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Heliyon May 2024This study aims to investigate the use of sodium iodide (NaI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate as cone-beam CT (CBCT) contrast agents for...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the use of sodium iodide (NaI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate as cone-beam CT (CBCT) contrast agents for diagnosing cracked teeth. The optimal delay time for detecting the number of crack lines beyond the dentino-enamel junction (Nd), the number of cracks extending from the occlusal surface to the pulp cavity (Np), and the depth of the crack lines was explored.
METHODS
14 human extracted cracked teeth were collected, 12 were used for enhanced scanning, and 2 were used for exploring the characteristic of crack lines. The teeth were scanned in 3 CBCT enhanced scanning (ES) modes: ES1 using meglumine diatrizoate (MD); ES2 using NaI and DMSO, ES3 using NaI, DMSO, ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate. Three delay times (15mins, 30mins, and 60mins) were set for scanning. Nd, Np, and depth of crack lines were evaluated.
RESULTS
There were totally 24 crack lines on 12 cracked teeth. Nd was 10 in ES1 at 60mins, 24 in ES2 at 60mins and 24 in ES3 at 15mins. Np was 1 in ES1 at 60mins, 10 in ES2 at 60mins and 21 in ES3 at 60mins, and there were significantly different among them ( < 0.01). The average depth presented on ES3 was significantly deeper than ES1 and ES2 ( < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
NaI, DMSO, ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate show potential as contrast agents for enhanced CBCT scanning in diagnosis of cracked teeth and their depth . A delay time of 15 min is necessary to confirm the existence of crack lines, while a longer delay time is required to ascertain if these crack lines extend to the pulp cavity.
PubMed: 38774323
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31036 -
RSC Advances May 2024In this study, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used to create ternary blends reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite...
In this study, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used to create ternary blends reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay. Tramadol was used as a model drug to assess the efficacy of these ternary blends as drug delivery systems. The current work demonstrated the highly controlled release of tramadol transdermal administration. The results of the FTIR investigation revealed the compatibility of the blending components. Among non-drug-loaded formulations, MC6 is the most stable with a 17.6% weight residue at 505 °C and MC11 is the most stable of all the drug-loaded and non-drug-loaded formulations with a weight residue of 22.0% at 505 °C. The XRD studies of the prepared formulations showed crystalline behavior. However, the SEM analysis revealed that no gaps or mixing components were uniformly dispersed in the nanocomposites. Pharmaceutical tests, such as swelling, dissolution, and permeation rates, revealed a strong influence of the PVA concentration. There was a uniform distribution of drug throughout the films with maximum encapsulation efficiency found for MC7 (96.09 ± 0.31) and minimum encapsulation efficiency for MC11 (90.56 ± 0.34)%. Compared to the sodium acetate (pH 4.5) and potassium phosphate buffers (pH 6.8) the swelling and erosion were higher in hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 1.2). An increase in PVA concentration (or decrease in PVP concentration) increases the swelling, dissolution, and permeation rates. In addition, erosion increased with increasing PVP concentration. Furthermore, the nanoclay-reinforced composite showed high permeation. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the produced nanocomposite could be used as an efficient transdermal drug delivery system.
PubMed: 38752154
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02959c -
Physiological Reports May 2024We have previously reported that the subfornical organ (SFO) does not contribute to the chronic hypertensive response to DOCA-salt in rats, and yet the organum...
