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International Journal of Particle... Jun 2024It is known that radiation to dentofacial structures during childhood can lead to developmental disturbances. However, this appears to be a relatively subordinated... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
It is known that radiation to dentofacial structures during childhood can lead to developmental disturbances. However, this appears to be a relatively subordinated research subject. For this reason, this review aims to establish the current evidence base on the effect of PBT on dentofacial development in paediatric patients treated for cancer in the head and neck region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify both published and unpublished studies or reports. A single reviewer completed initial screening of abstracts; 2 independent reviewers completed secondary screening and data extraction. A narrative synthesis was then conducted.
RESULTS
82 records were screened in total, resulting in 11 included articles. These articles varied in terms of study design and reporting quality. Owing to both poor study reporting and limited patient numbers, it is not possible to determine the effect of cancer diagnosis, chronological age at treatment, radiation dose or treatment modality on the incidence of facial deformation or dental development anomalies.
CONCLUSION
Disturbances in dentofacial development are an under-reported toxicity in paediatric cancer survivors treated with PBT to the head and neck. There is a need for more research on dentofacial toxicity reporting, focused on the impact of treatment age, radiation dose, concurrent therapies, and the subsequent impact on quality of life.
PubMed: 38952615
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpt.2024.100107 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jul 2024Numerous studies have confirmed the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in various physiological processes, including cellular death and tissue damage. Recently,...
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have confirmed the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in various physiological processes, including cellular death and tissue damage. Recently, we reported that EVs derived from ischemia-reperfusion heart exacerbate cardiac injury. However, the role of EVs from healthy heart tissue (heart-derived EVs, or cEVs) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unclear.
RESULTS
Here, we demonstrated that intramyocardial administration of cEVs significantly enhanced cardiac function and reduced cardiac damage in murine MI/R injury models. cEVs treatment effectively inhibited ferroptosis and maintained mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further results revealed that cEVs can transfer ATP5a1 into cardiomyocytes, thereby suppressing mitochondrial ROS production, alleviating mitochondrial damage, and inhibiting cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. Knockdown of ATP5a1 abolished the protective effects of cEVs. Furthermore, we found that the majority of cEVs are derived from cardiomyocytes, and ATP5a1 in cEVs primarily originates from cardiomyocytes of the healthy murine heart. Moreover, we demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC)-derived EVs with ATP5a1 overexpression showed much better efficacy on the therapy of MI/R injury compared to control ADSC-derived EVs.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings emphasized the protective role of cEVs in cardiac injury and highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting ATP5a1 as an important approach for managing myocardial damage induced by MI/R injury.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Vesicles; Mice; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocytes, Cardiac; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ferroptosis; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38951822
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02618-x -
Communications Biology Jun 2024Light is a significant factor for living organisms with photosystems, like microbial rhodopsin-a retinal protein that functions as an ion pump, channel, and sensory...
