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BMC Infectious Diseases Sep 2023With the absence of new antimicrobial drugs being developed to replace those facing resistance, bacterial resistance continues to grow. Despite previous studies...
BACKGROUND
With the absence of new antimicrobial drugs being developed to replace those facing resistance, bacterial resistance continues to grow. Despite previous studies conducted in various countries, there is a lack of comprehensive local reporting on the occurrence of carbapenem resistance among gram-negative bacteria.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to identify the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial isolates.
METHOD
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at an academic hospital in Jordan over an eight-month period, spanning from November 2021 to June 2022. The study involved screening electronic medical records to identify patients with clinical cultures showing the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility results of the Gram-negative isolates were recorded.
RESULTS
A total of 1,043 isolated Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed for carbapenem susceptibility. Among the species tested, the most common carbapenem-resistant bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii (153/164, 93.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (184/311, 59.2%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (67/160, 41.9%). The least commonly isolated species resistant to carbapenem were Escherichia coli (25/361, 6.9%) and Proteus mirabilis (1/30, 3.3%). None of Serratia marcescens or Proteus vulgaris isolates were resistant to carbapenem (0%). Overall, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistance gram-negative isolates was 41.2% (430 out of 1,043).
CONCLUSION
This study provides population-specific data that are crucial for guiding empirical antimicrobial treatment decisions not only within the participating hospital but also in other nearby healthcare facilities. The results underscore the urgent need for coordinated efforts to address antibiotic resistance in Jordan. Comprehensive measures such as strict infection control methods, annual nationwide surveillance programs, and effective antimicrobial stewardship programs at the national level are imperative to reduce the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Topics: Humans; Jordan; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Hospitals, Teaching; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 37759305
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08610-4 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023According to WHO, antibiotic resistance is increasing to hazardous levels worldwide. Candidiasis often occurs after taking antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic resistance...
INTRODUCTION
According to WHO, antibiotic resistance is increasing to hazardous levels worldwide. Candidiasis often occurs after taking antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic resistance is a global problem and searching for antibacterial agents is necessary.
AIM
To determine the antimicrobial activity of bacterial lysate of DV separately and with plant extracts against bacterial and yeast test cultures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Antimicrobial activity of Del-Immune V (cell wall and DNA fragments from a DV) separately and with cinnamon, beetroot, and blackcurrant extracts was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Twofold serial dilutions determined the MIC in previously prepared meat-peptone broth (MPB) for bacteria and liquid wort for yeast. In the study, gram-negative ( IEM-1, PА-12, sp. MI-2, 13/2) and gram-positive ( BТ-2, BМС-1) bacteria, as well as yeast ( D-6, PE-2, BVS-65) were used as test cultures.
RESULTS
The MIC for the studied bacterial test cultures after application of DV bacterial lysates was from 1.0 ± 0.05 mg/mL to 12.5 ± 0.63 mg/mL, which was significantly less than that of the thermally inactivated control (MIC from 125.0 ± 6.25 mg/mL to 250.0 ± 12.5 mg/mL). BT-2 culture was the least sensitive to the action of the bacterial lysate (MIC-12.5 ± 0.63 mg/mL). It showed the best antibacterial and antifungal effect bacterial lysate with the phytonutrient blackcurrant.
CONCLUSIONS
It was demonstrated that bacterial lysate of lactic acid bacteria DV exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties during direct contact with pathogenic agents.
Topics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Antifungal Agents; Dietary Supplements; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida tropicalis
PubMed: 37692171
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1211952 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2023This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of 03 medicinal plants, , and from Cholistan desert, Pakistan. The active constituents of...
