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Plant Direct Jul 2024Wheat ( L.) is an important source of both calories and protein in global diets, but there is a trade-off between grain yield and protein content. The timing of leaf...
Wheat ( L.) is an important source of both calories and protein in global diets, but there is a trade-off between grain yield and protein content. The timing of leaf senescence could mediate this trade-off as it is associated with both declines in photosynthesis and nitrogen remobilization from leaves to grain. NAC transcription factors play key roles in regulating senescence timing. In rice, expression is correlated with increased protein content and upregulated in senescing leaves, but the role of the wheat ortholog in senescence had not been characterized. We verified that is the ortholog of and that it is expressed in senescing flag leaves in wheat. To characterize , we combined missense mutations in and from a TILLING mutant population and overexpressed in wheat. Mutation in was associated with delayed onset of flag leaf senescence, while overexpression of was associated with slightly earlier onset of leaf senescence. DAP-seq was performed to locate transcription factor binding sites of . Analysis of DAP-seq and comparison with other studies identified putative downstream target genes of which could be associated with senescence. This work showed that is a positive transcriptional regulator of leaf senescence in wheat. Further research is needed to test the effect of on yield and protein content in field trials, to assess the potential to exploit this senescence regulator to develop high-yielding wheat while maintaining grain protein content.
PubMed: 38962173
DOI: 10.1002/pld3.620 -
Plant Direct Jul 2024Tea plant ( [.]) is one of the most important crops in China, and tea branch is an important agronomic trait that determines the yield of tea plant. In previous work...
Tea plant ( [.]) is one of the most important crops in China, and tea branch is an important agronomic trait that determines the yield of tea plant. In previous work focused on GWAS that detecting GWAS signals related to plant architecture through whole genome re-sequencing of ancient tea plants, a gene locus TEA 029928 significantly related to plant type was found. Sequence alignment results showed that this gene belonged to the F-box family. We named it . CsBRC-GFP fusion proteins were mainly localized in the plasma membrane. By comparing the phenotypes of transgenic tobacco and WT tobacco, it was found that the number of branches of transgenic tobacco was significantly higher than that of wild-type tobacco. Through RNA-seq analysis, it was found that affects the branching development of plants by regulating the expression of genes related to brassinosteroid synthesis pathway in plants. In addition, overexpression of in rice could increase tiller number, grain length and width, and 1,000-grain weight.
PubMed: 38962172
DOI: 10.1002/pld3.618 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2024Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), as a cytokine with immunomodulatory function, has...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), as a cytokine with immunomodulatory function, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on UC, but its mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, we constructed Pichia pastoris stably expressing IL-35 which enables the cytokines to reach the diseased mucosa, and explored whether upregulation of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) in macrophages is involved in the mechanisms of IL-35-mediated attenuation of UC. After the successful construction of engineered bacteria expressing IL-35, a colitis model was successfully induced by giving BALB/c mice a solution containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were treated with Pichia/IL-35, empty plasmid-transformed Pichia (Pichia/0), or PBS by gavage, respectively. The expression of TCPTP in macrophages (RAW264.7, BMDMs) and intestinal tissues after IL-35 treatment was detected. After administration of Pichia/IL-35, the mice showed significant improvement in weight loss, bloody stools, and shortened colon. Colon pathology also showed that the inflammatory condition of mice in the Pichia/IL-35 treatment group was alleviated. Notably, Pichia/IL-35 treatment not only increases local M2 macrophages but also decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the colon. With Pichia/IL-35 treatment, the proportion of M1 macrophages, Th17, and Th1 cells in mouse MLNs were markedly decreased, while Tregs were significantly increased. experiments, IL-35 significantly promoted the expression of TCPTP in macrophages stimulated with LPS. Similarly, the mice in the Pichia/IL-35 group also expressed more TCPTP than that of the untreated group and the Pichia/0 group.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Interleukins; Macrophages; RAW 264.7 Cells; Colitis; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Colitis, Ulcerative; Male; Up-Regulation; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 38962170
DOI: 10.1155/2024/3282679 -
International Journal of Genomics 2024R-spondin 1 (RSPO1), which encodes a secretory-activating protein, is a promising therapeutic target for various tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a robust...
