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Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2022Deshayes (Muricidae) is widely distributed in the Red Sea. Its abundance and the history of Muricidae in traditional medicine make it a tempting target for...
CONTEXT
Deshayes (Muricidae) is widely distributed in the Red Sea. Its abundance and the history of Muricidae in traditional medicine make it a tempting target for investigation.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the chemical profile and biological activities of tissue extracts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts from tissue were compared in their antioxidant by total antioxidant capacity, DPPH free radical scavenging, and total phenolic content. In addition, the antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties (at 250 µg/mL) of the extracts were tested against , , , , , and . The antioxidant extract with greatest activity was assessed for cytotoxicity (range 0.4-100 µg/mL) against 3 human cancer cell lines (UO-31, A549 and A431), and its chemical composition was investigated using GC-MS. Moreover, docking simulation was performed to predict its constituents' binding modes/scores to the active sites of thymidylate kinase.
RESULTS
The ethyl acetate extract (-EtOAc) showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (551.33 mg AAE/g dry weight), total phenolics (254.46 mg GAE/g dry weight), and DPPH scavenging (IC= 24.0 µg/mL). -EtOAc exhibited strong antibacterial (MIC: 3.9 µg/mL against ), antibiofilm (MIC: 7.81 µg/mL against ), and antifungal (MIC: 3.9 µg/mL against ) activities and considerable cytotoxicity against cancer cells (UO-31: IC= 19.96 ± 0.93, A549: IC= 25.04 ± 1.15 μg/mL). GC-MS identified multiple bioactive metabolites in -EtOAc extract belonging to miscellaneous chemical classes. Molecular docking studies revealed that the constituents of -EtOAc have antibacterial potential.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
extract has considerable antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Further studies are needed to isolate the active constituents of this snail for comprehensive drug discovery tests.
Topics: Acetates; Acetone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antioxidants; Ethanol; Free Radicals; Humans; Methanol; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Docking Simulation; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Staphylococcus aureus; Thailand; Tissue Extracts
PubMed: 36200747
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2123940 -
Food Science & Nutrition Sep 2022and were identified as specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) isolated from the refrigerated lightly-salted large yellow croaker (). In this work, the inhibitory effects...
and were identified as specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) isolated from the refrigerated lightly-salted large yellow croaker (). In this work, the inhibitory effects of pH, salinity, and tea polyphenols concentration on both strains were investigated. Modified Gompertz models were used to estimate the kinetic parameters (maximum specific growth rate) and (duration of lag phase) of the two strains under different conditions, demonstrating that their growth rates decreased with the decrease of pH as well as the increase of salinity and tea polyphenols concentration, and the growths of both strains stopped while the salinity and tea polyphenols concentration increased to 0.05 and 5%, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the combination of these three antibacterial factors. The results showed that the optimum inhibitory conditions were: tea polyphenols concentration 0.05%, salinity 3.46%, and pH 6.96 to inhibit the growth of . ; tea polyphenols concentration 0.05%, salinity 3.45%, and pH 6.94 to inhibit . . Validation experiments were performed and demonstrated that under these conditions, the growth of the two SSOs could be 100% inhibited. This research provided references for the inhibition of the SSOs of lightly-salted large yellow croaker and the extension of its shelf life.
PubMed: 36171782
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2905 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Alpinia galanga is widely cultivated for its essential oil (EO), which has been used in cosmetics and perfumes. Previous studies of A. galanga focussed mostly on the...
Alpinia galanga is widely cultivated for its essential oil (EO), which has been used in cosmetics and perfumes. Previous studies of A. galanga focussed mostly on the rhizome but seldom on the flower. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the chemical composition of A. galanga flower EO and firstly estimate its antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibitory, and anticancer activities. According to the results of the gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass selective detection (GC-FID/MS) analysis, the most abundant component of the EO was farnesene (64.3%), followed by farnesyl acetate (3.6%), aceteugenol (3.2%), eugenol (3.1%), E-nerolidol (2.9%), decyl acetate (2.4%), octyl acetate (2.0%), sesquirosefuran (1.9%), (E)-β-farnesene (1.7%), and germacrene D (1.5%). For the bioactivities, the EO exhibited moderate DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging effects with IC50 values of 138.62 ± 3.07 μg/mL and 40.48 ± 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EO showed strong-to-moderate antibacterial activities with various diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) (8.79−14.32 mm), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (3.13−6.25 mg/mL), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (6.25−12.50 mg/mL) values against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Interestingly, the EO possessed remarkable α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 0.16 ± 0.03 mg/mL), which was equivalent to that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.01 mg/mL) (p > 0.05). It showed moderate tyrosinase inhibition (IC50 = 0.62 ± 0.09 mg/mL) and weak inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50 = 2.49 ± 0.24 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (IC50 = 10.14 ± 0.59 mg/mL). Furthermore, the EO exhibited considerable selective cytotoxicity to K562 cells (IC50 = 41.55 ± 2.28 μg/mL) and lower cytotoxicity to non-cancerous L929 cells (IC50 = 120.54 ± 8.37 μg/mL), and it induced K562 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, A. galanga flower EO could be regarded as a bioactive natural product with great application potential in the pharmaceutical field.