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of 03 medicinal plants, , and from Cholistan desert, Pakistan. The active constituents of plants species were extracted in 05 different solvents and the extracts were tested against various bacterial strains and brine shrimps. Although all 's extracts except chloroform were active against the most active was the acetone extract (21 ± 0.00 mm at 200 μg/disc) and activity was better than Caricef (p-value 0.03). While its water extract was more potent (18 ± 1.45 mm at 200 μg/disc) than Augmentin and Caricef (p-value < 0.005). The methanol extract's activity (15 ± 0.39 mm in 200 μg/disc) was comparable to Fucidin against (p-value > 0.99) and activity of diethyl ether extract against (10 ± 1.16 mm in 200 μg/disc) was same as of Urixin (p-value 0.91)'s acetone extract against (10 ± 0.15 mm in 1 μg/disc) was more active than Augmentin Caricef and Cefotax (p-value < 0.02) and against (15 ± 1.15 mm in 200 μg/disc) activity was higher than Caricef (p-value 0.03). All 's extracts except water extract were found active against However, the diethyl ether extract was most effective (25 + 0.00 mm at 150 μg /disc) and activity was more than Augmentin, Oxy-tetracycline, Fucidin, Urixin, Ceftriaxone (p-value < 0.05). Although all extracts were exhibited cytotoxic activity, the 's acetone extract (100%), 's diethyl ether extract (90%) and 's methanol extract (100%) were most active at 1000 μg/ml concentration. This study validated the medicinal significance of the studied plants and thus opens the way for their therapeutic applications.
PubMed: 37583872
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103750 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Jun 2023In this work, the effect of probiotics on the state of the microbial background of the livestock building, on the state of udder teats, and on the prevalence of latent...
OBJECTIVE
In this work, the effect of probiotics on the state of the microbial background of the livestock building, on the state of udder teats, and on the prevalence of latent mastitis was investigated. Long-term use of the consortium has bactericidal activity against all cultures studied, especially the causative agent of mastitis, , except , , and .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The washes from animal housings and milk samples were collected from the dairy farms "Astana-Onim" Joint Stock Company and "Rodina" Limited Liability Partnership (Kazakhstan). The cleaning solutions and probiotic agents were applied directly to the udder teats of cows before and after milking. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was performed using the Kenotest rapid mastitis test. Directly counting the number of somatic cells in the collected milk samples from each cow was performed on a somatic cell counter.
RESULTS
Pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria (50% of samples) and bacteria of the group, , and (36% of samples), were detected on the udder skin and milk wipes. Using a consortium of probiotic microorganisms positively affects the mammary gland more quickly than using mastitis prevention agents alone. Probiotic use for a month resulted in a significant improvement in udder teat condition, with 60.7% of teats showing normal physiological reaction to milking, a decrease in complicated hyperkeratosis, and an increase in uncomplicated mastitis. The studies showed that in the experimental group, there was a 1.5-fold reduction in the number of cows with clinically pronounced mastitis. The experimental group showed no significant changes in the number of animals with high somatic cell levels before and after the study, while the control group without probiotics had a significant increase in diseased animals after 1 month.
CONCLUSION
The use of a probiotic consortium has shown promising results in reducing the incidence of mastitis and improving milk quality in cows.
PubMed: 37534073
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j668 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023The aim of the study was to search for, isolate and characterize new bacteriolytic enzymes that show promising potential for their use in medicine, agriculture and...
The aim of the study was to search for, isolate and characterize new bacteriolytic enzymes that show promising potential for their use in medicine, agriculture and veterinary. Using a transcriptomic analysis, we annotated in VKM B-2533 the genes of known bacteriolytic and antifungal enzymes, as well as of antibiotics, whose expression levels increased when cultivated on media conducive to the production of antimicrobial agents. The genes of the secreted putative bacteriolytic proteases were also annotated. Two new bacteriolytic proteases, Serp and Serp3, were isolated and characterized. The maximum bacteriolytic activities of Serp and Serp3 were exhibited at low ionic strength of 10 mM Tris-HCl, and high temperatures of, respectively, 80 °C and 70 °C. The pH optimum for Serp was 8.0; for Serp3, it was slightly acidic, at 6.0. Both enzymes hydrolyzed autoclaved cells of Ac-2230, H-19, and 209P. Serp also digested cells of 217. Both enzymes hydrolyzed casein and azofibrin. The newly discovered enzymes are promising for developing proteolytic antimicrobial drugs on their basis.
