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PloS One 2023For early detection of canine urothelial and prostatic carcinoma, we intend to develop and commercialize a simple and rapid detection method for the BRAF V595E mutation,...
A novel rapid detection method for a single-nucleotide substitution mutation derived from canine urothelial and prostatic carcinoma cells present in small amounts in urine sediments.
For early detection of canine urothelial and prostatic carcinoma, we intend to develop and commercialize a simple and rapid detection method for the BRAF V595E mutation, a known mutation in this cancer. Detection of the single-nucleotide substitution in cancer cells contained in urine sediments is effective for early cancer diagnosis. However, urine sediment also contains many normal cells, and when there is a small relative composition of cancer cells, the mutation is difficult to detect by conventional methods other than next-generation sequencing. Our new detection method enables reliable discrimination with the same labor and cost as the PCR method. We compared the results of our new method with the results of the conventional Sanger method for 38 canine urine sediment samples, and the results of 34 samples were consistent between both methods. The remaining four results were all determined to be negative by the Sanger method and positive by our new method. For these four samples, the ratio of the mutated gene to the wild-type gene was estimated using a third-generation sequencer, and the ratio of the mutated gene was 0.1%-1.4%. We postulate that the Sanger method gave a negative result because of the low abundance of the mutated gene in these samples, proving the high sensitivity of our new method.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Male; Humans; Body Fluids; Prostatic Neoplasms; Mutation; Nucleotides; Carcinoma
PubMed: 37733700
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286229 -
Minerva Urology and Nephrology Oct 2023BPH-6 achievement remains an objective far to be evaluated for every technique currently available for the surgical management of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) with...
BACKGROUND
BPH-6 achievement remains an objective far to be evaluated for every technique currently available for the surgical management of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) with the goal of preserving ejaculatory function. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors of BPH-6 achievement of urethral-sparing robot assisted simple prostatectomy (us-RASP) on a large series performed at two tertiary-care centers.
METHODS
Two institutional us-RASP datasets were merged, considering eligible all patients with a follow-up >12 months. Baseline, perioperative and functional data according to BPH-6 endpoint were assessed. Descriptive analysis was used. Frequencies and proportions were reported for categorical variables while medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were reported for continuously coded variables. A logistic regression model was built to identify predictors of BPH-6 achievement. For all statistical analyses, a two-sided P<0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
Study cohort consisted of 94 eligible patients. The median follow-up was 40.7 months (IQR 31.3-54.2). Overall BPH-6 achievement was 54.7%. Compared to baseline, reduction of ≥30% in IPSS was observed in 93.6% of patients, reduction of <6 points for SHIM in 95.7% and response to MSHQ-EjD question 3 indicating emission of semen in 72.6%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, prostate volume between 110-180 mL (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.01-0.92; P=0.043) and higher preoperative SHIM score (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.32; P<0.01) were independent predictors of BPH-6 metric achievement.
CONCLUSIONS
us-RASP may provide a complete resolution of BOO and preservation of ejaculatory function in sexually active men with a prostate volume ranging 110-180 mL.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Robotics; Body Fluids; Ejaculation; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction; Prostatectomy
PubMed: 37728496
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-6051.23.05373-9 -
Expression of CD13 and CD26 on extracellular vesicles in canine seminal plasma: preliminary results.Veterinary Research Communications Feb 2024Canine seminal plasma is a complex fluid containing proteins, peptides, enzymes, hormones as well as extracellular vesicles that are involved in many physiological and...
Canine seminal plasma is a complex fluid containing proteins, peptides, enzymes, hormones as well as extracellular vesicles that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes including reproduction. We examined the expression of the extracellular vesicles surface antigens Aminopeptidase-N (CD13) and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) by flow cytometry. For this study, third fraction of the ejaculate, from fertile adult male German Shepherd dogs, was manually collected twice, two days apart. FACS analyses revealed that CD13 and CD26 are co-expressed on the 69.3 ± 3.7% of extracellular vesicles and only a 2.0 ± 0.5% of extracellular vesicles express CD26 alone. On the other hand, 28.6 ± 3.6% of seminal EVs express CD13 alone. Our results agree with the hypothesis that CD26 needs to be co-expressed with other signal-transducing molecules, while CD13, can perform functions independently of the presence or co-expression of CD26. The results obtained in normal fertile dogs could represent physiological expression of these enzymes. Therefore, it would be interesting to carry out further studies to evaluate the expression of CD13 and CD26 on extracellular vesicles as biomarker for prostate pathological condition in dogs.