PubMed: 36145290
DOI: 10.3390/ph15091069 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Salvianic acid A (SAA), as the main bioactive component of the traditional Chinese herb , has important application value in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In...
Salvianic acid A (SAA), as the main bioactive component of the traditional Chinese herb , has important application value in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, a two-step bioprocess for the preparation of SAA from l-DOPA was developed. In the first step, l-DOPA was transformed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DHPPA) using engineered cells expressing membrane-bound L-amino acid deaminase from After that, the unpurified DHPPA was directly converted into SAA by permeabilized recombinant cells co-expressing d-lactate dehydrogenase from and formate dehydrogenase from N10. Under optimized conditions, 48.3 mM of SAA could be prepared from 50 mM of l-DOPA, with a yield of 96.6%. Therefore, the bioprocess developed here was not only environmentally friendly, but also exhibited excellent production efficiency and, thus, is promising for industrial SAA production.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Escherichia coli; Formate Dehydrogenases; Levodopa; Phenylpyruvic Acids
PubMed: 36144828
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186088 -
Metabolites Aug 2022Oyster mushrooms form an integral part of many diets owing to their characteristic aroma, delicious taste and nutraceutical value. In this study, we examined oyster...
Oyster mushrooms form an integral part of many diets owing to their characteristic aroma, delicious taste and nutraceutical value. In this study, we examined oyster mushrooms by direct arc optical emission spectroscopy for the presence of various biologically important elements. Furthermore, we screened phytochemicals present in by applying GC-MS. Additionally, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities of the ethanolic extract of were studied. Moreover, we docked the phytochemicals and examined their binding affinities with EGFR, PR and NF-κB proteins, which are overexpressed in breast cancer. The elemental analysis showed the presence of Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cr and Sr in the spectrum. Moreover, GC-MS data revealed the presence of 32 biologically active compounds in oyster mushrooms. The ethanolic extract displayed remarkable free radical scavenging activity (~50%) against DPPH. The mushroom has shown promising antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive () and Gram-negative bacteria (, and ). The present study also revealed that oyster mushrooms possess significant anticancer activity. The ethanolic extract inhibited the growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells. It also induced cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and nuclear fragmentation, resulting in apoptosis of malignant cells. The molecular docking analysis showed that ligand 15 (Linoleic acid ethyl ester), ligand 27 (Ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3. beta.,22E), ligand 28 (Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate, (3. beta.,22Z), ligand 30 (Ergosta-5,7,22-Trien-3-Ol, (3. Beta.,22E) and ligand 32 (gamma. Sitosterol) exhibited better binding affinities with EGFR, PR and NF-κB proteins. This result provides a strong ground for confirmation of the in vitro anticancer effect of . From the present in vitro and in silico studies, it can be concluded that is a useful source of essential elements and reservoir of bioactive compounds which confer its significant antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties.
PubMed: 36144225
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090821 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Jan 2023Low-dose antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement is routinely used for preventing skeletal infection or reimplantation in patients with periprosthetic joint infections....
BACKGROUND
Low-dose antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement is routinely used for preventing skeletal infection or reimplantation in patients with periprosthetic joint infections. However, few reports about the selection of antibiotics in acrylic cement for antigram-negative bacteria have been proposed.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
(1) Does the addition of antibiotics (tobramycin, meropenem, piperacillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and aztreonam) to acrylic cement adversely affect compressive strength before and after elution? (2) Which antibiotics have the highest cumulative release within 28 days? (3) Which antibiotics showed antimicrobial activity within 28 days? (4) Does meropenem-loaded cement improve body weight, temperature, and other inflammatory markers compared with control unloaded cement?