R-spondin 1 (RSPO1), which encodes a secretory-activating protein, is a promising therapeutic target for various tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a robust RSPO1-related signature specific to esophageal cancer (ESCA). Our comprehensive study involved meticulous analysis of RSPO1 expression in ESCA tissues and validation across ESCA cell lines and clinical samples using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GTEx databases. Using TCGA-ESCA dataset, we employed single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to elucidate the complex interaction between RSPO1 expression and the abundance of 22 specific immune cell types infiltrating ESCA. The biological significance of RSPO1 was further elucidated using KEGG, GO, and GSEA, demonstrating its relevance to pivotal tumor and immune pathways. This study culminated in the construction of prognostic nomograms enriched by calibration curves, facilitating the projection of individual survival probabilities at intervals of one, three, and five years. A substantial decrease in RSPO1 expression was observed within ESCA tissues and cell lines compared to their normal esophageal counterparts, and a significant decrease in the proportion of activated dendritic cells was evident within ESCA, accompanied by an augmented presence of macrophages and naive B cells relative to normal tissue. GSEA and KEGG analyses showed that RSPO1 was associated with tumor and immune pathways. Additionally, an independent prognostic risk score based on the RSPO1-related gene signature was developed and validated for patients with ESCA. Finally, RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to confirm RSPO1 expression in normal and ESCA cell lines and tissue samples. In summary, our investigation underscores the pivotal role of RSPO1 in orchestrating tumor immunity and proposes RSPO1 as a prospective target for immunotherapeutic interventions in ESCA. Furthermore, the intricate profile of the two RSPO1-related genes has emerged as a promising predictive biomarker with notable potential for application in ESCA.
PubMed: 38962149
DOI: 10.1155/2024/7974277 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Colibacillosis caused by Avian pathogenic (APEC), including peritonitis, respiratory tract inflammation and ovaritis, is recognized as one of the most common and...
Colibacillosis caused by Avian pathogenic (APEC), including peritonitis, respiratory tract inflammation and ovaritis, is recognized as one of the most common and economically destructive bacterial diseases in poultry worldwide. In this study, the characteristics and inhibitory potential of phages were investigated by double-layer plate method, transmission electron microscopy, whole genome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and animal experiments. The results showed that phages C-3 and G21-7 isolated from sewage around goose farms infected multiple O serogroups (O1, O2, O18, O78, O157, O26, O145, O178, O103 and O104) () with a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 and 1, respectively. According to the one-step growth curve, the incubation time of both bacteriophage C-3 and G21-7 was 10 min. Sensitivity tests confirmed that C-3 and G21-6 are stable at 4 to 50 °C and pH in the range of 4 to 11. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, phages C-3 and G21-7 belong to phage species of the genus of family. According to genomic analysis, phage C-3 and G21-7 were 58,097 bp and 57,339 bp in size, respectively, with G+C content of 39.91% and 39.99%, encoding proteins of 97 CDS (105 to 3,993 bp) and 96 CDS (105 to 3,993 bp), and both contained 2 tRNAs. Both phages contained two tail proteins and holin-endolysin system coding genes, and neither carried resistance genes nor virulence factors. Phage mixture has a good safety profile and has shown good survival probability and feed efficiency in both treatment and prophylaxis experiments with one-day-old goslings. These results suggest that phage C-3 and G21-7 can be used as potential antimicrobials for the prevention and treatment of APEC.
PubMed: 38962142
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385860 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The process of carbohydrate metabolism and genetic information transfer is an important part of the study on the effects of the external environment on microbial growth...
The process of carbohydrate metabolism and genetic information transfer is an important part of the study on the effects of the external environment on microbial growth and development. As one of the most significant environmental parameters, pH has an important effect on mycelial growth. In this study, the effects of environmental pH on the growth and nutrient composition of () filaments were determined. The pH values of the medium were 5, 7, and 9, respectively, and the molecular mechanism was further investigated by transcriptomics and metabolomics methods. The results showed that pH 5 and 9 significantly inhibited filament growth and polysaccharide accumulation of . Further, the mycelium biomass of and the crude polysaccharide content was higher when the medium's pH was 7. The DEGs related to ribosome biogenesis were the most abundant, and the downregulated expression of genes encoding XRN1, RRM, and RIO1 affected protein translation, modification, and carbohydrate metabolism in fungi. The dynamic changes of pargyline and choline were in response to the oxidative metabolism of SICU-33. The ribophorin_I enzymes and DL-lactate may be important substances related to pH changes during carbohydrate metabolism of SICU-33. The results of this study provide useful transcriptomic and metabolomic information for further analyzing the bioinformatic characteristics of and improving the application in ecological agricultural fermentation.
PubMed: 38962137
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389268 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024is one of the most consumed mushroom species, as it serves as a high-quality food, favors a rich secondary metabolism, and has remarkable adaptability to the...
is one of the most consumed mushroom species, as it serves as a high-quality food, favors a rich secondary metabolism, and has remarkable adaptability to the environment and predators. In this study, we investigated the function of two key reactive oxygen species producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (PoNoxA and PoNoxB) in hyphae growth, metabolite production, signaling pathway activation, and immune responses to different stresses. Characterization of the Nox mutants showed that PoNoxB played an important role in the hyphal formation of the multicellular structure, while PoNoxA regulated apical dominance. The ability of to tolerate a series of abiotic stress conditions (e.g., osmotic, oxidative, membrane, and cell-wall stresses) and mechanical damage repair was enhanced with PoNoxA over-expression. PoNoxB had a greater responsibility in regulating the polysaccharide composition of the cell wall and methyl jasmonate and gibberellin GA1 biosynthesis, and improved mushroom resistance against . Moreover, mutants were involved in the jasmonate and GA signaling pathway, and toxic protein defense metabolite production. Our findings shed light on how the oyster mushroom senses stress signals and responds to adverse environments by the complex regulators of Noxs.
