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Biomedical Reports Mar 2024Ductal adenocarcinoma represents 90-95% of pancreatic cancer (PC) cases and it is an aggressive disease with asymptomatic evolution at early stages, non-specific...
Ductal adenocarcinoma represents 90-95% of pancreatic cancer (PC) cases and it is an aggressive disease with asymptomatic evolution at early stages, non-specific symptoms and a typical late diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate estimated to be 8%. A window of opportunity lies in early diagnosis as there are currently no reliable biomarkers. CA 19-9 is one of the most frequently used biomarkers of PC, with 75 and 77.6% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), respectively, and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) shows 39.5 and 81.3% of Se and Sp, respectively. A case-control study was conducted including adult patients with a histological diagnosis of PC (n=11) without previous treatment at the Oncology Service of the CMNO-IMSS between 2019 and 2020, and a control group of adult volunteers (n=11) who were clinically healthy or with controlled disease including hypertension, hypothyroidism and diabetes. Clinical, laboratory and sociodemographic data as well as blood, urine and saliva samples were collected following patient consent. Polyamines were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, CA 19-9 and CEA were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the protein expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was evaluated using western blotting. Polyamine metabolism and modulation by means of ODC were increased in the serum and saliva of patients with PC, and the expression of ODC alone was increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The present study focused on the evaluation of putrescine, spermine, spermidine and ODC in PBMCs associated with CA 19-9 and CEA as an auxiliary tool in PC diagnosis.
PubMed: 38343658
DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1726 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) exists in all branches of life that regulate gene expression at the translational level. The eukaryotic translation initiation...
The Deficiency of Hypusinated eIF5A Decreases the Putrescine/Spermidine Ratio and Inhibits +1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting during the Translation of Ty1 Retrotransposon in .
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) exists in all branches of life that regulate gene expression at the translational level. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is a highly conserved protein essential in all eukaryotes. It is identified initially as an initiation factor and functions broadly in translation elongation and termination. The hypusination of eIF5A is specifically required for +1 PRF at the shifty site derived from the () in . However, whether the regulation of +1 PRF by yeast eIF5A is universal remains unknown. Here, we found that Sc-eIF5A depletion decreased the putrescine/spermidine ratio. The re-introduction of Sc-eIF5A in yeast eIF5A mutants recovered the putrescine/spermidine ratio. In addition, the Sc-eIF5A depletion decreases +1 PRF during the decoding of retrotransposon mRNA, but has no effect on -1 PRF during the decoding of virus mRNA. The re-introduction of Sc-eIF5A in yeast eIF5A mutants restored the +1 PRF rate of Ty1. The inhibition of the hypusine modification of yeast eIF5A by GC7 treatment or by mutating the hypusination site Lys to Arg caused decreases of +1 PRF rates in the retrotransposon. Furthermore, mutational studies of the frameshifting element support a model where the efficient removal of ribosomal subunits at the first frame 0 stop codon is required for the frameshifting of trailing ribosomes. This dependency is likely due to the unique position of the frame 0 stop codon distance from the slippery sequence of . The results showed that eIF5A is a -regulator of +1 PRF for retrotransposon and could function universally in yeast.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Frameshifting, Ribosomal; Spermidine; Putrescine; Retroelements; Codon, Terminator; Peptide Initiation Factors
PubMed: 38339043
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031766 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Food-borne pathogens and their toxins cause significant health problems in humans. Formation of biogenic amines (BAs) produced by microbial decarboxylation of amino...
