-
Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular... 2024Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for 40% of all cardiac arrhythmias and is associated with a high risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolic complications. Dabigatran,... (Review)
Review
Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for 40% of all cardiac arrhythmias and is associated with a high risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolic complications. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban are direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) that have been proven to prevent stroke in patients with non-valvular AF. This review summarizes the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions of DOACs, as well as new data from pharmacogenetic studies of these drugs. This review is aimed at analyzing the scientific literature on the gene polymorphisms involved in the metabolism of DOACs. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and CyberLeninka (Russian version) databases with keywords: 'dabigatran', 'apixaban', 'rivaroxaban', 'edoxaban', 'gene polymorphism', 'pharmacogenetics', '', '', '', '', and ''. The articles referred for this review include (1) full-text articles; (2) study design with meta-analysis, an observational study in patients taking DOAC; and (3) data on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms and kinetic parameters of DOACs (plasma concentration), or a particular clinical outcome, published in English and Russian languages during the last 10 years. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 75 years. Out of 114 reviewed works, 24 were found eligible. As per the available pharmacogenomic data, polymorphisms affecting DOACs are different. This may aid in developing individual approaches to optimize DOAC pharmacotherapy to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic complications. However, large-scale population studies are required to determine the dosage of the new oral anticoagulants based on genotyping. Information on the genetic effects is limited owing to the lack of large-scale studies. Uncovering the mechanisms of the genetic basis of sensitivity to DOACs helps in developing personalized therapy based on patient-specific genetic variants and improves the efficacy and safety of DOACs in the general population.
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Administration, Oral; Hemorrhage; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Risk Factors; Anticoagulants; Treatment Outcome; Stroke; Risk Assessment; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Vitamin K; Drug Interactions
PubMed: 38801157
DOI: 10.1177/17539447241249886 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent male malignancy that originates in the epithelial cells of the prostate. In terms of incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent male malignancy that originates in the epithelial cells of the prostate. In terms of incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in men, PCa ranks second and fifth globally and first and third among men in Europe and the United States, respectively. These figures have gradually increased in recent years. The primary modalities used to diagnose PCa include prostate-specific antigen (PSA), multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), and prostate puncture biopsy. Among these techniques, prostate puncture biopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of PCa; however, this method carries the potential for missed diagnoses. The preoperative evaluation of the patient in this study suggested advanced PCa. However, the initial prostate puncture biopsy was inconsistent with the preoperative diagnosis, and instead of waiting for a repeat puncture of the prostate primary, we performed a biopsy of the rib metastasis, which was later diagnosed as advanced PCa.
PubMed: 38800391
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365969 -
Translational Animal Science 2024Crossbred steers ( = 114, initial BW = 334 kg; SEM = 5 kg) were serially harvested to evaluate the change in carcass composition by feeding cattle 21 or 42...
Crossbred steers ( = 114, initial BW = 334 kg; SEM = 5 kg) were serially harvested to evaluate the change in carcass composition by feeding cattle 21 or 42 d longer than the 2014 industry average subjective measure of finish, 1.27 cm of 12th rib fat thickness. Carcass ultrasound measurements were collected on 76 steers at 1, 78, and 134 days on feed (DOF) to project appropriate harvest date. Steers were sorted into three harvest groups, and serially harvested at 142, 163, or 185 DOF, with the first harvest date selected based on an estimated 12th rib fat thickness of 1.27 cm via ultrasound measurement. Steers were fed using an individual animal feeding system, to determine individual performance metrics. Steer DMI did not differ (≥ 0.31) between harvest groups, while carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F decreased linearly ( ≤ 0.04) as DOF increased. Carcass weight increased linearly ( < 0.01) as DOF increased from 142 to 185 DOF, with steers gaining an additional 36 kg of HCW when fed an additional 42 DOF. Carcass LM area quadratically increased ( = 0.04) to 163 DOF and remained constant to 185 DOF. Marbling score was not different ( = 0.14) between harvest groups; however, the opportunity to grade USDA Premium Choice was improved for steers fed to 185 DOF. Calculated YG and 12th rib fat thickness increased linearly ( < 0.01) as DOF increased, with distributions across YG 1 through 5 differing between harvest groups ( < 0.01), and 185-d carcasses having the greatest frequency of YG 4 carcasses. As cattle are fed for additional DOF, live ADG and G:F decline, while HCW and LM area increase.