Topics: Peptide Hydrolases; Transcriptome; Endopeptidases; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 37511410
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411652 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023The seafood industry plays a huge role in the blue economy, exploiting the advantage of the enriched protein content of marine organisms such as shrimps and molluscs,...
The seafood industry plays a huge role in the blue economy, exploiting the advantage of the enriched protein content of marine organisms such as shrimps and molluscs, which are cultured in aquafarms. Diseases greatly affect these aquatic organisms in culture and, hence, there is need to study, in detail, their innate immune mechanisms. Hemocyanin is a non-specific innate defense molecule present in the blood cells of several invertebrates, especially molluscs, arthropods, and annelids. It is concerned with oxygen transport, blood clotting, and immune enhancement. In the present study, this macromolecular metalloprotein was isolated from the hemolymph of the marine snail (Born, 1778) using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column chromatography. It occurred as a single band (MW 80 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the purified hemocyanin showed a single peak with a retention time of 4.3 min. The secondary structure and stability of the protein were detected using circular dichroism (CD), and the spectra demonstrated negative ellipticity bands close to 208 nm and 225 nm, indicating β-sheets. Further exploration of the purified hemocyanin revealed remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive ( and ) and Gram-negative bacteria ( and ) at a concentration of 1-5 μg/mL. Spectrophotometric and in situ microscopic analyses (CLSM) unveiled the potential of the purified hemocyanin to inhibit biofilm formation in these bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL. Furthermore, hemocyanin (10 μg/mL concentration) displayed antifungal activity against . The purified hemocyanin was also assessed for cytotoxicity against human cancer cells using cell viability assays. Altogether, the present study shows that molluscan hemocyanin is a potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antifungal, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agent, with great scope for application in the enhancement of the immune system of molluscs, thereby facilitating their aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hemocyanins; Antifungal Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Biofilms; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37511256
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411494 -
Biomedicines Jul 2023Despite the risk of developing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), catheter reuse is common among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study...
Despite the risk of developing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), catheter reuse is common among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study examined the microbiological burden and catheter surface changes associated with short-term reuse. Ten individuals with chronic SCI reused their catheters over 3 days. Urine and catheter swab cultures were collected daily for analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were used to assess catheter surface changes. Catheter swab cultures showed no growth after 48 h (47.8%), skin flora (28.9%), mixed flora (17.8%), or bacterial growth (5.5%). Asymptomatic bacteriuria was found for most participants at baseline (n = 9) and all at follow-up (n = 10). Urine samples contained (58%), (30%), (26%), (10%), (6%) or (2%). Most urine cultures showed resistance to one or more antibiotics (62%). SEM images demonstrated structural damage, biofilm and/or bacteria on all reused catheter surfaces. XPS analyses also confirmed the deposition of bacterial biofilm on reused catheters. Catheter surface changes and the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria were evident following short-term reuse, which may increase susceptibility to CAUTI in individuals with SCI despite asymptomatic bacteriuria.
PubMed: 37509568
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071929 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023The overuse and misuse of antibiotics can pose the risk of spreading mutant strains that show antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with negative impacts on the management of...
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics can pose the risk of spreading mutant strains that show antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with negative impacts on the management of bacterial infections and economic implications for healthcare systems. The research and development of natural antibacterial agents could be a priority in the next years to improve a number of effective antibacterial molecules and to reduce the AMR phenomenon and its development. The present study identified the most effective concentration and contact time of L. essential oil (TEO) to obtain bactericidal effects in vitro against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Six clinically isolated (wild types) bacterial strains, (, and ) and two ATCCs ( and ) were tested after 1 min, 3 min and 5 min of contact with TEO. The preliminary results on after 24 h of incubation revealed a TEO concentration of 9.28 mg/mL (/) that completely inhibited bacteria growth, keeping cell viability. The total suppression of bacterial growth at all tested contact times was observed for all tested bacterial strains, and the results were confirmed after 48 h of incubation. Bacterial growth suppression was confirmed even with the presence of organic components. These preliminary results showed the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of TEO against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Future studies are necessary to confirm the reproducibility of these results even on other strains and to define the exact molecular mechanisms of EOs in order to consider TEO as a valid alternative to classic antibiotic therapies and subsequently to reduce the occurrence of AMR.
