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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the world's industrialized nations' biggest issues. It has a significant influence on the ecosystem and negatively affects human... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the world's industrialized nations' biggest issues. It has a significant influence on the ecosystem and negatively affects human health. The overuse of antibiotics in the healthcare and agri-food industries has historically been defined as a leading factor, although the use of antimicrobial-containing personal care products plays a significant role in the spread of AMR. Lotions, creams, shampoos, soaps, shower gels, toothpaste, fragrances, and other items are used for everyday grooming and hygiene. However, in addition to the primary ingredients, additives are included to help preserve the product by lowering its microbial load and provide disinfection properties. These same substances are released into the environment, escaping traditional wastewater treatment methods and remaining in ecosystems where they contact microbial communities and promote the spread of resistance. The study of antimicrobial compounds, which are often solely researched from a toxicological point of view, must be resumed considering the recent discoveries, to highlight their contribution to AMR. Parabens, triclocarban, and triclosan are among the most worrying chemicals. To investigate this issue, more effective models must be chosen. Among them, zebrafish is a crucial study system because it allows for the assessment of both the risks associated with exposure to these substances as well as environmental monitoring. Furthermore, artificial intelligence-based computer systems are useful in simplifying the handling of antibiotic resistance data and speeding up drug discovery processes.
PubMed: 37107085
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040724 -
Environmental Toxicology and... Jun 2023Personal care products (PCPs) are those compounds used daily (e.g., soaps, shampoos, deodorants, and toothpaste), explaining their frequent detection in aquatic systems....
Personal care products (PCPs) are those compounds used daily (e.g., soaps, shampoos, deodorants, and toothpaste), explaining their frequent detection in aquatic systems. Still, scarce information is available on their effects on inhabiting wildlife. Among the most commonly used PCPs is the surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS). The present study investigated the influence of temperature (CTL 17 ºC vs 22 ºC) on the effects of SLS (0 mg/L vs 4 mg/L) in the mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels' general health status was investigated, assessing their metabolic and oxidative stress responses. Higher biochemical alterations were observed in SLS-exposed mussels and warming enhanced the impacts, namely in terms of biotransformation capacity and loss of redox homeostasis, which may result in consequences to population maintenance, especially if under additional environmental stressors. These results confirm M. galloprovincialis as an excellent bioindicator of PCPs pollution, and the need to consider actual and predicted climate changes.
Topics: Animals; Temperature; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Biomarkers; Oxidative Stress; Mytilus; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37088267
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104132 -
Forensic Toxicology Jul 2023Micro-segmental analysis (MSA), which enables the measurement of detailed drug distributions in hair by segmenting a single hair strand at 0.4 mm intervals, is...
PURPOSE
Micro-segmental analysis (MSA), which enables the measurement of detailed drug distributions in hair by segmenting a single hair strand at 0.4 mm intervals, is indispensable for estimating the day of drug ingestion. However, haircare with dryers and various products can influence drug concentrations in hair. Therefore, the applicability of MSA to hair that was treated with heat or various haircare products was evaluated.
METHODS
Reference hair strands containing drugs consistently along the hair shafts were collected from patients who ingested four hay-fever medicines (fexofenadine, epinastine, cetirizine, and loratadine) daily for 4 months. The hair strands were divided into eight 4 mm regions from the proximal end, and each region was placed on an electric hot plate at 100-200 °C or soaked in haircare products, such as shampoo and bleaching agent. The hair regions were subjected to MSA. Moreover, after a patient was administered midazolam at a single dose and the hair was bleached, the day of midazolam administration was estimated using MSA.
RESULTS
Repetitive heating for 1 min and daily haircare products, such as shampoo, hardly affected the drugs in hair, whereas bleaching products containing HO decreased the amounts of hay-fever medicines in the hair up to 58%. However, the amount of midazolam did not decrease in bleached hair and the day of midazolam administration was successfully estimated.
CONCLUSIONS
The analytes used in this study were minimally affected by ordinary haircare and could be detected even in bleached hair. Therefore, MSA can be applicable regardless of haircare history.
Topics: Humans; Midazolam; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen Peroxide; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Hair
PubMed: 37060498
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00663-z -
ACS Omega Mar 2023Hair is exposed to harmful factors such as sunlight, pollution, cosmetic applications, and cleaning every day. With lost moisture, the hair is worn out, loses shine, and...