METHODS
This is an in vitro study that assessed the mechanical strength, antibiotic elution, and antibacterial properties of antibiotic-loaded cement, combined with an animal study in a rat model that evaluated key endpoints from the animal study. In the in vitro study, we added 2 g of tobramycin (TOB), meropenem (MEM), piperacillin (PIP), ceftazidime (CAZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and aztreonam (ATM) to 40 g of acrylic cement. The compressive strength, elution, and in vitro antibacterial properties of the antibiotic-loaded cement were detected. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into two groups: CON (antibiotic-unloaded cement) and MEM (meropenem-loaded cement, which had the most stable antibacterial properties of the six tested antibiotic-loaded cements in vitro within 28 days). The right tibia of all rats underwent arthroplasty and was implanted with the cement, followed by inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the knee. General status, serum biomarkers, radiology, microbiological assay, and histopathological tests were assessed over 14 days postoperatively.
RESULTS
The compressive strength of all tested antibiotic cement combinations exceeded the 70 MPa threshold (the requirement established in ISO 5833). The cumulative release proportions of the raw antibiotic in cement were 1182.8 ± 37.9 µg (TOB), 355.6 ± 16.2 µg (MEM), 721.2 ± 40.3 µg (PIP), 477.4 ± 37.1 µg (CAZ), 146.5 ± 11.3 µg (CIP), and 372.1 ± 14.5 µg (ATM) within 28 days. Over a 28-day period, meropenem cement demonstrated antimicrobial activities against the four tested gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli , P. aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Proteus vulgaris ). Ciprofloxacin cement inhibited E. coli growth, ceftazidime and aztreonam cement inhibited K. pneumonia growth, and tobramycin cement inhibited P. aeruginosa . Only meropenem demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all gram-negative bacteria on agar diffusion bioassay. Rats treated with meropenem cement showed improved body weight (control: 280.1 ± 4.2 g, MEM: 288.5 ± 6.6 g, mean difference 8.4 [95% CI 4.3 to 12.6]; p < 0.001), improved knee width (control: 13.5 ± 0.3 mm, MEM: 11.8± 0.4 mm, mean difference 1.7 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.0]; p < 0.001), decreased inflammatory marker (control: 316.7 ± 45.0 mm, MEM: 116.5 ± 21.8 mm, mean difference 200.2 [95% CI 162.3 to 238.2]; p < 0.001), decreased radiographic scores (control: 17.7 ± 2.0 mm, MEM: 10.7± 1.3 mm, mean difference 7.0 [95% CI 5.4 to 8.6]; p < 0.001), improved bone volume/total volume (control: 8.7 ± 3.0 mm, MEM: 28.5 ± 5 .5 mm, mean difference 19.8 [95% CI 13.3 to 26.2]; p < 0.001), decreased Rissing scale scores of the knee gross pathology (control: 3.3 ± 0.5, MEM: 1.1 ± 0.7, mean difference 2.2 [95% CI 1.7 to 2.7]; p < 0.001), decreased Petty scale scores of knee synovium (control: 2.9 ± 0.4 mm, MEM: 0.7 ± 0.7 mm, mean difference 2.1 [95% CI 1.7 to 2.5]; p < 0.001), and decreased bacterial counts of the bone and soft tissues and negative bacterial cultures of cement (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
In this current study, MEM cement had the most stable in vitro antimicrobial activities, effective in vivo activity while having acceptable mechanical and elution characteristics, and it may be an effective prophylaxis against skeletal infection caused by gram-negative bacteria.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Meropenem-loaded acrylic cement is a potentially effective prevention measure for skeletal infection caused by gram-negative bacteria; however, more related clinical research is needed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy.
Topics: Male; Animals; Rats; Meropenem; Ceftazidime; Aztreonam; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Cements; Tobramycin; Piperacillin; Ciprofloxacin; Osteomyelitis; Models, Animal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36135966
DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000002364 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Mastitis is considered to be one of the most important diseases of dairy cows in terms of health, production, and economy. Being the most common cause of antibiotic...
Mastitis is considered to be one of the most important diseases of dairy cows in terms of health, production, and economy. Being the most common cause of antibiotic consumption in dairy cows, treatment of this disease is one of the biggest challenges in the veterinary profession as an increasing number of pathogens develop resistance to antibiotics used in the treatment. Therefore, new alternative approaches for limiting the use of antibiotics in livestock are required. For this reason, our study aimed to investigate prevalence of environmental mastitis associated bacterial strains, as well as the sensitivity of isolated strains to different antibiotics. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of three essential oils (EOs) was tested against bovine spp. and spp. mastitis pathogens, based on their chemical composition, as well as antibacterial potential. The study was carried out on 81 milk samples collected from dairy cows with mastitis. In order to determine prevalence of and , microbiological isolation and identification were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method and the microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of selected EOs. In the oregano EO, a total of 23 compounds were detected, with carvacrol as a dominant component (78.94%). A total of 26 components were present in the EO of common thyme, where thymol was the most abundant compound (46.37%). Thymol also dominated (55.11%) the wild thyme EO. All tested EOs displayed antibacterial activity against all strains to different extents, while wild and common thyme EOs were the most effective. It could be concluded that the tested EOs represent promising therapeutic candidates for effective non-antibiotic treatment of mastitis.