PubMed: 38962136
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387643 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Heat stroke (HS) is a critical condition with extremely high mortality. Heat acclimation (HA) is widely recognized as the best measure to prevent and protect against HS....
Heat acclimation with probiotics-based ORS supplementation alleviates heat stroke-induced multiple organ dysfunction via improving intestinal thermotolerance and modulating gut microbiota in rats.
Heat stroke (HS) is a critical condition with extremely high mortality. Heat acclimation (HA) is widely recognized as the best measure to prevent and protect against HS. Preventive administration of oral rehydration salts III (ORSIII) and probiotics have been reported to sustain intestinal function in cases of HS. This study established a rat model of HA that was treated with probiotics-based ORS (ORSP) during consecutive 21-day HA training. The results showed that HA with ORSP could attenuate HS-induced hyperthermia by regulating thermoregulatory response. We also found that HA with ORSP could significantly alleviate HS-induced multiple organ injuries. The expression levels of a series of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, and HSP40, were significantly up-regulated from the HA training. The increases in intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and D-Lactate typically seen during HS were decreased through HA. The representative TJ proteins including ZO-1, E-cadherin, and JAM-1 were found to be significantly down-regulated by HS, but sustained following HA. The ultrastructure of TJ was examined by TEM, which confirmed its protective effect on the intestinal barrier protection following HA. We also demonstrated that HA raised the intestinal levels of beneficial bacteria and lowered those of the harmful bacteria through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These findings suggest that HA with ORSP was proven to improve intestinal thermotolerance and the levels of protective gut microbiota against HS.
PubMed: 38962135
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385333 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024With worldwide cultivation, the faba bean ( L.) stands as one of the most vital cool-season legume crops, serving as a major component of food security. China leads...
With worldwide cultivation, the faba bean ( L.) stands as one of the most vital cool-season legume crops, serving as a major component of food security. China leads global faba bean production in terms of both total planting area and yield, with major production hubs in Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Gansu provinces. The faba bean viruses have caused serious yield losses in these production areas, but previous researches have not comprehensively investigated this issue. In this study, we collected 287 faba bean samples over three consecutive years from eight provinces/municipalities of China. We employed small RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to detect the presence of viruses and examine their incidence, distribution, and genetic diversity. We identified a total of nine distinct viruses: bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, ), milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV, ), vicia cryptic virus (VCV, ), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV, ), beet western yellows virus (BWYV, ), broad bean wilt virus (BBWV, ), soybean mosaic virus (SMV, ), pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV, ), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, ). BYMV was the predominant virus found during our sampling, followed by MDV and VCV. This study marks the first reported detection of BCMV in Chinese faba bean fields. Except for several isolates from Gansu and Yunnan provinces, our sequence analysis revealed that the majority of BYMV isolates contain highly conserved nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP). Amino acid sequence alignment indicates that there is a conserved NAG motif at the N-terminal region of BYMV CP, which is considered important for aphid transmission. Our findings not only highlight the presence and diversity of pathogenic viruses in Chinese faba bean production, but also provide target pathogens for future antiviral resource screening and a basis for antiviral breeding.
PubMed: 38962134
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1424699 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Alphaherpesviruses, categorized as viruses with linear DNA composed of two complementary strands, can potentially to induce diseases in both humans and animals as... (Review)
Review
Alphaherpesviruses, categorized as viruses with linear DNA composed of two complementary strands, can potentially to induce diseases in both humans and animals as pathogens. Mature viral particles comprise of a core, capsid, tegument, and envelope. While herpesvirus infection can elicit robust immune and inflammatory reactions in the host, its persistence stems from its prolonged interaction with the host, fostering a diverse array of immunoescape mechanisms. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in comprehending the immunoescape tactics employed by alphaherpesviruses, including pseudorabies virus (PRV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), feline herpesvirus (FeHV), equine herpesvirus (EHV), and caprine herpesvirus type I (CpHV-1). Researchers have unveiled the intricate adaptive mechanisms existing between viruses and their natural hosts. This review endeavors to illuminate the research advancements concerning the immunoescape mechanisms of alphaherpesviruses by delineating the pertinent proteins and genes involved in virus immunity. It aims to furnish valuable insights for further research on related mechanisms and vaccine development, ultimately contributing to virus control and containment efforts.
PubMed: 38962133
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392814