Topics: Dogs; Male; Animals; Semen; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; CD13 Antigens; Flow Cytometry
PubMed: 37707657
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10202-1 -
Cancers Aug 2023Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of mortality. Changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs seem to be related to early aspects of... (Review)
Review
Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of mortality. Changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs seem to be related to early aspects of prostate cancer, as well as its establishment and proliferation, including the necessary steps for metastasis. Here we compiled, for the first time, the important roles of miRNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of bone metastasis, focusing on recent in vivo and in vitro studies. PCa exosomes are proven to promote metastasis-related events, such as osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and proliferation. Aberrant miRNA expression in PCa may induce abnormal bone remodeling and support tumor development. Furthermore, miRNAs are capable of binding to multiple mRNA targets, a dynamic property that can be harnessed for the development of treatment tools, such as antagomiRs and miRNA mimics, which have emerged as promising candidates in PCa treatment. Finally, miRNAs may serve as noninvasive biomarkers, as they can be detected in tissue and bodily fluids, are highly stable, and show differential expression between nonmetastatic PCa and bone metastatic samples. Taken together, the findings underscore the importance of miRNA expression profiles and miRNA-based tools as rational technologies to increase the quality of life and longevity of patients.
PubMed: 37627055
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164027 -
Biology Aug 2023Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by all cell types and are found in biological fluids including... (Review)
Review
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by all cell types and are found in biological fluids including plasma and urine. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a mixed population of EVs that comprise small EVs that are filtered and excreted, EVs secreted by tubular epithelial cells, and EVs released from the bladder, urethra, and prostate. The packaged cargo within uEVs includes bioactive molecules such as metabolites, lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These molecules are involved in intercellular communication, elicit changes in intracellular signaling pathways, and play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including diabetes-associated hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. uEVs represent a rich source of biomarkers, prognosis markers, and can be loaded with small-molecule drugs as a vehicle for delivery.
PubMed: 37627022
DOI: 10.3390/biology12081138 -
Biology of Reproduction Nov 2023The prostate of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), and of marsupials more generally, is the primary contributor of seminal fluid, yet comparatively little is known...
The prostate of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), and of marsupials more generally, is the primary contributor of seminal fluid, yet comparatively little is known about its microanatomy or biochemistry. This study explored evidence of parenchymal segmentation of the koala prostate. The prostate of three sexually mature koalas were processed for histopathology, histochemistry (Masson's trichrome, Alcian Blue, periodic acid Schiff staining), and immunohistochemistry using basal (tumor protein 63, cytokeratin 14) and luminal (cytokeratin 8/18, prostate specific antigen, androgen receptor) markers. Results confirmed clear segmentation of the koala prostate into three zones, anterior, central, and posterior, characterized by differences in the proportion of glandular tissue, as well as the thickness of collagen fibers; there were also distinct differences in the secretions produced in each zone. Based on immunohistochemistry, the koala prostate showed evidence of both basal proliferative and luminal secretory cells. The ratio of cell types varied across the three segments, with the central segment housing the highest density of basal cells. Globular bodies produced in the anterior zone were shown to possess the same markers as those described for human prostasomes. This study is the first to comprehensively document the marsupial prostate in terms of microanatomy and corresponding immunohistochemistry. While further biochemical analysis, such as proteomics of each segment will better define the relative functions of each tissue, the data presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that the koala prostate potentially represents an example of an ontological stage in the evolutionary differentiation of male eutherian accessory glands.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Phascolarctidae; Prostate; Marsupialia; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 37593918
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad098 -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Aug 2023To evaluate the effect of equal temperature bladder irrigation on bladder spasm, postoperative bleeding, vital signs and discomfort of chills in patients of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of equal temperature bladder irrigation on bladder spasm, postoperative bleeding, vital signs and discomfort of chills in patients of transurethral resection of prostate using meta-analysis.
METHODS
Several electronic databases included Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, China Biology Medicine (CBM) were searched systematically for published randomized controlled trial about equal temperature bladder irrigation in patients with transurethral resection of prostate before November 20, 2019. Two reviewers selected independently the literature in the light of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed the risk of bias by quality assessment and extracted data which were consisted of clinical efficacy indexes, such as incidence of bladder spasm, severity of bladder spasm, incidence of tube plugging, amount of bladder flushing fluid, time of bladder flushing, heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and incidence of chills. Data were pooled using fixed-effects model or random-effects model, and the summary effect measure was calculated by risk ratio () or mean difference () and 95% confidence interval (95%). Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 Software.
RESULTS
In the study, 13 randomized controlled trails met the requirement with a total of 2 033 patients of transurethral resection of prostate were included, of whom 1 015 were carried out with equal temperature bladder irrigation and 1 018 with room temperature bladder irrigation. The results of meta-analysis showed that incidence of bladder spasm [=0.51, 95% (0.45, 0.57), < 0.001], severity of bladder spasm [=-1.61, 95% (-2.00, -1.23), < 0.001], incidence of urinary blockage [=0.29, 95% (0.19, 0.44), < 0.001], dosage of bladder irrigation [=-6.75, 95% (-7.33, -6.17), < 0.001], time of bladder rinse [=-7.60, 95% (-11.91, -3.29), < 0.001], heart rate [=-13.68, 95% (-15.19, -12.17), < 0.001], systolic pressure [=-29.26, 95% (-31.92, -26.59), < 0.001], diastolic pressure [=-29.36, 95% (-31.75, -26.98), < 0.001], incidence of chills and discomfort [=0.37, 95% (0.31, 0.44), < 0.001] in equal temperature group of the patients with transurethral resection of prostate had significantly statistical difference compared with room temperature group.