Light is a significant factor for living organisms with photosystems, like microbial rhodopsin-a retinal protein that functions as an ion pump, channel, and sensory transduction. Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421, has a proton-pumping rhodopsin gene, the Gloeobacter rhodopsin (GR). The helix-turn-helix family of transcriptional regulators has various motifs, and they regulate gene expression in the presence of various metal ions. Here, we report that active proton outward pumping rhodopsin interacted with the helix-turn-helix transcription regulator and regulated gene expression. This interaction is confirmed using ITC analysis (K of 8 μM) and determined the charged residues required. During in vitro experiments using fluorescent and luciferase reporter systems, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the self-regulation of G. violaceus transcriptional regulator (GvTcR) are regulated by light, and gene regulation is observed in G. violaceus using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results expand our understanding of the natural potential and limitations of microbial rhodopsin function.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Light; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Transcription Factors; Cyanobacteria; Proton Pumps; Bacterial Proteins; Rhodopsins, Microbial; Rhodopsin
PubMed: 38951607
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06471-4 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024To evaluate serum prolactin and macroprolactin levels in patients on long-term proton pump inhibitors therapy.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate serum prolactin and macroprolactin levels in patients on long-term proton pump inhibitors therapy.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to November 2019 after approval from the ethics review committee of the Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South University, Abbottabad, Pakistan. The study included patients from two gastroenterology outpatient clinics in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province using proton pump inhibitors for ≥3 months either alone or in combination with either histamine receptor antagonists or prokinetics. Blood samples were collected from each patient for hormonal screening. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
RESULTS
Of the 166 patients, 101(60.8%) were females and 65(39.2%) were males. The overall mean age was 42.5±14.2 years, and the median serum prolactin level was 23.2ng/ml (interquartile range: 14.0-38.0ng/ml). There were 96(58%) patients with normoprolactinaemia and 70(42%) with hypreprolactinaemia. There were 19(11.4%) patients using combination therapy, while the rest were on proton pump inhibitors monotherapy. There was a significant increase in serum prolactin level with combination therapy compared to monotherapy (p=0.001). Patients having treatment duration 11-20 months (p=0.006) and >40 months (p=0.001) were at high risk of developing hyperprolactinaemia.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors could increase serum prolactin levels, and appropriate evaluation is essential for clinical management.
Topics: Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Hyperprolactinemia; Prolactin; Adult; Middle Aged; Pakistan; Prevalence
PubMed: 38948973
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9541 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024To optimize a 100 msec pulse for producing CEST MRI contrast and evaluate in mice.
PURPOSE
To optimize a 100 msec pulse for producing CEST MRI contrast and evaluate in mice.
METHODS
A gradient ascent algorithm was employed to generate a family of 100 point, 100 msec pulses for use in CEST pulse trains ('PRECISE'). Gradient ascent optimizations were performed for exchange rates (k ) = 500 s , 1,500 s , 2,500 s , 3,500 s and 4,500 s and offsets (Δω) = 9.6, 7.8, 4.2 and 2.0 ppm. 7 PRECISE pulse shapes were tested on an 11.7 T scanner using a phantom containing three representative CEST agents with peak saturation B = 4 μT. The pulse producing the most contrast in phantoms was then evaluated for CEST MRI pH mapping of the kidneys in healthy mice after iopamidol administration.
RESULTS
The most promising pulse in terms of contrast performance across all three phantoms was the 9.6 ppm, 2500 s optimized pulse with ∼2.7 x improvement over Gaussian and ∼1.3x's over Fermi pulses. This pulse also displayed a large improvement in contrast over the Gaussian pulse after administration of iopamidol in live mice.
CONCLUSION
A new 100 msec pulse was developed based on gradient ascent optimizations which produced better contrast compared to standard Gaussian and Fermi pulses in phantoms. This shape also showed a substantial improvement for CEST MRI pH mapping in live mice over the Gaussian shape and appears promising for a wide range of CEST applications.
PubMed: 38948741
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.19.599565 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Gram-negative bacteria harness the proton motive force (PMF) within their inner membrane (IM) to uphold the integrity of their cell envelope, an indispensable aspect for...
UNLABELLED
Gram-negative bacteria harness the proton motive force (PMF) within their inner membrane (IM) to uphold the integrity of their cell envelope, an indispensable aspect for both division and survival. The IM TolQ-TolR complex is the essential part of the Tol-Pal system, serving as a conduit for PMF energy transfer to the outer membrane. Here we present cryo-EM reconstructions of TolQ in apo and TolR- bound forms at atomic resolution. The apo TolQ configuration manifests as a symmetric pentameric pore, featuring a trans-membrane funnel leading towards a cytoplasmic chamber. In contrast, the TolQ-TolR complex assumes a proton non-permeable stance, characterized by the TolQ pentamer's flexure to accommodate the TolR dimer, where two protomers undergo a translation-based relationship. Our structure-guided analysis and simulations support the rotor-stator mechanism of action, wherein the rotation of the TolQ pentamer harmonizes with the TolR protomers' interplay. These findings broaden our mechanistic comprehension of molecular stator units empowering critical functions within the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope.
