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Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Although some adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require intensive and specialized ASD treatment, there is little research on how these adults experience the...
INTRODUCTION
Although some adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require intensive and specialized ASD treatment, there is little research on how these adults experience the recovery process. Recovery is defined as the significant improvement in general functioning compared to the situation prior to treatment.
METHODS
This qualitative study describes the recovery process from the perspective of adults on the autism spectrum during intensive inpatient treatment. Semi-structured interviews (n = 15) were carried out and analyzed according to the principles of grounded theory.
RESULTS
Our results indicate that, given the specific characteristics of autism, therapeutic interventions and goal-oriented work cannot be carried out successfully, and the recovery process cannot begin, if no good working relationship has been established, and if care is not organized in ways that a person on the autism spectrum finds clear and predictable.
PubMed: 38911701
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1383138 -
Annals of General Psychiatry Jun 2024Migraine has been associated with mental disorders, however whether parental migraine is associated with an increased risk of major mental disorders (MMDs) in offspring...
BACKGROUND
Migraine has been associated with mental disorders, however whether parental migraine is associated with an increased risk of major mental disorders (MMDs) in offspring has not been investigated. We aimed to examine the risk of the development of MMDs in the offspring of parents with migraine compared with those of parents without migraine.
METHODS
This study used data derived from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Offspring of parents with migraine and a control group consisting of offspring of parents without migraine matched for demographic and parental mental disorders were included. Cox regression was used to estimate the risk of MMDs, including schizophrenia, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sub-analyses stratified by the fathers and mothers were further performed to separately clarify the risks of MMDs among the offspring.
RESULTS
We included 22,747 offspring of parents with migraine and 227,470 offspring of parents without migraine as the controls. Parental migraine was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD (reported as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals: 1.37, 1.25-1.50), bipolar disorder (1.35, 1.06-1.71), and depressive disorder (1.33, 1.21-1.47) compared to the offspring of parents without migraine. Importantly, sub-analyses showed that only maternal migraine was significantly associated with these risks.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to the heavy burden of MMDs, healthcare workers should be aware of the risk of MMDs in the offspring of parents with migraine, particular in mothers.
PubMed: 38909222
DOI: 10.1186/s12991-024-00508-y -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Psychiatric inpatients often endure anxiety. This randomized trial assessed the impact of horticultural therapy on anxiety in adult psychiatric inpatients over four... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Psychiatric inpatients often endure anxiety. This randomized trial assessed the impact of horticultural therapy on anxiety in adult psychiatric inpatients over four weeks, compared to standard care. Recruiting 211 inpatients from six units were randomized into control (n = 105) and experimental (n = 106) groups. Control received usual care; the experimental group had horticultural therapy alongside usual care. Anxiety, measured using HADS-A scale at four weeks, aimed to establish horticultural therapy's superiority. After four weeks, horticultural therapy significantly reduced anxiety compared to standard care (P < 0.001). These results argue in favor of integrating horticultural therapy into psychiatric nursing practices.Trial registration: No Clinical Trail: NCT02666339 (1st registration: 28/01/2016).
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Horticultural Therapy; Anxiety; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Inpatients; Mental Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38909093
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65168-0 -
BMC Primary Care Jun 2024The caretaking process for older adults with depression and physical multimorbidity is complex. Older patients with both psychiatric and physical illnesses require an...
BACKGROUND
The caretaking process for older adults with depression and physical multimorbidity is complex. Older patients with both psychiatric and physical illnesses require an integrated and comprehensive approach to effectively manage their care. This approach should address common risk factors, acknowledge the bidirectional relationship between somatic and mental health conditions, and integrate treatment strategies for both aspects. Furthermore, active engagement of healthcare providers in shaping new care processes is imperative for achieving sustainable change.
OBJECTIVE
To explore and understand the needs and expectations of healthcare providers (HCPs) concerning the care for older patients with depression and physical multimorbidity.
METHODS
Seventeen HCPs who work with the target group in primary and residential care participated in three focus group interviews. A constructivist Grounded Theory approach was applied. The results were analyzed using the QUAGOL guide.
RESULTS
Participants highlighted the importance of patient-centeredness, interprofessional collaboration, and shared decision-making in current healthcare practices. There is also a need to further emphasize the advantages and risks of technology in delivering care. Additionally, HCPs working with this target population should possess expertise in both psychiatric and somatic care to provide comprehensive care. Care should be organized proactively, anticipating needs rather than reacting to them. Healthcare providers, including a dedicated care manager, might consider collaborating, integrating their expertise instead of operating in isolation. Lastly, effective communication among HCPs, patients, and their families is crucial to ensure high-quality care delivery.
