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Evidence-based Complementary and... 2024are the principal causative factor in the etiological factors of chronic, active, or type B gastritis; peptic and duodenal ulcers; stomach carcinoma; and epithelial...
BACKGROUND
are the principal causative factor in the etiological factors of chronic, active, or type B gastritis; peptic and duodenal ulcers; stomach carcinoma; and epithelial tissue lymphoid malignancies. It infects more than half of the population worldwide. To reduce production, pharmacological therapy of diseases typically involves using threefold treatment methods. However, as a result of such therapy, antimicrobial resistance is commonly developed. Alternative therapeutics for diseases are thus of particular interest.
METHODS
Thyme essential oils (EOs) obtained from Jalas plants in Iran were tested for antibacterial activity against obtained from 320 poultry specimens in this investigation. Antibacterial activity was measured using inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The impact of Jalas essential oils on isolate , , and gene expression was evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR method ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
The chemical content of these EOs varied significantly according to chromatographic examination. Thymol, carvacrol, and terpinene-4-ol are the most abundant components in these EOs. was recognized as a species with a 175-bp PCR product of 16S rRNA in 20/20 (100%). According to PCR results, all 20 (100%) isolates belonged to . The EOs inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with Jalas being the most effective, followed by pterygium EOs in decreasing order. At 8 mg/mL of Jalas EOs, IZs against were 27.4 ± 0.42 mm, and at 8 mg/mL of pterygium, IZs against were 1 ± 0.02. Jalas essential oils were used to treat all bacteria, and the findings showed that Jalas had a substantial inhibitory impact on the expression of , , and virulence-related genes ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In a dose-dependent manner, the EOs of Jalas EO demonstrated a high degree of antimicrobial property against bacteria. The most efficient EOs were those from Jalas with relative concentrations of thymol and carvacrol, followed by the coumarin-dominated pterygium EO with reduced antibacterial activity.
PubMed: 38887601
DOI: 10.1155/2024/3627074 -
Ophthalmology Science 2024To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CBT-001, a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor eyedrop, for pterygia.
A Phase IIa Multicenter, Randomized, Vehicle-Controlled, Dose Escalating Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of CBT-001 Ophthalmic Solution in Patients With Primary or Recurrent Pterygium.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CBT-001, a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor eyedrop, for pterygia.
DESIGN
Phase II clinical trial. Stage 1 was a single center, open-labeled, vehicle-controlled study. Stage 2 was a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled trial.
PARTICIPANTS
Patients with primary or recurrent pterygia.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary efficacy end point was lesion vascularity based on masked grading of photographs by an independent reading center. Other end points included dimensions of pterygia and safety.
METHODS
In stage 1, 24 eyes of 24 patients received 1 drop of CBT-001 in a dose escalation fashion (0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.2%) to determine the maximally tolerated dose based on adverse events (AEs) and blood drug levels. In stage 2, subjects were randomly assigned to receive the maximally tolerated dose of CBT-001 or vehicle dosed 3 times a day for 4 weeks with a 20-week follow-up.
RESULTS
In stage 1, the plasma maximum concentration values for all doses of CBT-001 were at or below the limit of detection (0.01 ng/ml). The most commonly reported AEs were mild foreign body sensation and irritation. CBT-001 0.2% was evaluated in stage 2. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar between patients receiving CBT-001 (n = 25) and vehicle (n = 23). After 4 weeks of dosing, the mean change from baseline in pterygium vascularity scores was -0.8 ± 0.7 (mean ± standard deviation) in subjects receiving CBT-001 0.2% and 0.0 ± 0.5 in subjects receiving vehicle ( < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: -1.12, -0.40). Pterygium vascularity scores remained significantly decreased, after the 4-week dosing period, at weeks 8 and 16, but not at week 24. The mean changes from baseline in the length of the pterygia were also significantly lower in subjects receiving CBT-001 compared with vehicle at weeks 2, 4, and 8 ( ≤ 0.014). The most commonly reported AEs were ocular, mild in severity, resolved after therapy, and did not result in discontinuation.
CONCLUSIONS
CBT-001 0.2% decreased pterygia vascularity and lesion length after 4 weeks of dosing with a prolonged effect after dosing. The drug was well tolerated with minimal detected systemic drug levels.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
PubMed: 38883924
DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100502 -
Cureus Jun 2024Purpose To evaluate clinical outcomes of primary pterygium excision surgery and analyze risk factors for pterygium recurrence. Setting Eye Treatment Centre, Cornea and...