TEASER
Apo TolQ and TolQ-TolR structures depict structural rearrangements required for cell envelope organization in bacterial cell division.
PubMed: 38948712
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.19.599759 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024Interfacial charge transfer reactions involving cations and electrons are fundamental to (photo/electro) catalysis, energy storage, and beyond. Lithium-coupled electron...
Interfacial charge transfer reactions involving cations and electrons are fundamental to (photo/electro) catalysis, energy storage, and beyond. Lithium-coupled electron transfer (LCET) at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a preeminent example to highlight the importance of charge transfer in modern-day society. The thermodynamics of LCET reactions define the minimal energy for charge/discharge of LIBs, and yet, these parameters are rarely available in the literature. Here, we demonstrate the successful incorporation of tungsten oxides (WO) within a chemically stable Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF), MOF-808. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the composite, WO@MOF-808, in Li-containing acetonitrile (MeCN)-based electrolytes showed an irreversible, cathodic Faradaic feature that shifted in a Nernstian fashion with respect to the Li concentration, i.e., ∼59 mV/log [(Li)]. The Nernstian dependence established 1:1 stoichiometry of Li and e. Using the standard redox potential of Li, the apparent free energy of lithiation of WO@MOF-808 (ΔG) was calculated to be -36 ± 1 kcal mol. ΔG is an parameter of WO@MOF-808, and thus by deriving the similar reaction free energies of other metal oxides, their direct comparisons can be achieved. Implications of the reported measurements will be further contrasted to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions on metal oxides.
PubMed: 38947957
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1427536 -
ACS Omega Jun 2024In this study, S-deficient MoS was prepared using proton irradiation and then applied as sensing materials for the detection of NO gas. First, bulk MoS was treated by...
In this study, S-deficient MoS was prepared using proton irradiation and then applied as sensing materials for the detection of NO gas. First, bulk MoS was treated by ultrasonics to produce 2D nanosheets of MoS, which were subsequently bombarded by a flux of high-energy protons, resulting in the appearance of structural defects throughout MoS. The proton fluxes were adjusted to different densities of 1 × 10, 1 × 10, 1 × 10, and 1 × 10 ions/cm. The effects of proton irradiation on the defects, also referred to as atomic vacancies, were systematically investigated using Raman measurements to locate the E and A modes and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the binding energy of Mo 3d and S 2p orbitals. It was revealed that the density of proton irradiation greatly affects the degree of S atom vacancies in irradiated MoS, while also enhancing the n-type semiconducting behaviors of MoS. The vacancy-rich MoS was then demonstrated to exhibit a higher response to NO gas compared to that of nonirradiated MoS, showing a 4-fold increase in response within a concentration range from 1 to 20 ppm. These results could pave the way for new approaches to fabricating sensing materials.
PubMed: 38947855
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00379 -
ACS Central Science Jun 2024Electron transport chains (ETCs) are ubiquitous in nearly all living systems. Replicating the complexity and control inherent in these multicomponent systems using...
Electron transport chains (ETCs) are ubiquitous in nearly all living systems. Replicating the complexity and control inherent in these multicomponent systems using ensembles of small molecules opens up promising avenues for molecular therapeutics, catalyst design, and the development of innovative energy conversion and storage systems. Here, we present a noncovalent, multistep artificial electron transport chains comprising cyclo[8]pyrrole (), a -aryl hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) (naphthorosarin ), and the small molecules I and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Specifically, we show that 1) electron transfer occurs from to give I upon the addition of I, 2) proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from to give and upon the addition of TFA to a dichloromethane mixture of and , and 3) that further, stepwise treatment of and with I and TFA promotes electron transport from to give first I and then and . The present findings are substantiated through UV-vis-NIR, H NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses, cyclic voltammetry studies, and DFT calculations. Single-crystal structure analyses were used to characterize compounds in varying redox states.
PubMed: 38947209
DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00165 -
ACS Central Science Jun 2024
PubMed: 38947201
DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00459