PubMed: 37508225
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071129 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2023The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for...
The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for snake charming. This unique epidemiological context has never been studied considering the interactions of humans, reptiles, and zoonotic pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the parasites and pathogens present in blood and feces associated with handled reptiles in the markets of Marrakech to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission within the reptile-human interface. Privately owned reptiles (n = 118), coming from vendors or snake charmers, were examined and blood and feces sampled. DNA was extracted and molecular screening (cPCR, nPCR, qPCR, dqPCR) was performed aiming to identify potentially zoonotic pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia/Theileria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp., Cestoda). Overall, 28.9% (34/118) of reptiles were positive for at least one pathogen. In blood, Anaplasma spp. were detected in four snakes, with two Montpellier snakes positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, while Rickettsia spp. were detected in one Mediterranean chameleon and four puff adders. Leishmania tarentolae was molecularly detected in a Mediterranean chameleon and a Montpellier snake. In feces, the cox1 gene generated a myriad of sequences for nematodes, cestodes, fungi and bacteria. Importantly, Proteus vulgaris was identified from a Mediterranean chameleon. Cryptosporidium spp. nPCR yielded a positive sample (i.e., Cryptosporidium sp. apodemus genotype I) from a Moroccan worm lizard, as well as for bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Egyptian cobra, and Morganella morganii from a puff adder. Results from this study demonstrated the risk of zoonotic transmission of microorganisms and parasites present in blood and feces from reptiles that are brought to the souks in Marrakech, Morocco, to be sold for medicinal purposes or used for snake charming, being in direct and straight contact with humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cryptosporidiosis; Morocco; Cryptosporidium; Rickettsia; Parasites; Anaplasma; Snakes; Reptiles
PubMed: 37467211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011431 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2023Otitis externa and otitis media are two types of ear infections that affect people of all ages, although they are more common in newborns and young children. Antibiotic...
BACKGROUND
Otitis externa and otitis media are two types of ear infections that affect people of all ages, although they are more common in newborns and young children. Antibiotic usage, healthcare, and advanced age all play a role in the development of this illness.
METHODS
Fifty-eight patients with various kinds of infections of the ears were voluntary patients attending the outpatient clinics of the Prince Mutaib Bin Abdulaziz Hospital in Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia, examined to evaluate the role of bacteria and the likely significance of plasmids in their antibiotic resistance as ear infectious agents.
RESULTS
and are the most prevalent bacteria found in ear infections. The greatest number of major bacterial isolates were (54%), followed by (13%), whereas a smaller number of isolates (3%) were from , and , respectively. Mixed growth was noted in 3.4% of instances. The isolation rate for Gram-positive organisms was 72%, while the rate for Gram-negative species was 28%. All the isolates had DNA greater than 14 kilobases. analysis of the plasmid DNA extracted from the resistant strains of ear infection demonstrated that antibiotic-resistance plasmids were extensively dispersed. Exotoxin A PCR amplification indicated 396 pb PCR-positive DNA for all identified samples, with the exception of three strains for which no band was observed. Patients in the epidemiological study ranged in number, but all were linked together for the purposes of the study because of their shared epidemiological characteristics.
CONCLUSION
Vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, rifampin, and daptomycin are all antibiotics that have been shown to be effective against and . Microbiological pattern evaluation and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms providing empirical antibiotics are becoming increasingly crucial to minimize issues and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains.
PubMed: 37431447
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S418685