CONCLUSION
The findings stress the importance of a comprehensive approach to caring for older adults dealing with depression and physical comorbidity. These insights will fuel the development of an integrated care model that caters to the needs of this population.
Topics: Humans; Focus Groups; Multimorbidity; Female; Male; Aged; Attitude of Health Personnel; Depression; Health Personnel; Middle Aged; Patient-Centered Care; Adult; Grounded Theory; Qualitative Research; Decision Making, Shared
PubMed: 38907355
DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02447-9 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024To study the clinical effectiveness of the 4P nursing model combined with Amisulpride and Clozapine in the management of psychiatric patients.
OBJECTIVE
To study the clinical effectiveness of the 4P nursing model combined with Amisulpride and Clozapine in the management of psychiatric patients.
METHOD
100 patients with refractory schizophrenia treated in the Psychiatry department of Ganzhou People's Hospital from January 3, 2021, to January 4, 2022, were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into observation and control groups, with 50 patients in each group. The clinical efficacy in the two groups was then assessed and compared using such parameters as the PANSS score, body mass index (BMI), blood lipid levels, incidence of side effects, and nursing satisfaction scores.
RESULTS
The difference in total treatment efficacy was statistically significant (χ2=11.724, 9.458, P ≤ .001, RR0.24, 95%CI (0.117-0.363)). The post-treatment PANSS score, positive symptom score, negative symptom score, and general pathological score treatment were all lower than the pre-treatment scores in both groups. The difference was statistically significant (RR0.12, 95%CI (0.098-0.203)). There was a reduction in the BMI of patients in the observation group after treatment, while there was an increase in that of patients in the control group. However, after treatment, there were significant reductions in the concentrations of T-CHO, LDL-C, and HDL-C in both groups (all P < .05, RR0.26, 95%CI (0.156-0.371)), with more significant reductions seen in the observation group than in the control group. The patients in the observation group recorded a much lower incidence of such side effects as drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, constipation, and weight gain and were more satisfied with the nursing they received as compared to their counterparts in the control group (all P < .05, RR0.28, 95%CI (0.171-0.351)).
CONCLUSION
The 4P nursing model combined with Amisulpride and Clozapine can improve adherence to treatment, as well as the overall effectiveness of treatment. This nursing method has a high safety profile, improves the quality of life, and its use deserves more widespread promotion.
PubMed: 38904633
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024To explore the insight, treatment attitude, and related influencing factors of hospitalized elderly patients suffering from major depression.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the insight, treatment attitude, and related influencing factors of hospitalized elderly patients suffering from major depression.
METHODS
A total of 141 hospitalized elderly patients with depression were selected as the research objects. Insight was evaluated by the total score of the Insight and Treatment Attitude questionnaire (ITAQ). The data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, delirium status, social functioning, social support, suicide risk, and cognitive function.
RESULTS
The sample included 74.5% of female patients, and the mean age was 67.53 (sd=7.19) years. The influencing factors of inpatients with depression included alcohol consumption, length of hospitalization, admission types, and the main caregivers (<0.05). The various factors were further analyzed by linear regression, revealing that the insight and treatment attitude of elderly depressed hospitalized patients were mainly related to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (= 0.225, 0.055-0.395, =0.01), dependent on a caregiver (=-5.810, -8.086~-3.535, <0.001), the type of admission (involuntary admission) (-3.365, -5.448~-1.283, =0.002), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) (-0.156, -0.303~-0.010, =0.037), and length of stay (≤28 days) (2.272, 0.055~-4.489, =0.045).
CONCLUSION
The level of insight was affected by cognitive function, involuntary admission, dependent on a caregiver, social function and length of stay. Future studies should focus on cognitive function recovery, observation of admission mode, and self-care ability in elderly patients with depression.
PubMed: 38903641
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284559 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024
Topics: Humans; Focus Groups; Anxiety; Adult; Qualitative Research; Female; Preoperative Care; Male; Patient Education as Topic; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Nursing
PubMed: 38894989
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1391764 -
Nutrients May 2024Commercial environments and food acquisition methods significantly shape dietary practices and impact health. This study assesses dietary choices among Portuguese...