Purpose To evaluate clinical outcomes of primary pterygium excision surgery and analyze risk factors for pterygium recurrence. Setting Eye Treatment Centre, Cornea and External Diseases Service, Whipps Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Methods Retrospective case series of eyes undergoing primary pterygium excision between August 2017 and July 2022. Patients who underwent "pterygium excision" documented in the electronic patient record system were identified. Patients with recurrent pterygium and those lost-to-follow-up were excluded. The duration of follow-up, type of surgery performed (primary conjunctival closure, conjunctival autograft, and amniotic membrane transplantation), recurrences with respect to the type of surgery performed, and postoperative complications were collected and analyzed. Results In total, 83 eyes (from 79 patients) were included. The mean age of our patient cohort was 59.3 ± 5.9 years. The most common ethnic distribution was Black Caribbean (15.7%). Conjunctival autograft was performed in 76 eyes (91.6%), primary conjunctival closure was performed in five eyes (6%) and amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in two eyes (2.4%). The recurrence rate with conjunctival autograft was 1.3% with a median time to recurrence of 2.98 months. Recurrence was significantly more common in patients below the age of 40 years (p=0.03). Recurrence was not significantly associated with gender (p=0.23), ethnicity (p=0.17), or grade of surgeon (p=0.38). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue fixation for the surgical management of primary pterygium. Recurrence was found to be significantly more common in patients under the age of 40 years old. However, recurrence was not associated with ethnicity, gender, or surgeon grade.
PubMed: 38882219
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62440 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... Jun 2024To estimate the pterygium ocular surface state, and compare with healthy eyes and dry eyes. To investigate the inflammation due to pterygia growth by tear...
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the pterygium ocular surface state, and compare with healthy eyes and dry eyes. To investigate the inflammation due to pterygia growth by tear Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT α) test.
DESIGN
Prospective, single-center study.
PARTICIPANTS
400 patients, divided into 100 pterygium group, 100 mild dry eye group, 100 moderate dry eye group, and 100 age-and sex-matched normal controls.
METHODS
The non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH) test, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibomian gland loss score (MGs), and lipid layer thickness (LLT) were evaluated in all patients. Pterygium status and ocular status in the pterygium group were collected. The tear LT α test was conducted in the pterygium patients group.
RESULT
Pterygium can affect the ocular surface, leading to decreased tear film stability. The TMH, NIBUT, CFS, MGs, and lipid layer thickness can provide insights into this phenomenon. The presence of pterygium can change the structure and condition of the ocular surface. Tear LT α testing shows an abnormal decrease in LT α levels in pterygium patients. This indicates an immune-inflammation microenvironment that causes tissue repair deficiency.
CONCLUSION
The dry eye triggered by the growth of pterygium may originate from the tear film instability due to pterygia. As an inflammatory index, LT α in the development of pterygium and the aggravation of dry eye patients can indicate that the ocular surface is in different inflammatory states. Future tear testing in LT α may be a potential indicator to assess the inflammatory status of the dry eye.
PubMed: 38874736
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-024-00413-1 -
Journal of Refractive Surgery... May 2024To discuss factors influencing corneal aberrations that might influence the optical quality after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To discuss factors influencing corneal aberrations that might influence the optical quality after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
METHODS
PubMed and Scopus were the main resources used to search the medical literature. An extensive search was performed to identify relevant articles concerning factors influencing the level of corneal aberrations as of August 27, 2023. The following keywords were used in various combinations: corneal, aberrations, defocus, astigmatism, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, quadrafoil, intraocular lens, and IOL.
RESULTS
Conclusive evidence is lacking regarding the correlation between age and changes in corneal aberrations. Patients with astigmatism have greater corneal higher-order aberrations than those with minimal astigmatism, particularly concerning trefoil and coma. Increased levels of corneal higher-order aberrations are noted following contact lens wear, in patients with dry eye disease, and with pterygium. Increased higher-order aberrations have been reported following corneal refractive surgery and for 3 months following trabeculectomy; regarding intraocular lens surgery, the results remain controversial.
CONCLUSIONS
Several factors influence the level of corneal higher-order aberrations. Multifocal and extended depth-of-focus IOLs can share similarities in their optical properties, and the main difference arises in their design and performance with respect to spherical aberration. Preoperative evaluation is critical for proper IOL choice, particularly in corneas with risk of high levels of aberrations. .
Topics: Humans; Corneal Wavefront Aberration; Risk Factors; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Visual Acuity; Refraction, Ocular; Multifocal Intraocular Lenses; Depth Perception; Corneal Topography; Cornea
PubMed: 38848055
DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20240416-01 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... May 2024
PubMed: 38841935
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_77_2024 -
Journal of Medical Physics 2024Beta irradiation after bare scleral surgery of primary pterygium is an effective and safe treatment, which reduces the risk of local recurrence.