Hair is exposed to harmful factors such as sunlight, pollution, cosmetic applications, and cleaning every day. With lost moisture, the hair is worn out, loses shine, and exhibits color changes in the case of dyed hair. In this study, the effects of herbal oils on hair were investigated by comparing the properties with measurements. Three different types of hair were used: natural (unprocessed), damaged, and dyed hair. After washing hair with a base shampoo, herbal oils were applied, and brightness, color changes, elasticity, and breaking points were examined. Safflower seed oil, grape seed oil, and rosehip oil were applied to the samples. It was tried to regain the properties that have decreased as a result of shampoo application in the hair with the applied oils. The highest gloss was observed with grape seed oil, and according to color change calculations, the best result was seen with safflower seed oil. Tensile-strain testing was performed for all samples, and rosehip oil gave the best results. The changes in hair fractures were examined with a scanning electron microscope, and grape seed oil was the best for all hair types. When all analyses were evaluated, the best performing herbal oil was grape seed oil. All analysis results showed that herbal oils can be used in the cosmetics industry with different applications.
PubMed: 36910971
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06550 -
Environmental Research May 2023Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from personal care products may be associated with birth outcomes including preterm birth and low birth...
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from personal care products may be associated with birth outcomes including preterm birth and low birth weight. There is limited research examining the role of personal care product use during pregnancy on birth outcomes. Our pilot study consisted of 164 participants in the Environmental Reproductive and Glucose Outcomes (ERGO) study (Boston, MA), with data on self-reported personal care product use at four study visits throughout pregnancy (product use in the 48 h before a study visit and hair product use in the month before a study visit). We used covariate-adjusted linear regression models to estimate differences in mean gestational age at delivery, birth length, and sex-specific birth weight-for-gestational age (BW-for-GA) Z-score based on personal care product use. Hair product use in the past month prior to certain study visits was associated with decreased mean sex-specific BW-for-GA Z-scores. Notably, hair oil use in the month prior to study visit 1 was associated with a lower mean BW-for-GA Z-score (V1: -0.71, 95% confidence interval: -1.12, -0.29) compared to non-use. Across all study visits (V1-V4), increased mean birth length was observed among nail polish users vs. non-users. In comparison, decreased mean birth length was observed among shave cream users vs. non-users. Liquid soap, shampoo, and conditioner use at certain study visits were significantly associated with higher mean birth length. Suggestive associations were observed across study visits for other products including hair gel/spray with BW-for-GA Z-score and liquid/bar soap with gestational age. Overall, use of a variety of personal care products throughout pregnancy was observed to be associated with our birth outcomes of interest, notably hair oil use during early pregnancy. These findings may help inform future interventions/clinical recommendations to reduce exposures linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Pregnancy; Male; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pilot Projects; Soaps; Premature Birth; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Cosmetics; Birth Weight
PubMed: 36868449
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115583 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2022Primary scarring alopecias (PSAs) are a rare group of dermatological disorders with overlapping clinical features. They result in permanent hair loss and significant...
BACKGROUND
Primary scarring alopecias (PSAs) are a rare group of dermatological disorders with overlapping clinical features. They result in permanent hair loss and significant psychological morbidity.
AIMS
To analyze the clinico-epidemiology of PSAs of the scalp, along with clinico-pathological correlation.
METHODS
We conducted a cross sectional, observational study including 53 histopathologically confirmed cases of PSA. Clinico-demographic parameters, hair care practices, and histologic characteristics were noted and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 53 patients (mean age 30.9 ± 8.1 years, M: F 1:1.2, median duration 4 years) with PSA, lichen planopilaris (LPP) was most common (39.6%, 21/53), followed by pseudopelade of Brocq [30.2%, 16/53], discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) [16.9%, 9/53], and non-specific scarring alopecia (SA) (7.5%, 4/53), while central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), folliculitis decalvans, and acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) accounted for 1 case each. Forty-seven patients (88.7%) demonstrated predominant lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, while basal cell degeneration and follicular plugging were the commonest histological changes. Perifollicular erythema and dermal mucin deposition were noted in all patients with DLE (both < 0.05). Nail involvement ( = 0.004) and mucosal involvement ( = 0.8) were more common in LPP. Single alopecic patches were characteristic of DLE and CCCA. Hair care practices (non-medicated shampoo > oil) had no significant association with the subtype of PSA. ( = 0.4).
CONCLUSION
PSAs are a diagnostic challenge for dermatologists. Thus, histology and clinico-pathological correlation should be performed in all cases for proper diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 36865858
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_540_21 -
Veterinary Sciences Jan 2023The study aimed to evaluate the tolerance, performance and effect on hair lipids and skin hydration of a protocol combining applications of one shampoo and subsequent...
