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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: Mucin has been implicated via various mechanisms in the development and growth of tumour cells. However, mucin expression studies in salivary gland tumours are...
: Mucin has been implicated via various mechanisms in the development and growth of tumour cells. However, mucin expression studies in salivary gland tumours are limited, especially with samples from minor salivary glands. This study aims to investigate and compare mucin expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumours of minor and major salivary gland origins. : Special stains were used to stain neutral mucin (Periodic acid Schiff), sialomucin (Alcian Blue) and sulfomucin (Aldehyde Fuschin) within tissues from six normal salivary glands and 73 salivary gland tumours including 31 pleomorphic adenomas, 27 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 15 adenoid cystic carcinomas. A semi-quantitative approach was used to evaluate mucin expression within ductal lumens. Sialomucin was the most expressed mucin in all salivary gland tumours, regardless of origin. : A significant difference was observed in the mucin expression between benign and malignant salivary gland tumours, as pleomorphic adenoma showed three times significantly higher expression of sialomucin compared to mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma ( = 0.028). Pleomorphic adenomas of major glands showed 42 times significantly higher expression of sialomucin compared to those of minor glands ( = 0.000). : Sialomucin content in pleomorphic adenomas of major glands was vastly increased compared to that in minor glands. Differential sialomucin expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumours suggests a role in diagnosing of borderline salivary gland tumours.
Topics: Humans; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Mucins; Male; Female; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Sialomucins
PubMed: 38929537
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060920 -
Brain Sciences May 2024Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) is a multisystemic, rare, inherited, progressive and adult-onset disease, affecting the sensory-motor nerves, heart,...
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) is a multisystemic, rare, inherited, progressive and adult-onset disease, affecting the sensory-motor nerves, heart, autonomic function, and other organs. There are over 130 mutations known in the gene. The His90Asn mutation has been previously reported in several reports, but its pathogenetic role is still debated. We report two sporadic cases of adult women with a heterozygous His90Asn mutation in gene and neurological involvement extensively investigated. A typical Congo red-positive pathologic deposition of amyloid fibrils in the salivary glands was documented in one subject. Patients were successfully treated with patisiran with a good clinical outcome. These data support a pathogenetic role of His90Asn mutation in hATTR, and suggest early treatment in symptomatic carriers of His90Asn mutation.
PubMed: 38928520
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060519 -
Genes May 2024Molecular radiotherapy (MRT), also known as radioimmunotherapy or targeted radiotherapy, is the delivery of radionuclides to tumours by targeting receptors overexpressed... (Review)
Review
Molecular radiotherapy (MRT), also known as radioimmunotherapy or targeted radiotherapy, is the delivery of radionuclides to tumours by targeting receptors overexpressed on the cancer cell. Currently it is used in the treatment of a few cancer types including lymphoma, neuroendocrine, and prostate cancer. Recently reported outcomes demonstrating improvements in patient survival have led to an upsurge in interest in MRT particularly for the treatment of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, between 30% and 40% of patients do not respond. Further normal tissue exposure, especially kidney and salivary gland due to receptor expression, result in toxicity, including dry mouth. Predictive biomarkers to select patients who will benefit from MRT are crucial. Whilst pre-treatment imaging with imaging versions of the therapeutic agents is useful in demonstrating tumour binding and potentially organ toxicity, they do not necessarily predict patient benefit, which is dependent on tumour radiosensitivity. Transcript-based biomarkers have proven useful in tailoring external beam radiotherapy and adjuvant treatment. However, few studies have attempted to derive signatures for MRT response prediction. Here, transcriptomic studies that have identified genes associated with clinical radionuclide exposure have been reviewed. These studies will provide potential features for seeding multi-component biomarkers of MRT response.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Radioimmunotherapy; Male; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 38927624
DOI: 10.3390/genes15060688 -
PloS One 2024Hirudo nipponia is an important medicinal animal in China. Its salivary gland secretions contain a variety of protein bioactive substances. Investigations of its...