PubMed: 38800105
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae081 -
Translational Animal Science 2024Demands of domestic and foreign market specifications of carcass weight and fat cover, of beef cattle, have led to the development of cattle growth models that predict...
Demands of domestic and foreign market specifications of carcass weight and fat cover, of beef cattle, have led to the development of cattle growth models that predict fat cover to assist on-farm managers make management decisions. The objectives of this paper are 4-fold: 1) conduct a brief review of the biological basis of adipose tissue accretion, 2) briefly review live and carcass assessments of beef cattle, and carcass grading systems used to develop quantitative compositional and quality indices, 3) review fat deposition models: Davis growth model (), French National Institute for Agricultural Research growth model (), Cornell Value Discovery System (), and BeefSpecs drafting tool (), and 4) appraise the process of translating science and practical skills into research/decision support tools that assist the Beef industry improve profitability. The for live and carcass animal assessments, using several techniques across a range of species and traits, ranged from 0.61 to 0.99 and from 0.52 to 0.99, respectively. Model evaluations of DGM and IGM were conducted using Salers heifers (n = 24) and Angus-Hereford steers (n = 15) from an existing publication and model evaluations of CVDS and BeefSpecsDT were conducted using Angus steers (n = 33) from a research trial where steers were grain finished for 101 d in a commercial feedlot. Evaluating the observed and predicted fat mass () is the focus of this review. The FM mean bias for Salers heifers were 7.5 and 1.3 kg and the root mean square error of prediction () were 31.2 and 27.8 kg and for Angus-Hereford steers the mean bias were -4.0 and -10.5 kg and the RMSEP were 9.14 and 21.5 kg for DGM and IGM, respectively. The FM mean bias for Angus steers were -5.61 and -2.93 kg and the RMSEP were 12.3 and 13.4 kg for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. The decomposition for bias, slope, and deviance were 21%, 12%, and 68% and 5%, 4%, and 91% for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. The modeling efficiencies were 0.38 and 0.27 and the models were within a 20 kg level of tolerance 91% and 88% for CVDS and BeefSpecsDT, respectively. Fat deposition models reported in this review have the potential to assist the beef industry make on-farm management decisions on live cattle before slaughter and improve profitability. Modelers need to continually assess and improve their models but with a caveat of 1) striving to minimize inputs, and 2) choosing on-farm inputs that are readily available.
PubMed: 38800101
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae058 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Degradation of bond strength due to corrosion of steel strands is of great importance for serviceability of prestressed concrete structures. An analytical model is...
Degradation of bond strength due to corrosion of steel strands is of great importance for serviceability of prestressed concrete structures. An analytical model is proposed to demonstrate the effect of corrosion of steel strand on reduction of bond strength. Corrosion expansion force generated by steel strand corrosion before and after corrosion cracking is firstly estimated. Then, the reduced gripping effect of the concrete, change of friction coefficient between the corroded strand and reduction force on the bearing face are considered in calculating the pre-rib extrusion force. Finally, the enhancement of bond strength due to transverse confinement of stirrups is considered and the ultimate bond strength of corroded steel strand is calculated. Comparison of results between the prediction and experimental result shows the proposed model can be used to reasonably evaluate the bond strength. The prediction result of the bond strength model is affected by the degree of strand corrosion, but almost not by the drawing method.
PubMed: 38796584
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62763-z -
STAR Protocols Jun 2024Due to anatomical and biological similarities with humans, pigs are increasingly used for inflammation- and immune-related studies in biomedical research, including the...
Due to anatomical and biological similarities with humans, pigs are increasingly used for inflammation- and immune-related studies in biomedical research, including the field of osteonecrosis and osteoimmunology. Here, we present a protocol for rib extraction, isolation of the bone marrow by centrifugation, and processing to obtain bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Then, we describe the procedures of in vitro experiments to evaluate the cell phenotype. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Andre et al..