The study aimed to evaluate the tolerance, performance and effect on hair lipids and skin hydration of a protocol combining applications of one shampoo and subsequent mousses containing plant extracts (Ophytrium and Seboliance) in dogs with an undiagnosed chronic greasy keratinisation disorder. Six dogs were washed with plain water on day (D)0. Twelve dogs were shampooed on D0 and received eight mousse applications at 48-72 h intervals from D2 to D18. Clinical score (CS), Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMF) and hair lipids (HL) were evaluated on D0, D0 + 4 h, D7, D14 and D24. At baseline, no significant differences were observed in CS, NMF and HL between groups. In the control group, CS and HL remained stable throughout the study while a slight decrease in NMF was observed at D0 + 4 h. CS was significantly reduced in the test group between D0 and D7 (-53%) which reached 91% at D24 ( < 0.05), with no side effects. NMF levels decreased in the test group at D0 + 4 h (-73%, < 0.0001) and returned to baseline from D14. In conclusion, one shampoo and subsequent mousse applications rapidly and safely improved coat quality in dogs with an undiagnosed keratinisation disorder without affecting NMF and HL contents over the study period.
PubMed: 36851399
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020095 -
Cell Proliferation Aug 2023Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is a chemical softener and plasticizer commonly used in toys, food packaging, wallpaper, detergents and shampoos. The estrogenic actions of...
Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is a chemical softener and plasticizer commonly used in toys, food packaging, wallpaper, detergents and shampoos. The estrogenic actions of BBP have detrimental effects on humans and animals. In this study, the specific influence of BBP on mouse oocyte maturation was investigated using in vivo and in vitro models. The experiment first verified that BBP exposure significantly affected the rate of oocyte exclusion of the first polar body, although it did not affect germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) through in vitro oocyte culture system. Results of in vitro fertilization show that BBP exposure affects blastocyst rate. Subsequently, the results obtained by immunofluorescence staining technology showed that oocyte spindle organization, chromosomal arrangement and the distribution of cortical actin were disrupted by BBP exposure, and led to the failure of oocyte meiotic maturation and the subsequent early embryo development. Singe-cell transcriptome analysis found that BBP exposure altered the expression levels of 588 genes, most associated with mitochondria-related oxidative stress. Further analysis demonstrated that the detrimental effects of BBP involved the disruption of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress-induced early apoptosis. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation reduced the adverse effects of BBP. Collectively, these findings revealed a mechanism of BBP-induced toxicity on female reproduction and showed that NMN provides an effective treatment for BBP actions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Animals; Mice; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Oocytes; Phthalic Acids; Oxidative Stress; Nucleotides; Apoptosis
PubMed: 36756972
DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13419 -
Skin Health and Disease Feb 2023Hair is valued by all individuals especially women. The perception of beauty is specific to everyone. In order to fulfil their ideal beauty, women use various methods to...
BACKGROUND
Hair is valued by all individuals especially women. The perception of beauty is specific to everyone. In order to fulfil their ideal beauty, women use various methods to modify their hair's appearance. Afro hair is particularly fragile, so using these methods can be particularly deleterious for black women's hair.
OBJECTIVES
Describe hair care practices of women living in Yaoundé, determine the prevalence of traction alopecia (TA) and describe its clinical profile.
METHODS
We carried out a cross-sectional study in hairdressing saloon in Yaoundé. A questionnaire was administered and scalp exams were performed to determine Marginal TA severity score.
RESULTS
We included 223 women with a mean age of 24.9 ± 7 years. The prevalence of TA was 34.5%. Mild and moderate stages were most represented. As far as haircare is concerned, extensions were regularly used by 95.1% of participants. Wigs were regularly worn by 58.7% of participants. Chemical hair straightening was done by 87.9% of women and was performed twice to thrice a year by 43.9%. Almost 76% of women used hair straightener and hair dryer. Hair washing was done monthly by 43.8% of participants and the main cosmetic used was shampoo (75.3%).
CONCLUSION
Traction alopecia is a very common disease in women living in Yaoundé. Extensions, wigs and shampooing are their main hair care practices.
PubMed: 36751322
DOI: 10.1002/ski2.158 -
Toxicological Research Jan 2023Cosmetics, especially rinse-off personal care products (PCPs), such as shampoo, facial cleanser, and body wash, are composed of various chemicals and are one of the...
Cosmetics, especially rinse-off personal care products (PCPs), such as shampoo, facial cleanser, and body wash, are composed of various chemicals and are one of the sources of chemicals released into aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the cosmetic industry strives to reduce the impact of their products on the aquatic environment. In this study, we proposed an algorithm based on persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity (PBT) for the environmental risk assessment of cosmetics. PBT features are generally used in the evaluation of the environmental impact of chemicals. Based on the PBT assessment, it is possible to predict the short- and long-term effects of chemicals on the environment. Our algorithm derives substance and product scores from PBT features, allowing for the risk assessment of each ingredient in the product. Furthermore, we proposed a criterion for the environmental impact grade through which each component can be classified. We intend to use this grade and factors determined through the algorithm to manufacture products with low environmental impact.
PubMed: 36726825
DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00143-3