Food-borne pathogens and their toxins cause significant health problems in humans. Formation of biogenic amines (BAs) produced by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids in food is undesirable because it can induce toxic effects in consumers. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the effects of natural additives with high bioactivity like spice extracts to inhibit the growth of these bacteria and the formation of BAs in food. In the present study, the antibacterial effects of diethyl ether spice (sumac, cumin, black pepper, and red pepper) extracts at doses of 1% (/) on Gram-positive ( and ) and Gram-negative (, , , , Paratyphi A, and ) food-borne pathogen bacterial strains (FBP) were established. In addition, the accumulation of ammonia (AMN), trimethylamine (TMA), and biogenic amines (BAs) in tyrosine decarboxylase broth (TDB) was investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sumac extract exhibited the highest antibacterial potential against all FBPs, followed by cumin and peppers. AMN (570.71 mg/L) and TMA (53.66 mg/L) production were strongly inhibited by sumac extract in the levels of 55.10 mg/L for and 2.76 mg/L for , respectively. With the exception of , black pepper dramatically reduced the synthesis of putrescine, serotonin, dopamine, and agmatine by FBP especially for Gram-negative ones. Furthermore, sumac extracts inhibited histamine and tyramine production by the majority of FBP. This research suggests the application of sumac extracts as natural preservatives for inhibiting the growth of FBPs and limiting the production of AMN, TMA, and BAs.
PubMed: 38338500
DOI: 10.3390/foods13030364 -
Heliyon Feb 2024The synthesis of bio-compounds via fermentation is a promising route for bioactive molecules intended for disease control and management. Therefore, this study...
The synthesis of bio-compounds via fermentation is a promising route for bioactive molecules intended for disease control and management. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of fermentation on the antioxidants, antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties and the resultant chemometric phytochemical profiles of unripe plantain fruits. The results revealed that and spp. are suspected as the key fermenters. The showed negative results to the pathogenicity test appeared to be opportunistic. A significant increase in the total polyphenols and protein and decreased flavonoids was recorded in the phytochemical profile of the methanolic extract of the fermented unripe plantain pulp; however, the ascorbic acid content was not significantly altered. The H NMR fingerprint showed that there is a closely related chemical shift among the shorter fermentation time (days 2-6) and the unfermented, while the more extended fermentation periods (days 7-12) with enhanced bioactivities were closely related based on the chemometrics analyses. Furthermore, the UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis annotated the presence of bioactive compounds in the day-9 fermented sample: polyhydroxy glucose conjugates (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl 6--(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside), short chain peptide (leucyl-glycyl-glycine), amino acid derivatives (4-Aminophenylalanine, and N-Acetylhistidine), linear and cyclic fatty acid derivatives (palmitoyl putrescine, ricinoleic acid, phytosphingosine, gabalid, rubrenoic acid, 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic and cystodienioc acid). The synergistic effect of these newly formed compounds and the increase in the phenolic content of the day-9 fermented unripe plantain may account for its more potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activity. Therefore, the products obtained from the day 9 fermentation of unripe plantain pulp may serve as potential nutraceutical agents against gastro-enteric sugar digestion and absorption and sugar-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic disease.
PubMed: 38317983
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24659 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... Jan 2024To investigate the protective effect of spermidine against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury in mice and the underlying mechanism.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the protective effect of spermidine against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury in mice and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS
C57BL/6 mice subjected to intraperitoneal LPS injection with or without pretreatment with daily gavage of spermidine for 2 weeks were examined for myocardial pathologies using HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. In the cell experiment, cultured rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were pretreated with 10 or 20 μmol/L spermidine before LPS exposure for 2 h, and the changes in cell viability and levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTNI) were assessed using CCK-8 kit, LDH detection kit and ELISA, respectively. Western blotting was performed to detect the changes in the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, SLC7A11 and GPX4; the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe levels were detected using fluorescent probes, and mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells was measured using JC-1 staining.
RESULTS
Treatment of the mice with LPS induced obvious myocardial and mitochondrial damages, which were significantly alleviated by pretreatment with spermidine. In H9c2 cells, LPS exposure significantly lowered the cell viability, increased LDH and cTNI levels and expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels, decreased expressions of Bcl-2, SLC7A11 and GPX4, increased ROS production and Fe level ( < 0.05), and lowered mitochondrial membrane potential (all < 0.05). These effects were significantly alleviated by SPD pretreatment of the cells prior to LPS exposure.
CONCLUSION
Spermidine alleviates LPS-induced myocardial injury by suppressing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cellular ROS production and ferroptosis.
