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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022is an intracellular bacterium belonging to the family. It is the ethiologic agent of psittacosis, an occupational zoonotic disease that mainly concerns people who work...
is an intracellular bacterium belonging to the family. It is the ethiologic agent of psittacosis, an occupational zoonotic disease that mainly concerns people who work in close contact with birds that represent the main infection route for human transmission. In Italy, information about this disease is lacking. This study is the first case of avian chlamydiosis reported from a pet shop in Sardinia, Italy. detected in psittacine birds by molecular analysis, direct immunofluorescence test together with anatomo-pathological observed lesions, highlighted the importance of focusing the attention over this underestimated zoonosis in a "One Health" prospective.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Psittacosis; Chlamydophila psittaci; Prospective Studies; Bird Diseases; Psittaciformes; Birds; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36361084
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114204 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2023In recent years, new Chlamydia species, other than Chlamydia psittaci, have been confirmed in birds. One of these new species, Chlamydia avium, was reported mainly in...
In recent years, new Chlamydia species, other than Chlamydia psittaci, have been confirmed in birds. One of these new species, Chlamydia avium, was reported mainly in pigeons and parrots in Europe. Analyzing multimucosal swabs obtained from 7 Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) from illegal trade and admitted to the Reserva Experimental Horco Molle (Tucuman, Argentina) for their rehabilitation, we describe the finding of the genetic material of C. avium in 2 of these birds. There were no signs compatible with the chlamydiosis-like disease in the studied birds or in the rehabilitation center staff. The use of sensitive and wide-ranging molecular tools is necessary for the detection of all Chlamydiaceae present in birds and would aid in the selection of control measures in wildlife rehabilitation centers to prevent outbreaks in the facilities and the introduction of pathogens in nature. We provide the first molecular evidence of the presence of C. avium in Argentina and a new species of psittacine host.
Topics: Animals; Amazona; Argentina; Bird Diseases; Chlamydia; Psittacosis; Parrots
PubMed: 36342659
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00864-5 -
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Oct 2022It was generally believed that psittacosis pneumonia (pneumonia caused by ) was rarely combined with pleural effusion and the characteristics of pleural effusion were... (Review)
Review
It was generally believed that psittacosis pneumonia (pneumonia caused by ) was rarely combined with pleural effusion and the characteristics of pleural effusion were rarely reported in the domestic literature.Herein,we reported three cases of pleural effusion due to psittacosis pneumonia,with elevated level of adenosine deaminase and lymphocyte-predominant exudative pleural effusion.Further,we reviewed the psittacosis pneumonia reports with complete clinical and lung imaging data.The imaging manifestations included pulmonary consolidation and common occurrence of a small amount of pleural effusion.The patients of psittacosis pneumonia combined with pleural effusion had severe symptoms,obvious hypoxia,and increased risk of invasive ventilation.
Topics: Humans; Psittacosis; Chlamydophila psittaci; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 36325793
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.14760 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2022Between November 2021 and January 2022, four patients of community-acquired pneumonia were admitted to the hospitals in Lishui city, Zhejiang province, China. Their main...
Between November 2021 and January 2022, four patients of community-acquired pneumonia were admitted to the hospitals in Lishui city, Zhejiang province, China. Their main clinical manifestations were fever and dry cough as well as radiographic infiltrate, but the empiric antimicrobial therapy or traditional Chinese medicine was not effective for their illness. Clinical specimens from the patients as well as environmental and poultry specimens were collected for the determination of the causative pathogen. The gene and seven housekeeping genes of were successfully amplified from all the patients, and the sequences of each gene were identical to one another, suggesting that they were infected by the same strain of . A novel strain of (LS strain) was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patient 2 and its whole genome was obtained. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole-genome sequences showed that the isolate is most closely related to the strain (WS/RT/E30) identified as genotype E/B. In addition, The gene and four housekeeping genes of were also amplified from two of four faeces samples of geese at the home of patient 2, and the sequences from geese were 100% identical to those from the patients. Accordingly, these cases could be attributed to a circulating strain of genotype E/B in the local geese. Therefore, there is an urgent need to strengthen the regional surveillance on among poultry and humans for prevention and control of the outbreak of psittacosis in the city.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Chlamydophila psittaci; Psittacosis; Geese; Phylogeny; China; Community-Acquired Infections; Genotype; Poultry; Pneumonia
PubMed: 36287125
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2140606 -
Microbial Genomics Oct 2022is an avian pathogen with zoonotic potential. In Australia, has been well reported as a cause of reproductive loss in mares which subsequently have been the source of...