Topics: Animals; Ribs; Macrophages; Swine; Cell Separation; Bone Marrow Cells
PubMed: 38795355
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103085 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2024Severe and rigid scoliosis represents a type of spinal deformity characterized by a Cobb angle exceeding 90° and a flexibility of less than 30%. Halo spinal traction...
Radiological and Pulmonary Results of Surgical Treatment of Severe Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Preoperative Halo Gravity Traction Compared with Less Invasive Temporary Internal Distraction in Staged Surgery in Adolescents.
Severe and rigid scoliosis represents a type of spinal deformity characterized by a Cobb angle exceeding 90° and a flexibility of less than 30%. Halo spinal traction remains the established standard for managing severe scoliosis, although alternative approaches such as temporary internal distraction rods and staged surgical correction exist. The primary objective of this investigation was to compare two cohorts of patients treated using these distinct methods to ascertain any divergences in terms of surgical and radiological outcomes, pulmonary function (PF), and quality of life (QoL). : This study encompassed a total of 62 pediatric patients meeting the specified criteria, which included severe idiopathic scoliosis (major Cobb curve >90) and flexibility <30%. Group 1 (G1) underwent surgical intervention involving preoperative Halo gravity traction (HGT) succeeded by posterior spinal fusion (PSF). On the other hand, Group 2 (G2) underwent a two-stage procedure starting with a less invasive temporary internal distraction technique (LITID) prior to PSF. The radiological outcomes, PF, and QoL were documented and assessed over a monitoring period ranging from 2 to 5 years. The average preoperative major curves (MCs) measured 124° and 122° in G1 and G2, respectively ( < 0.426). Initial flexibility, as observed in preoperative bending films, ranged from 18% in G1 to 21% in G2 ( < 0.001). Following the ultimate surgical intervention, the MCs were corrected to 45° and 37.4° in G1 and G2, respectively ( < 0.001). The percentage correction of the MCs was higher in G2 (63% vs. 70% in G1 and G2, respectively), with significant between-group disparities ( < 0.001). The mean preoperative thoracic kyphoses (TKs) were 96.5° in G1 and 92° in G2 ( = 0.782), which were rectified to 45.8° in G1 and 36.2° in G2 ( < 0.001), equating to correction rates of 55% and 60% in the respective groups. Initially, G2 exhibited lower values for the percentage of predicted lung volume (FVC) and predicted FEV1 compared with G1 (49% and 58% vs. 54.5% and 60.8%; N.S.). Nonetheless, both groups demonstrated enhancements in their FVC and FEV1 values over the follow-up period. The surgical management of severe and untreated spinal curvatures in the pediatric and adolescent population can be considered safe, with a tolerable incidence of minor complications. LITID emerges as a method offering improved QoL and pulmonary function, achieving notably substantial average corrections in deformity by 70% in the coronal plane and 60% in the sagittal plane, alongside a mean increase in trunk height of 10.8 cm. Furthermore, a typical reduction of 76% in rib humps and enhancements in respiratory function, as indicated by improvements in 1 s predicted forced expiratory volume (by 25-56%) and forced vital capacity (by 35-65%), were achieved, leading to a clinically and statistically significant enhancement in QoL when evaluated using SRS-22r, without resorting to more radical, high-risk procedures.
PubMed: 38792417
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102875 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) is a constituent of the TGF-β superfamily, known for its ability to stimulate bone and cartilage formation. The investigation of 's...