CONCLUSION
Based on current available evidence, equal temperature bladder irrigation reduced the incidence of bladder spasm and urinary blockage, relieved bladder spasm, reduced dosage and time of bladder irrigation, and hardly affected normal vital signs and increased the patient' s comfort.
Topics: Male; Humans; Transurethral Resection of Prostate; Urinary Bladder; Chills; Temperature; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37534651
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.04.018 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Sep 2023CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein widely found in many cell types, and a soluble form is present in body fluids. There...
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein widely found in many cell types, and a soluble form is present in body fluids. There is longstanding evidence indicating a tumour-promoting or -suppressive role of DPP4 in different cancer types. However, studies focusing on the impacts of genetic variants of DPP4 on cancers are very rare. Herein, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DPP4 were associated with the risk or clinicopathologic development of prostate cancer (PCa). We genotyped four loci of DPP4 SNPs, including rs7608798 (A/G), rs3788979 (C/T), rs2268889 (T/C) and rs6741949 (G/C), using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in 704 PCa patients and 704 healthy controls. Our results showed that PCa patients with the DPP4 rs7608798 AG+GG genotype or rs2268889 TC+CC genotype had a higher risk of developing an advanced clinical primary tumour (cT) stage (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.680, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.062-2.659, p = 0.025; AOR: 1.693, 95% CI: 1.092-2.624, p = 0.018). Additionally, in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we observed that lower DPP4 expression levels were correlated with higher Gleason scores, advanced cT and pathological stages, tumour metastasis, and shorter progression-free survival rates in PCa patients. Furthermore, overexpression of DPP4 suppressed migration/invasion of metastatic PC3 PCa cells. Our findings suggest that DPP4 levels may affect the progression of PCa, and the DPP4 rs7608798 and rs2268889 SNPs are associated with the clinicopathologic development of PCa in a Taiwanese population.
Topics: Humans; Male; Case-Control Studies; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Genotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37533175
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17845 -
Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)The advent of high-throughput technologies has enabled the analysis of minute amounts of tumor-derived material purified from body fluids, termed "liquid biopsies."... (Review)
Review
The advent of high-throughput technologies has enabled the analysis of minute amounts of tumor-derived material purified from body fluids, termed "liquid biopsies." Prostate cancer (PCa) management, like in many other cancer types, has benefited from liquid biopsies at several stages of the disease. Although initially describing circulating tumor cells in blood, the term "liquid biopsy" has come to more prominently include cell-free, circulating tumor DNA, as well as RNA, proteins, and other molecules. They provide tumor molecular information representing the entire, often-heterogeneous disease, relatively noninvasively and longitudinally. Blood has been the main liquid biopsy specimen in PCa, and urine has also proven beneficial. Technological advances have allowed clinical implementation of some liquid biopsies in PCa, in disease monitoring and precision oncology. This narrative review introduces the main types of blood-based PCa liquid biopsies focusing on advances in the past 5 years. Clinical adoption of liquid biopsies to detect and monitor the evolving PCa tumor biology promises to deepen our understanding of the disease and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Male; Humans; Precision Medicine; Prostatic Neoplasms; Liquid Biopsy; Biopsy; RNA; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
PubMed: 37471612
DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000672 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A 1-year-old male intact Miniature Schnauzer mix was presented for chronic intermittent hematuria. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large, fluid-filled cystic...
A 1-year-old male intact Miniature Schnauzer mix was presented for chronic intermittent hematuria. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large, fluid-filled cystic structure extending cranially and dorsally to the prostate. Computed tomography scan images revealed that the fluid-filled cavity resembled a uterus, with both horns entering the scrotum through the inguinal canal adjacent to the testes. On cytogenetic analysis, the dog was found to have a homozygote mutation on consistent with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS). A gonadohysterectomy was performed, and surgical and histologic findings confirmed the presence of a uterus, oviducts, vagina, and testes in this dog. Additionally, an intraoperative fluoroscopy exam revealed a communication between the uterus and the bladder via an enlarged utricle, explaining the hematuria and urine in the reproductive tract (urometra). To our knowledge, this is the first clinical report of a phenotypically intact male dog with PMDS and urometra due to an enlarged prostatic utricle. This case illustrates a combination of a disorder of sex and urogenital sinus development.
PubMed: 37470070
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1185621