INTRODUCTION
Beta irradiation after bare scleral surgery of primary pterygium is an effective and safe treatment, which reduces the risk of local recurrence.
PURPOSE
Obtaining the reference dose rate for a radioactive applicator consisting of a plate as a 32P absorber, a steel window and a steel capsule.
METHODS
Relative dosimetry and dose profile were measured using two types of radiochromic films, HD-810 and EBT1, for the P applicator and were compared with Monte Carlo simulation data. Dose uniformity in the P applicator was obtained with radiochromic HD-810 film.
RESULTS
The measurement depth dose distribution data at distances up to 3.8 mm were compared with calculation data, and the values were not found to differ statistically. Depth dose distribution with a large dose gradient was determined and the dose rate data obtained 0.0053 ± 9.9% in unit of Gy/s.mCi at a 0.1 mm depth distance. Practical results indicated that the dose nonuniformity and the maximum symmetrical for the P applicator were 11.5% and 9.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our experiments show that the use of the radiochromic film to perform the relative dosimetric checks is feasible and the activity value with acceptable error can be determined through this indirect method.
PubMed: 38828074
DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_99_23 -
Asian Journal of Surgery May 2024
PubMed: 38811329
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.086 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024To report a technique used with intermittent sliding-lock-knot (ISLK) fixation for limbal conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery and compared with those of routine...
AIM
To report a technique used with intermittent sliding-lock-knot (ISLK) fixation for limbal conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery and compared with those of routine intermittent (RI) fixation.
METHODS
Consecutive patients with primary pterygium who had undergone pterygium excision combined with limbal conjunctival autograft transplantation between March 2021 and March 2022 at our institute were retrospectively analyzed. Primary outcome measures were mean duration of surgery and suture removal, degree of conjunctival hyperemia on postoperative day 1, pain score at suture removal, postoperative symptoms at 6mo, including conjunctival hyperemia, foreign body sensation, and graft stability.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight patients underwent monocular surgery and were divided into ISLK (51 eyes) and RI (47 eyes) groups according to the type of conjunctiva autograft fixation method planned. There was no significant difference in mean duration of surgery between the two groups (18.59±2.39min 18.15±2.20min, =0.417); however, compared to the RI group, shorter suture removal times were observed in the ISLK group [0.58min (0.42-0.87) 3.00min (2.21-4.15), <0.001]. The degree of conjunctival hyperemia on postoperative day 1 was milder in the ISLK group (<0.001). Pain scores at suture removal were lower in the ISLK group than in RI group [1 (0-3) 2 (1-4), <0.001]. Postoperative symptoms at 6mo were comparable between the groups (=0.487), with no recurrence.
CONCLUSION
ISLK is an innovative method for limbal conjunctival autograft fixation after pterygium excision. Compared to RI fixation, ISLK facilitates suture removal and reduces discomfort, with comparable surgery duration and less conjunctival hyperemia.
PubMed: 38766334
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.05.07 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024A pterygium is a common conjunctival degeneration and inflammatory condition. It grows onto the corneal surface or limbus, causing blurred vision and cosmetic issues....
A pterygium is a common conjunctival degeneration and inflammatory condition. It grows onto the corneal surface or limbus, causing blurred vision and cosmetic issues. Ultraviolet is a well-known risk factor for the development of a pterygium, although its pathogenesis remains unclear, with only limited understanding of its hereditary basis. In this study, we collected RNA-seq from both pterygial tissues and conjunctival tissues (as controls) from six patients (a total of twelve biological samples) and retrieved publicly available data, including eight pterygium samples and eight controls. We investigated the intrinsic gene regulatory mechanisms closely linked to the inflammatory reactions of pterygiums and compared Asian (Korea) and the European (Germany) pterygiums using multiple analysis approaches from different perspectives. The increased expression of antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress and DNA damage implies an association between these factors and pterygium development. Also, our comparative analysis revealed both similarities and differences between Asian and European pterygiums. The decrease in gene expressions involved in the three primary inflammatory signaling pathways-JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-kappa B signaling-suggests a connection between pathway dysfunction and pterygium development. We also observed relatively higher activity of autophagy and antioxidants in the Asian group, while the European group exhibited more pronounced stress responses against oxidative stress. These differences could potentially be necessitated by energy-associated pathways, specifically oxidative phosphorylation.
Topics: Pterygium; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Inflammation; Oxidative Phosphorylation; RNA-Seq; Conjunctiva; Male; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Middle Aged; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38732006
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094789