is an avian pathogen with zoonotic potential. In Australia, has been well reported as a cause of reproductive loss in mares which subsequently have been the source of infection and illness in some in-contact humans. To date, molecular typing studies describe the predominant and clonal sequence type (ST)24 strains in horse, psittacine, and human infections. We sought to assess the clonality between ST24 strains and the emergence of equine ST24 with a comprehensive genomics approach. We used culture-independent probe-based and metagenomic whole-genome sequencing to investigate 13 . genomes from horses, psittacines, and a pigeon from Australia. Published genomes of 36 . strains were also used to contextualise our Australian dataset and investigate lineage diversity. We utilised a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based clustering and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) approach. has four major phylogenetic groups (PG1-4) based on core-genome SNP-based phylogeny. PG1 contained clonal global and Australian equine, psittacine, and human ST24 genomes, with a median pairwise SNP distance of 68 SNPs. PG2, PG3, and PG4 had greater genomic diversity, including diverse STs collected from birds, livestock, human, and horse hosts from Europe and North America and a racing pigeon from Australia. We show that the clustering of by MLST was congruent with SNP-based phylogeny. The monophyletic ST24 clade has four major sub-lineages. The genomes of 17 Australian human, equine, and psittacine strains collected between 2008 and 2021 formed the predominant ST24 sub-lineage 1 (emerged circa 1979). Despite a temporal distribution of 13 years, the genomes within sub-lineage 1 had a median pairwise SNP distance of 32 SNPs, suggesting a recent population expansion or potential cross-host transmission. However, two genomes collected in 2015 from Victorian parrots clustered into distinct ST24 sub-lineage 4 (emerged circa 1965) with ovine strain C19/98 from Germany. This work describes a comprehensive phylogenomic characterisation of ST24 and identifies a timeline of potential bird-to-equine spillover events.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Chlamydophila psittaci; Psittacosis; Birds; Australia; Genomics; Clone Cells
PubMed: 36269227
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000888 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Oct 2022Psittacosis, caused by the bacteria Chlamydia psittaci, is primarily a disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans. The clinical manifestations of the disease are...
INTRODUCTION
Psittacosis, caused by the bacteria Chlamydia psittaci, is primarily a disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans. The clinical manifestations of the disease are wide, ranging from asymptomatic illness to fulminant psittacosis with multi-organ failure. The organism gets attached to the upper respiratory mucosa after inhalation and the majority remain asymptomatic. However, some people may develop symptoms of atypical pneumonia.
CASE PRESENTATION
Psittacosis usually presents with sudden onset fever with chills and rigor, headache, and myalgia. Here we present a case of a 35 years old female with a history of close contact with parrots who presented to the ER with complaints of high-grade fever and headache for 2 weeks which started 2 days after her parrots died.
DISCUSSION
The disease usually manifests as flu-like symptoms or pneumonia and is included in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Investigations reveal neutrophilia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and elevated liver enzymes which were consistent with the findings of our patient. Chest X-ray showed ill-defined consolidation in the right middle and lower lobes which were inconclusive. Hence, a CT chest was done which revealed patchy ground glass opacities with surrounding consolidation giving a reverse halo sign. Due to her contact with birds and CT findings which were suggestive of psittacosis, she was started on doxycycline and her condition improved thereafter.
CONCLUSION
We highlight the importance of proper history taking and awareness on zoonotic diseases to the general public to prevent, diagnose and treat the disease effectively.
PubMed: 36268359
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104695 -
Current Microbiology Oct 2022Pigeons are a typical host and natural reservoir of Chlamydia psittaci, the etiological agent of avian chlamydiosis, considered as a neglected zoonotic diseases. The aim...
Pigeons are a typical host and natural reservoir of Chlamydia psittaci, the etiological agent of avian chlamydiosis, considered as a neglected zoonotic diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of C. psittaci in faecal samples of feral pigeons (Columba livia forma urbana) as a potential source of infection related to the presence of synanthropic birds in urban areas. A total of 143 samples of dry and fresh faeces of feral pigeons, were collected in the city of Lublin (Poland), from April to September 2021. Molecular detection of C. psittaci was performed by nested-PCR and real-time PCR, confirmed by sequencing. Among the collected samples, 5 positive results were obtained in nested-PCR (3.5%), while in real-time PCR, the number of positive samples increased to 11 (7.7%). The positive samples showed 100% identity to the C. psittaci strain AMK (CP047319.1). C. psittaci was found in 7 out of 111 (6.3%) faecal samples collected in public places, and in 4 out of 32 (12.5%) samples from the nesting site (4.9% and 2.8% among a total of 143 samples, respectively). The infection was detected in both dry and fresh faeces (9.1% and 4.5%, respectively). The highest number of positive results was obtained in June-5 (3.5%). Feral pigeons occurring in urban areas are a natural reservoir of C. psittaci posing a potential risk of zoonotic infections. However, further studies on exposure to contaminated pigeon faeces in terms of occupational and non-occupational risk of chlamydiosis are needed.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Chlamydophila psittaci; Columbidae; Feces; Poland; Psittacosis
PubMed: 36253653
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03072-4 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022Psittacosis is a rare zoonotic disease caused by infection, and tetracyclines are the preferred treatment. Omadacycline is a novel tetracycline that has a strong in...
