with one dose as a possible alternative for other local techniques described, avoiding the use of opioids and neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia, and reducing the risk of central apnea within postoperative period.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intubation, Intratracheal; Nerve Block; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 26123148
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2014.03.012 -
Asian Journal of Neurosurgery 2015Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently described entity with similar features to pilocytic astrocytoma but with a rare occurrence. As a new diagnosis, no treatment...
Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently described entity with similar features to pilocytic astrocytoma but with a rare occurrence. As a new diagnosis, no treatment guideline of PMA has been established; but generally, as for any low-grade gliomas, radical resection is performed if the location is favorable. In this report, we wished to share our experience treating the PMA. The authors presented a case of a 7-year-old girl with bitemporal hemianopia. From the history, the patient had a 4-month history of headache, following with nausea and projectile vomiting 1 week before hospital admission. Past history of seizure, weakness of left extremities, and decreased consciousness were reported. Computed tomography (CT) scanning showed acute obstructive hydrocephalus and an isohypodense mass at suprasellar region with the cystic component. We performed ventriculo-peritoneal-shunt to reduce the acute hydrocephalus, followed by craniotomy tumor removal 2 weeks later. The patient underwent radiotherapy and medical rehabilitation. Diagnosis of PMA was made on the basis of pathologic anatomy result, which showed a myxoid background with pseudorosette. Postoperative CT showed a residual tumor at right parasellar area without hydrocephalus. After the surgery, the treatment was followed with radiotherapy for 20 times within 2 months. Postradiation CT performed 1-year later showed a significant reduction of the tumor mass. There were no new postoperative deficits. The patient had improvement of the visual field and motor strength. The authors reported a case of a 7-year-old girl with PMA. Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy was performed to control the growth of PMA. More observation and further studies are required to refine the treatment methods.
PubMed: 25972955
DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.154989 -
Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia 2015Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relatively common affection of gastrointestinal tract in childhood that results in symptoms, such as projectile vomiting and metabolic...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relatively common affection of gastrointestinal tract in childhood that results in symptoms, such as projectile vomiting and metabolic disorders that imply a high risk of aspiration during anesthetic induction. In this way, the carrying out of a technique with general anesthesia and intravenous rapid sequence induction, preoxygenation and cricoid pressure are recommended. After the correction of systemic metabolic alkalosis and pH normalization, cerebrospinal fluid can keep a state of metabolic alkalosis. This circumstance, in addition to the residual effect of neuromuscular blocking agents, inhalant anesthetics and opioids could increase the risk of postoperative apnea after a general anesthesia.
CASE REPORT
We present the successful management in 3 neonates in those a pyloromyotomy was carried out because they had presented congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. This procedure was done under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation and rapid sequence induction. Then, ultrasound-guided paravertebral block was performed as analgesic method without the need for administrating opioids within intraoperative period and keeping an appropriate analgesic level.
CONCLUSIONS
Local anesthesia has demonstrated to be safe and effective in pediatric practice. We consider the ultrasound-guided paravertebral block with one dose as a possible alternative for other local techniques described, avoiding the use of opioids and neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia, and reducing the risk of central apnea within postoperative period.
PubMed: 25960362
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2014.03.011 -
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2015The etiology of vasospasm after brain tumor resection remains unclear. This is the first report of diffuse cerebral vasospasm following resection of a schwannoma located...
BACKGROUND
The etiology of vasospasm after brain tumor resection remains unclear. This is the first report of diffuse cerebral vasospasm following resection of a schwannoma located in the left portion/part of the ventral medulla oblongata.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 16-year-old boy presented with dizziness and projectile vomiting without apparent cause three months before admission. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a space-occupying lesion in the left portion of the ventral medulla oblongata. The tumor was completely resected. Pathological examination was consistent with diagnosis of schwannoma. Three days after surgery, the patient was in an unconscious state. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm, with ischemic infarction and segmental cerebrovascular stenosis. Seven days after surgery, dehydration therapy was carried out and decompressive craniectomy was performed in the frontal and temporal areas. Despite treatments, the patient was in a persistent vegetative state after surgery, with normal vital signs.
CONCLUSION
This was an uncommon occurrence of diffuse cerebral vasospasm following the resection of schwannoma. Appropriate management of this condition is uncertain, but aggressive treatments including expansion of blood volume and relief of spasm should be performed to treat postsurgery vasospasm.
PubMed: 25709454
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S73333 -
Journal of Infection Prevention Sep 2014Infectious diseases such as norovirus can induce emesis (vomiting), which can be of a projectile nature. Although studies have been carried out on transmission,... (Review)
Review
Infectious diseases such as norovirus can induce emesis (vomiting), which can be of a projectile nature. Although studies have been carried out on transmission, prevalence and decontamination of such micro-organisms within various environments, little is known about the extent to which the surrounding environment is contaminated when an individual vomits. This is an important consideration for infection control purposes. The aim of this study was to develop a simulated vomiting system (Vomiting Larry) to be used for assessing the extent to which projected fluid can contaminate the environment. Vomiting Larry was set up within a Controlled Atmosphere Chamber (CAC) facility at the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). Simulated vomiting was undertaken using water as a vomitus substitute containing a fluorescent marker enabling small splashes, ordinarily missed, to be visualised using UV lighting. Experiments revealed that splashes and droplets produced during an episode of projectile vomiting can travel great distances (>3 m forward spread and 2.6 m lateral spread). The research highlighted that small droplets can be hard to see and therefore cleaning all contaminated surfaces is difficult to achieve. Evidence from this study suggests that areas of at least 7.8 m should be decontaminated following an episode of projectile vomiting.
PubMed: 25419239
DOI: 10.1177/1757177414545390 -
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology... Sep 2014Co-existing pyloric submucosal masses with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) are very rare and treating these lesions is always a problem. A 20-day-old boy presented...
Co-existing pyloric submucosal masses with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) are very rare and treating these lesions is always a problem. A 20-day-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of projectile non-bilious vomiting lasting for 5 days. HPS was suspected due to the presenting age and the symptoms. The sonography demonstrated not only circumferential wall thickening of the pylorus, but also a pyloric submucosal mass. At laparotomy, a 0.8 cm sized pyloric submucosal mass was identified along with a hypertrophied pylorus. Pyloric excision was performed due to the possibility of sustaining the symptoms and malignancy. The pathological report of the submucosal mass was ectopic pancreas. Coexisting pyloric lesions can be diagnosed along with HPS, and surgical excision, not just pyloromyotomy, should be considered in these circumstances. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of pyloric ectopic pancreas and HPS to be diagnosed concurrently.
PubMed: 25349837
DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2014.17.3.196