Hirudo nipponia is an important medicinal animal in China. Its salivary gland secretions contain a variety of protein bioactive substances. Investigations of its salivary glands are of great significance in the study of the medicinal value and mechanism of leech secretions. Illumina RNA-Seq technology was used to perform transcriptome sequencing of salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia under starvation (D30) and fed (D0) states. A total of 2,650 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Using the label-free protein quantification technique and bioinformatics analysis, the expression of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia was compared. A total of 2,021 proteins were identified, among which 181 proteins were differentially expressed between the starvation and fed states, with 72 significantly upregulated and 109 significantly downregulated. The salivary glands of H. nipponia synthesized protein-based active substances after 30 days of starvation and adapted to the starvation environment by weakening respiratory activity and reducing metabolic activity to reduce energy expenditure. Energy was produced by glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for the synthesis of substances such as antibiotics. This study combined transcriptome and proteome sequencing data to provide a data reference for an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of salivary gland secretions of H. nipponia under starvation stress by analyzing DEGs and DEPs.
Topics: Animals; Salivary Glands; Transcriptome; Proteome; Starvation; Leeches; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38923974
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304453 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Jun 2024Salivary gland biofabrication represents a promising avenue in regenerative medicine, aiming to address the challenges of salivary gland dysfunction caused by various... (Review)
Review
Salivary gland biofabrication represents a promising avenue in regenerative medicine, aiming to address the challenges of salivary gland dysfunction caused by various factors such as autoimmune diseases and radiotherapy. This review examines the current state of bioprinting technology, biomaterials, and tissue engineering strategies in the context of creating functional, implantable salivary gland constructs. Key considerations include achieving vascularization for proper nutrient supply, maintaining cell viability and functionality during printing, and promoting tissue maturation and integration with surrounding tissues. Despite the existing challenges, recent advancements offer significant potential for the development of personalized therapeutic options to treat salivary gland disorders. Continued research and innovation in this field hold the potential to revolutionize the management of salivary gland conditions, improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This systematic review covers publications from 2018 to April 2024 and was conducted on four databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. The key features necessary for the successful creation, implantation and functioning of bioprinted salivary glands are addressed.
PubMed: 38921525
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060151 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Apr 2024Xerostomia emerges as a consequence of salivary gland hypofunction, and seriously compromises the integrity of hard and soft oral tissues, whileperiodontitis is an... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
UNLABELLED
Xerostomia emerges as a consequence of salivary gland hypofunction, and seriously compromises the integrity of hard and soft oral tissues, whileperiodontitis is an infectious disease characterized by biofilm accumulation, inflammation and alveolar bone resorption.
AIM
The aim this study was to compare the deleterious effects caused by experimental hyposalivation, periodontitis, and the combination of both on periodontal tissues and mandibular biomechanics in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Hyposalivation (group H) was induced through bilateral submandibulectomy. Periodontitis (group EP) was induced by injecting LPS (1 mg/ml) into the gingiva of the first lower molars. A third group was subjected to both conditions (group H+EP). Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis, and gingival inflammatory mediators were assessed by specific techniques. Biomechanical properties were evaluated in mandible.
RESULTS
Alveolar bone loss increased similarly in groups H, EP and H+EP compared to control. Metalloproteinase (MMP2 and MMP9) activity was similar in H and control, but higher in groups EP and H+EP (MMP2: C 9644+2214, EP 34441+3336, H 5818+1532, H+EP 42673+3184; MMP9: C 5792+961, EP 14807+861, H 9295+520, H+EP 4838+1531). The rest of the inflammatory mediators evaluated increased in groups H, EP and H+EP to a greater or lesser extent with respect to the control, although in most cases, they were higher in groups EP and H+EP than in group H. The biomechanical properties of the mandible increased in group H compared to the other three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Both hyposalivation and periodontitis cause periodontal damage, but hyposalivation also produces biomechanical alterations, causing more extensive deleterious effects than periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Periodontitis; Rats; Mandible; Rats, Wistar; Male; Biomechanical Phenomena; Xerostomia; Alveolar Bone Loss
PubMed: 38920126
DOI: 10.54589/aol.37/1/45 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Jun 2024Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a salivary gland tumor, rarely occurs in bronchial mucous glands. Brain metastases are rarely seen which makes for a challenging diagnosis and...