Psittacosis is a rare zoonotic disease caused by infection, and tetracyclines are the preferred treatment. Omadacycline is a novel tetracycline that has a strong in vitro antibacterial activity against atypical pathogens, including ; however, clinical data for its usage are lacking. We report a patient with severe -induced pneumonia presenting with a high fever, muscle aches, severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, and acute respiratory failure requiring tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The condition was diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The patient was discharged after treatment with omadacycline. The findings of this study suggest that metagenomic next-generation sequencing is valuable for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of psittacosis. With its good safety profile and no requirement for dose adjustment in special populations, omadacycline is a new option for the treatment of severe pneumonia. However, additional case reports are needed to support this conclusion.
PubMed: 36217343
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S384296 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022() has caused sporadic, but recurring, fatal community-acquired pneumonia outbreaks worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. Our understanding of host...
PURPOSE
() has caused sporadic, but recurring, fatal community-acquired pneumonia outbreaks worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. Our understanding of host inflammatory responses to is limited, and many bronchitis cases of psittaci have rapidly progressed to pneumonia with deterioration.
METHODS
To clarify the host inflammatory response in psittacosis, we analyzed clinical parameters, and compared transcriptomic data, concentrations of plasma cytokines/chemokines, and changes of immune cell populations in 17 laboratory-confirmed psittacosis cases, namely, 8 pneumonia and 9 bronchitis individuals, in order to assess transcriptomic profiles and pro-inflammatory responses.
RESULTS
Psittacosis cases with pneumonia were found to have abnormal routine blood indices, liver damage, and unilateral pulmonary high-attenuation consolidation. Transcriptome sequencing revealed markedly elevated expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, especially interleukins and chemokines. A multiplex-biometric immunoassay showed that pneumonia cases had higher levels of serum cytokines (G-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IP-10, MCP-3, and TNF-α) than bronchitis cases. Increases in activated neutrophils and decreases in the number of lymphocytes were also observed in pneumonia cases.
CONCLUSION
We identified a number of plasma biomarkers distinct to pneumonia and a variety of cytokines elevated with immunopathogenic potential likely inducing an inflammatory milieu and acceleration of the disease progression of psittaci pneumonia. This enhances our understanding of inflammatory responses and changes in vascular endothelial markers in psittacosis with heterogeneous symptoms and should prove helpful for developing both preventative and therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bronchitis; Chemokine CXCL10; Chlamydophila psittaci; Cytokines; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-18; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Pneumonia; Psittacosis; Transfer Factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36119044
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929213 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Dec 2022Chlamydia psittaci is a recognised cause of late-term equine foetal loss and poses a zoonotic risk in Australia. However, a management strategy is lacking to protect...
Chlamydia psittaci is a recognised cause of late-term equine foetal loss and poses a zoonotic risk in Australia. However, a management strategy is lacking to protect at-risk humans handling infected aborted material and pregnant mares. This study proposes a protocol for approaching C. psittaci foetal loss after investigating four foetal losses that occurred on a horse stud in the Hunter Valley, Australia in 2021. Swabs from the foetal loss cases (n = 4), close contact mares (n = 59), and foals of the close contact mares (n = 33) were collected and tested for C. psittaci using both isothermal points of care and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) laboratory-based testing. Genotyping was performed utilising C. psittaci multilocus sequence typing and ompA sequencing from C. psittaci positive pooled foetal and placental (n = 3) DNA. Foetal and placental samples from the four foetal loss cases were all positive for C. psittaci with 100% agreement between the isothermal swab testing on the farm and qPCR DNA testing at an external laboratory. Genotyping revealed the clonal and identical sequence type 24 (ST24) C. psittaci strains in all samples. C. psittaci was not detected in close contact with mares or their foals. There was no statistically significant difference in foal survival between the close contact mare groups that did and did not receive antimicrobial intervention (P > 0.05). The proposed protocol is intended to raise awareness and begin a discussion for guidelines around handling of chlamydial foetal loss cases in late pregnant mares which pose a zoonotic threat to farm workers and veterinarians.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Farms; Horse Diseases; Placenta; Psittacosis; Chlamydophila psittaci; Chlamydia
PubMed: 36071558
DOI: 10.1111/avj.13206