Commercial environments and food acquisition methods significantly shape dietary practices and impact health. This study assesses dietary choices among Portuguese university students regarding vending machines, canteens, and lunches from home. It also evaluates their use of the university canteen and their tendency to bring lunch from home. This pilot cross-sectional study used a self-administered electronic questionnaire, made available in early 2023. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling. The study included 137 students from Portuguese higher education institutions, mainly women (74.5%), pursuing degrees or integrated Master's degrees (83.2%), primarily in health-related fields (55.5%). The median age was 21 years (20 to 23.5 years). About 70.0% regularly consumed food from vending machines, while approximately 60.0% brought lunch from home, avoiding the canteen. Factors such as convenience (48.5%), price (47.5%), product availability (40.6%), and taste (39.6%) mainly influenced vending machine choices. Monthly, chocolates, water, coffee, cookies, treats, and soft drinks were the most commonly acquired items, with coffee being the most frequent daily purchase. These findings provide insights for creating policies and initiatives to promote healthier and more accessible food options for students and strategies to encourage positive eating behaviors.
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Female; Universities; Male; Young Adult; Lunch; Cross-Sectional Studies; Food Dispensers, Automatic; Food Preferences; Students; Food Services; Choice Behavior; Portugal; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Diet; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 38892655
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111722 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Suicide is a major public health priority, and its molecular mechanisms appear to be related to glial abnormalities and specific transcriptional changes. This study... (Review)
Review
Suicide is a major public health priority, and its molecular mechanisms appear to be related to glial abnormalities and specific transcriptional changes. This study aimed to identify and synthesize evidence of the relationship between glial dysfunction and suicidal behavior to understand the neurobiology of suicide. As of 26 January 2024, 46 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified by searching PubMed and ISI Web of Science. Most postmortem studies, including 30 brain regions, have determined no density or number of total Nissl-glial cell changes in suicidal patients with major psychiatric disorders. There were 17 astrocytic, 14 microglial, and 9 oligodendroglial studies using specific markers of each glial cell and further on their specific gene expression. Those studies suggest that astrocytic and oligodendroglial cells lost but activated microglia in suicides with affective disorder, bipolar disorders, major depression disorders, or schizophrenia in comparison with non-suicided patients and non-psychiatric controls. Although the data from previous studies remain complex and cannot fully explain the effects of glial cell dysfunction related to suicidal behaviors, they provide risk directions potentially leading to suicide prevention.
Topics: Humans; Neuroglia; Suicide; Brain; Biomarkers; Autopsy; Suicidal Ideation; Bipolar Disorder
PubMed: 38891940
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115750 -
BMC Primary Care Jun 2024It is unclear how primary care physicians manage insomnia after the introduction of novel hypnotics such as orexin receptor antagonists and melatonin receptor agonists....
BACKGROUND
It is unclear how primary care physicians manage insomnia after the introduction of novel hypnotics such as orexin receptor antagonists and melatonin receptor agonists. This Web-based questionnaire survey aimed to examine treatment strategies for insomnia in Japanese primary care practice.
METHODS
One-hundred-and-seventeen primary care physicians were surveyed on the familiarity of each management option for insomnia on a binary response scale (0 = "unfamiliar"; 1 = "familiar") and how they managed insomnia using a nine-point Likert scale (1 = "I never prescribe/perform it"; 9 = "I often prescribe/perform it"). Physicians who were unfamiliar with a management option were deemed to have never prescribed or performed it.
RESULTS
Regarding medication, most physicians were familiar with novel hypnotics. Suvorexant was the most used hypnotic, followed by lemborexant and ramelteon. These novel hypnotics averaged 4.8-5.4 points and 4.0-4.7 points for sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia, respectively. By contrast, most benzodiazepines were seldom used below two points. Regarding psychotherapy, only approximately 40% of the physicians were familiar with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and they rarely implemented it, at an average of 1.5-1.6 points. More physicians were familiar with single-component psychotherapies (i.e., relaxation, sleep restriction therapy, and stimulus control) compared to CBT-I, and 48-74% of them implemented it slightly more often, with scores ranging from 2.6 to 3.4 points.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that Japanese primary care physicians seldom use CBT-I to treat insomnia. In addition, they use novel sleep medications more frequently than benzodiazepines in terms of pharmacotherapy. The use and availability of CBT-I in Japanese primary care might be facilitated by: educating primary care physicians, implementing brief or digital CBT-I, and/or developing collaborations between primary care physicians and CBT-I specialists.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Benzodiazepines; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; East Asian People; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Internet; Japan; Orexin Receptor Antagonists; Physicians, Primary Care; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38890610
DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02449-7