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a salivary gland tumor, rarely occurs in bronchial mucous glands. Brain metastases are rarely seen which makes for a challenging diagnosis and treatment approach. A 40-year-old woman presented with confusion, and ataxia, accompanied by a declining Glasgow Coma Score. Brain computerized tomography revealed two hyperdense, postcontrast-enhanced infra- and supratentorial lesions with perifocal edema. First causing obstructive hydrocephalus. The initial surgery involved external ventricular drainage system placement leading to the patient's clinical improvement. After radiological diagnostics, both lesions were resected without complications. Histopathological analysis revealed solid clusters of atypical, polygonal epithelial cells exhibiting mucin production, classified as a poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma metastasis which originated from the upper lobe's apicoposterior segment and left lung. The correct treatment approach remains elusive due to the infrequent occurrence and challenging diagnosis. While new oncological and radiosurgery options promise improved overall survival rates, radical resection remains the preferred initial option.
PubMed: 38915342
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae413 -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2024Primary non-cutaneous melanoma is a rare type of melanoma that occurs mostly on mucosal surfaces. The head and neck region is the most common site for these melanomas....
Primary non-cutaneous melanoma is a rare type of melanoma that occurs mostly on mucosal surfaces. The head and neck region is the most common site for these melanomas. The following cases described herein include patients diagnosed with primary non-cutaneous melanomas. The locations included the parotid gland (one case), the submandibular gland (one case), and the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (three cases). Among these patients, one patient developed lymph node metastasis and one patient had distant metastasis. Treatment included endoscopic surgery (one case), endoscopic surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (one case), open surgery (one case), and palliative chemotherapy (one case). One patient refused to receive treatment. After treatment, one patient had local recurrence. A local and distant recurrence was noted in one case. This report aims to describe clinical features, treatment options, and prognosis of primary non-cutaneous melanomas of the head and neck.
PubMed: 38911176
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X241262155 -
Cureus May 2024Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that affects the salivary glands. Its notable characteristics include aggressive local growth, infiltration of...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that affects the salivary glands. Its notable characteristics include aggressive local growth, infiltration of nerves (perineural invasion), a propensity to disseminate to other parts of the body (metastasize), and a high likelihood of recurrence. Here, we present the case of a 71-year-old male patient who presented with swelling on the posterior left side of his tongue, which had been causing him difficulty in chewing for the past six months. The parotid gland is frequently impacted in the head and neck area, with the tongue being comparatively uncommon. While distant metastasis is frequent, metastasis to nearby lymph nodes is not as common. However, if it does occur, it is associated with a poor prognosis and reduces the average survival age of the patient. The preferred treatment for ACC is surgical removal with wide resected margins. If it metastasizes to lymph nodes, then adjunct therapy is the treatment modality for the lesion. ACC exhibits three histopathological patterns: solid, tubular, and cribriform. The solid type is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to cribriform type, which typically has a better prognosis. This case, occurring on the tongue, is rare.
PubMed: 38910732
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60825 -
Cureus May 2024In 2015, the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was implemented to eliminate overlapping and disparate morphologies in salivary gland...
OBJECTIVE
In 2015, the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was implemented to eliminate overlapping and disparate morphologies in salivary gland lesions. This approach helps track diagnostic findings, describe the risk of malignancy for each group, and advance therapy based on the results. The research aimed to classify fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears, analyze malignancy risk, correlate cytology with histological diagnosis, and reduce unnecessary surgeries.
METHODOLOGY
We evaluated 217 individuals using FNA, classified their conditions using the Milan System, and followed up on 149 cases through histopathology. Both the risk of malignancy in each cluster and the total risk of malignancy were noted.
RESULTS
The most recent studies, as reported by the MSRSGC, found almost universal agreement about this grouping. The FNA cytopathology test demonstrated a sensitivity of 75% for identifying salivary gland abnormalities and a specificity of 93.16%. The findings indicated that the test had an accuracy of 89.66%, with a positive predictive value of 72.41% and a negative predictive value of 93.97%.
CONCLUSION
The MSRSGC offers a standardized technique for examining the results and assists the physician in determining the treatment plan that will be most beneficial.
PubMed: 38910680
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60842