PubMed: 36009946
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081077 -
Metabolites Aug 2022Native South Africans make use of Sch. Bip. extracts for the treatment of a variety of infections and they are important in traditional medicinal preparations. This...
Native South Africans make use of Sch. Bip. extracts for the treatment of a variety of infections and they are important in traditional medicinal preparations. This study investigated the effect of seasonal variation and geographical location on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Material was collected in two different seasons: early spring, with high rainfall and high temperatures (October), and late autumn, with low rainfall and lower temperatures (May). Further analysis was carried out using H-NMR based metabolomics to analyse and compare the chemical profiles of the plants in both seasons and locations. Plant materials were collected from two sites for each season, at Wakefield farm (KwaZulu-Natal), representing a colder, wetter environment, and Telperion (Mpumalanga), representing a drier and warmer environment. Leaves of were tested against bacteria ( () and ()) as well as fungi ( (), (), (), () and ()). Extracts from the October harvest showed significant activities against the Gram-negative bacterium compared to the May harvest, with an MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL. Similar activity was observed between the extracts from the wet season across the two geographically different locations. There was generally very good antifungal activity observed for all the species, with the exception of , which had MIC values ranging from 0.39-1.56 µg/mL. Extracts of plant materials harvested in the wetter region had a significantly higher activity against and in both seasons than those from plants harvested in the drier region. Telperion-harvested plants exhibited better activity against in the autumn. Hydrogen-1 NMR metabolomic analysis confirmed the significant effects of the seasons and the peculiar climates of different localities on the secondary metabolite profile of
PubMed: 36005630
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080758 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Two new lactones, named Ardisicreolides A-B (-), together with four known flavonoids, Quercetin (), Myricetrin (), Quercitrin (), Tamarixetin 3-O-rhamnoside (), were...
Two new lactones, named Ardisicreolides A-B (-), together with four known flavonoids, Quercetin (), Myricetrin (), Quercitrin (), Tamarixetin 3-O-rhamnoside (), were isolated from the ethyl acetate portion of 70% ethanol extracts of dried leaves from Sims. These compounds were identified from Sims for the first time. The structures of - were elucidated according to 1D and 2D-NMR methods and together with the published literature. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro anti-microbial effect against , , , , , and . In addition, compounds - were assessed for anti-inflammatory activity by acting on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. The results showed that only compound exhibited moderate antibacterial activity on . Moreover, compounds and were found to significantly inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reduce the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The present data suggest that lactones from the leaves of Sims might be used as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ardisia; Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Glycosides; Lactones; Lipopolysaccharides; Phenols; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35956852
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154903 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Microbial consortia with high cellulase activities can speed up the composting of agricultural wastes with high cellulose contents and promote the beneficial utilization...
Microbial consortia with high cellulase activities can speed up the composting of agricultural wastes with high cellulose contents and promote the beneficial utilization of agricultural wastes. In this paper, rabbit feces and sesame oil cake were used as feedstocks for compost production. Cellulose-degrading microbial strains were isolated from compost samples taken at the different composting stages and screened Congo red staining and filter paper degradation test. Seven strains, , , , , , , and , with high activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paper cellulase (FPase), and β-glucosidase (β-Gase) were identified and selected for consortium design. Six microbial consortia were designed with these strains. Compared with the other five consortia, consortium VI composed of all seven strains displayed the highest cellulase activities, 141.89, 104.56, and 131.18 U/ml of CMCase, FPase, and β-Gase, respectively. The single factor approach and response surface method were employed to optimize CMCase production of consortium VI. The optimized conditions were: culture time 4.25 days, culture temperature 35.5°C, pH 6.6, and inoculum volume 5% (v/v). Under these optimized conditions, the CMCase activity of consortium VI was up to 170.83 U/ml. Fermentation experiment of rabbit feces was carried out by using the consortium VI cultured under the optimal conditions. It was found that the application effect was better than other treatments, and the fermentation efficiency and nutrient content of the pile were significantly improved. This study provides a basis for the design of microbial consortia for the composting of agricultural wastes with high cellulose contents and provides a support for beneficial utilization of agricultural wastes.
PubMed: 35910619
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957444