Topics: Mice; Rats; Animals; Reactive Oxygen Species; Lipopolysaccharides; Caspase 3; Spermidine; Ferroptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Signal Transduction; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Apoptosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
PubMed: 38293988
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.01.19 -
Heliyon Jan 2024Garlic, a key ingredient in kimchi, is an indispensable source of lactic acid bacteria, which are essential for fermentation. This study explored the effects of various...
Garlic, a key ingredient in kimchi, is an indispensable source of lactic acid bacteria, which are essential for fermentation. This study explored the effects of various garlic varieties on kimchi fermentation, focusing on changes in microbial communities and metabolite profiles. We observed that the type of garlic used did not significantly alter the microbial community. However, the presence of garlic itself made a significant difference. Specifically, kimchi with garlic showed higher abundance of and , which are bacteria primarily responsible for kimchi fermentation. Additionally, kimchi containing garlic had increased levels of mannitol and fructose, which significantly influence taste; however, lactic acid and putrescine levels were decreased. Therefore, the addition of garlic directly contributes to the flavor profile of kimchi. Sixty-two metabolites were identified using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The variety of garlic added influenced the metabolite profiles of kimchi, particularly in the later stages of fermentation. These profiles were categorized based on the garlic's origin, whether from southern or northern ecotypes ( = 0.933, = 0.986, = 0.878). These findings confirm that both the presence and the variety of garlic significantly impact the microbial ecology and metabolites during kimchi fermentation, underscoring its essential role in the process.
PubMed: 38293374
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24283 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Ammonium and polyamines are essential nitrogen metabolites in all living organisms. Crosstalk between ammonium and polyamines through their metabolic pathways has been...
Ammonium and polyamines are essential nitrogen metabolites in all living organisms. Crosstalk between ammonium and polyamines through their metabolic pathways has been demonstrated in plants and animals, while no research has been directed to explore this relationship in algae or to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Previous research demonstrated that high concentrations of ammonium and putrescine were among the active substances in bacteria-derived algicide targeting dinoflagellates, suggesting that the biochemical inter-connection and/or interaction of these nitrogen compounds play an essential role in controlling these ecologically important algal species. In this research, putrescine, ammonium, or a combination of putrescine and ammonium was added to cultures of three dinoflagellate species to explore their effects. The results demonstrated the dose-dependent and species-specific synergistic effects of putrescine and ammonium on these species. To further explore the molecular mechanisms behind the synergistic effects, transcriptome analysis was conducted on dinoflagellate treated with putrescine or ammonium vs. a combination of putrescine and ammonium. The results suggested that the synergistic effects of putrescine and ammonium disrupted polyamine homeostasis and reduced ammonium tolerance, which may have contributed to the cell death of . There was also transcriptomic evidence of damage to chloroplasts and impaired photosynthesis of . This research illustrates the molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of the major nitrogen metabolites, ammonium and putrescine, in dinoflagellates and provides direction for future studies on polyamine biology in algal species.
Topics: Animals; Putrescine; Dinoflagellida; Ammonium Compounds; Polyamines; Nitrogen
PubMed: 38279308
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021306 -
GeroScience Jun 2024Declines in physiological function with aging are strongly linked to age-related diseases. Lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise (LVAE) preserves physiological function...