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) is a constituent of the TGF-β superfamily, known for its ability to stimulate bone and cartilage formation. The investigation of 's involvement in the formation of intermuscular bones in fish has garnered significant attention in recent years. The rib cage is an important skeletal structure that plays a protective function for internal organs in fish. However, there has been limited research conducted on the effects of the bmp6 gene on rib development. Silver carp is one of four major fish in China, favoured for its affordability and tender muscle. Nevertheless, the presence of numerous intermuscular bones in silver carp significantly hinders the advancement of its palatability and suitability for processing. This study showcases the effective utilisation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the purpose of disrupting the gene in silver carp, leading to the creation of chimeras in the P generation, marking the first instance of such an achievement. The chimeras exhibited complete viability, normal appearance, and partial intermuscular bones loss, with approximately 30% of them displaying rib bifurcation or bending. Subsequently, a transcriptome analysis on ribs of P chimeras and wild-type silver carp was conducted, leading to the identification of 934 genes exhibiting differential expression, of which 483 were found to be up-regulated and 451 were found to be down-regulated. The results of the KEGG analysis revealed that the "NF-kappa B signalling pathway", "Hippo signalling pathway", "osteoclast differentiation", and "haematopoietic cell lineage" exhibited enrichment and displayed a significant correlation with bone development. The up-regulated genes such as , , and in pathways may facilitate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts, whereas the down-regulation of genes such as and in pathways may hinder the formation and specialisation of osteoblasts, ultimately resulting in rib abnormalities. This study presents novel findings on the impact of bmp6 gene deletion on the rib development of silver carp, while simultaneously investigating the previously unexplored molecular mechanisms underlying rib defects in fish.
PubMed: 38791669
DOI: 10.3390/ani14101451 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Pork is one of the most widely produced and consumed meats in the world, and it is also an important source of animal protein. The continuous rise in feed prices has...
Pork is one of the most widely produced and consumed meats in the world, and it is also an important source of animal protein. The continuous rise in feed prices has forced the pig industry to consider adding cost-effective alternative feed to pig diets. In this study, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of tuna dark muscle as a nutritional supplement on the growth performance, serum lipids and antioxidant levels of Holland mini-piglets, as well as on the odor and volatile substances of pork and the gut microbiota. Two-month-old male mini-piglets ( = 24) were fed a control diet or supplemented with either 2% (LD) or 4% (HD) tuna dark muscle for 8 weeks. The use of tuna dark muscle at low and high dosages significantly increased the average daily weight gain, but it showed no significant effect on organ indices or blood lipids. In addition, dark muscle treatment significantly increased the antioxidant capacity, characterized by increased SOD and GSH-Px activities, and it decreased the content of MDA in serum. Moreover, tuna dark muscle feeding shifted the odor of rib muscle and tendon meat away from that of the control group, while similar odor patterns were observed in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Among these volatile substances, hexanal, nonanal, and heptanal increased in response to dietary tuna dark muscle and were regarded as indispensable contributors to the feeding. Furthermore, dietary tuna dark muscle modulated the gut microbiota of the piglets, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as butyric acid-producing bacteria, and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria. The feeding strategy reported in this study not only reduces the production costs of pork but also utilizes tuna processing by-products in an environmentally friendly way.
PubMed: 38790877
DOI: 10.3390/foods13101577 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Extending the shelf life of exported beef could increase international demand and producer profits. The objective was to evaluate the effects of topically applying...
Extending the shelf life of exported beef could increase international demand and producer profits. The objective was to evaluate the effects of topically applying combinations of acerola cherry powder and rosemary extract on the shelf life of frozen-thawed bone-in beef short rib and chuck roll steaks. Chuck rolls (IMPS 116A; = 9) and bone-in short ribs (IMPS 123A; = 18) were aged (7 d; 0 °C), frozen (30 d; -20 °C), and thawed (60-72 h; 0 °C). Steaks measuring 1.02 cm thick were treated and subjected to a 4 d retail display. Steaks were left untreated (control) or sprayed topically with acerola cherry powder (0.05%; A), rosemary extract (0.10%; R), or a combination (M1 = 0.05% A + 0.1% R; M2 = 0.1% A + 0.1% R; M3 = 0.05% A + 0.2% R; M4 = 0.1% A + 0.2% R). Chuck roll M2- and M4-treated steaks were redder than the control steaks on days 3 and 4 ( = 0.008), and antioxidant-treated steaks had less lipid oxidation on day 4 than the control steaks ( = 0.021). Bone marrow samples treated with R, M3, and M4 were redder than the control on days 1-3 ( = 0.014), and bone marrow treated with M3 was subjectively redder compared to the control on days 0 and 1 ( = 0.033). Topical antioxidants improve the redness and delay the oxidation of frozen-thawed beef.
PubMed: 38790776
DOI: 10.3390/foods13101476