Declines in physiological function with aging are strongly linked to age-related diseases. Lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise (LVAE) preserves physiological function with aging, possibly by increasing cellular quality control processes, but the circulating molecular transducers mediating these processes are incompletely understood. The plasma metabolome may predict biological aging and is impacted by a single bout of aerobic exercise. Here, we conducted an ancillary analysis using plasma samples, and physiological function data, from previously reported studies of LVAE in male C57BL/6N mice randomized to LVAE (wheel running) or sedentary (SED) (n = 8-9/group) to determine if LVAE alters the plasma metabolome and whether these changes correlated with preservation of physiological function with LVAE. Physical function (grip strength, coordination, and endurance) was assessed at 3 and 18 months of age; vascular endothelial function and the plasma metabolome were assessed at 19 months. Physical function was preserved (%decline; mean ± SEM) with LVAE vs SED (all p < 0.05)-grip strength, 0.4 ± 1.7% vs 12 ± 4.0%; coordination, 10 ± 4% vs 73 ± 10%; endurance, 1 ± 15% vs 61 ± 5%. Vascular endothelial function with LVAE (88.2 ± 2.0%) was higher than SED (79.1 ± 2.5%; p = 0.03) and similar to the young controls (91.4 ± 2.9%). Fifteen metabolites were different with LVAE compared to SED (FDR < 0.05) and correlated with the preservation of physiological function. Plasma spermidine, a polyamine that increases cellular quality control (e.g., autophagy), correlated with all assessed physiological indices. Autophagy (LC3A/B abundance) was higher in LVAE skeletal muscle compared to SED (p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with plasma spermidine (r = - 0.5297; p = 0.054). These findings provide novel insight into the circulating molecular transducers by which LVAE may preserve physiological function with aging.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Aging; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Muscle, Skeletal; Spermidine
PubMed: 38265578
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01062-x -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Feb 2024Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) is a vital indicator for assessing seafood freshness and edibility. Rapid on-site detection of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) is of...
Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) is a vital indicator for assessing seafood freshness and edibility. Rapid on-site detection of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) is of significant importance for food safety monitoring. In this study, highly luminescent self-assembled copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs@-MBA), synthesized using -mercaptobenzoic acid (-MBA) as the ligand, were utilized for the sensitive detection of VBNs. Under acidic conditions, Cu NCs@-MBA formed compact and well-organized nanosheets through noncovalent interactions, accompanied by intense orange fluorescence emission (651 nm). The benzene carboxylic acid part of Cu NCs@-MBA provided the driving force for supramolecular assembly and exhibited a strong affinity for amines, particularly low-molecular-weight amines such as ammonia (NH) and trimethylamine (TMA). The quantitative determination of NH and TMA showed the detection limits as low as 0.33 and 0.81 ppm, respectively. Cu NCs@-MBA also demonstrated good responsiveness to putrescine and histamine. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the precise atomic structure, assembly structure, luminescent properties, and reaction processes of Cu NCs@-MBA were studied, revealing the sensing mechanism of Cu NCs@-MBA for highly sensitive detection of VBNs. Based on the self-assembled Cu NCs@-MBA nanosheets, portable fluorescent labels were developed for semiquantitative, visual, and real-time monitoring of seafood freshness. Therefore, this study exemplified the high sensitivity of self-assembly induced emission (SAIE)-type Cu NCs@-MBA for VBNs sensing, offering an efficient solution for on-site monitoring of seafood freshness.
Topics: Copper; Nitrogen; Fluorescent Dyes; Histamine; Seafood
PubMed: 38261539
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13321 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Our previous study showed that COPPER-CONTAINING AMINE OXIDASE (CuAO) and AMINOALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (AMADH) could regulate the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid...
Our previous study showed that COPPER-CONTAINING AMINE OXIDASE (CuAO) and AMINOALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (AMADH) could regulate the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in tea through the polyamine degradation pathway. However, their biological function in drought tolerance has not been determined. In this study, () CsCuAO1 associated with CsAMADH1 conferred drought tolerance, which modulated GABA levels in tea plants. The results showed that exogenous GABA spraying effectively alleviated the drought-induced physical damage. lines overexpressing and exhibited enhanced resistance to drought, which promoted the synthesis of GABA and putrescine by stimulating reactive oxygen species' scavenging capacity and stomatal movement. However, the suppression of or in tea plants resulted in increased sensitivity to drought treatment. Moreover, co-overexpressing plants increased GABA accumulation both in an -mediated transient assay and transgenic plants. In addition, a GABA transporter gene, , was identified, whose expression was strongly correlated with GABA accumulation levels in different tissues under drought stress. Taken together, CsCuAO1 and CsAMADH1 were involved in the response to drought stress through a dynamic GABA-putrescine balance. Our data will contribute to the characterization of GABA's biological functions in response to environmental stresses in plants.
Topics: Drought Resistance; Arabidopsis; Camellia sinensis; Putrescine; Plants, Genetically Modified; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Tea
PubMed: 38256065
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020992