We have previously reported that the subfornical organ (SFO) does not contribute to the chronic hypertensive response to DOCA-salt in rats, and yet the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) plays a significant role in the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Since efferent fibers of the OVLT project to and through the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the MnPO is necessary for DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent SHAM (MnPOsham; n = 5) or electrolytic lesion of the MnPO (MnPOx; n = 7) followed by subsequent unilateral nephrectomy and telemetry instrumentation. After recovery and during the experimental protocol, rats consumed a 0.1% NaCl diet and 0.9% NaCl drinking solution. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded telemetrically 5 days before and 21 days after DOCA implantation (100 mg/rat; SQ). The chronic pressor response to DOCA was attenuated in MnPOx rats by Day 11 of treatment and continued such that MAP increased 25 ± 3 mmHg in MnPOsham rats by Day 21 of DOCA compared to 14 ± 3 mmHg in MnPOx rats. These results support the hypothesis that the MnPO is an important brain site of action and necessary for the full development of DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate; Preoptic Area; Hypertension; Rats; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 38749925
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16046 -
Experimental and Molecular Pathology Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sperm function-preserving properties of sodium acetate (ACE), a histone...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sperm function-preserving properties of sodium acetate (ACE), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D).
MAIN METHODS
Littermate Wistar rats of identical weight were subjected to sham surgery or testicular T/D by rotating the left testis at 720° around its axis along the spermatic cord clockwise and fixing it in this position for two and a half hours. 1 h before detorsion, T/D + ACE-treated rats were treated with ACE (200 mg/kg/day, per os) while T/D rats were vehicle-treated by administering 0.5 mL of distilled water. After 72 h, animals were euthanized, and the left testes were harvested for bio-molecular and histological analysis.
KEY FINDINGS
Acetate administration attenuated T/D-induced rises in serum and testicular HDAC and testicular xanthine oxidase, uric acid, MDA, GSSG, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NFkB, HIF-1α, and VCAM-1. In addition, acetate treatment alleviated T/D-induced decline in sperm quality (count, motility, viability, and normal morphology) and testicular 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, testosterone, GSH, GSH/GSSG, SOD, catalase, GPx, GST, Nrf2, and HO-1. Furthermore, acetate prevented T/D-distorted testicular histoarchitecture and spermatogenic germ cell loss.
SIGNIFICANCE
Sodium acetate during the post-ischaemic phase of testicular T/D may be beneficial in preventing I/R injury and maintaining fertility.
Topics: Male; Animals; Reperfusion Injury; Rats, Wistar; Testis; Rats; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Sodium Acetate; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Spermatozoa; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
PubMed: 38749364
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104901 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials Jun 2024Magnetic separation is a promising alternative to chromatography for enhancing the downstream processing (DSP) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, there is a lack...
Magnetic separation is a promising alternative to chromatography for enhancing the downstream processing (DSP) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, there is a lack of efficient magnetic particles for successful application. Aiming to fill this gap, we demonstrate the suitability of bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BION) with physical site-directed immobilization of an engineered Protein A affinity ligand (rSpA) as an innovative magnetic material. The rSpA ligand contains a short peptide tag that enables the direct and stable immobilization onto the uncoated BION surface without commonly required laborious particle activation. The resulting BION@rSpA have beneficial characteristics outperforming conventional Protein A-functionalized magnetic particles: a simple, fast, low-cost synthesis, a particle size in the nanometer range with a large effective specific surface area enabling large immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding capacity, and a high magnetophoretic velocity advantageous for fast processing. We further show rapid interactions of IgG with the easily accessible rSpA ligands. The binding of IgG to BION@rSpA is thereby highly selective and not impeded by impurity molecules in perfusion cell culture supernatant. Regarding the subsequent acidic IgG elution from BION@rSpA@IgG, we observed a hampering pH increase caused by the protonation of large iron oxide surfaces after concentrating the particles in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer. However, the pH can be stabilized by adding 50 mM glycine to the elution buffer, resulting in recoveries above 85% even at high particle concentrations. Our work shows that BION@rSpA enable efficient magnetic mAb separation and could help to overcome emerging bottlenecks in DSP.
Topics: Particle Size; Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles; Ligands; Immunoglobulin G; Materials Testing; Biocompatible Materials; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Staphylococcal Protein A; Surface Properties; Ferric Compounds
PubMed: 38740514
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00280 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Apr 2024The consumption of poultry eggs has increased in recent years owing to the abundance of production and improvements in living standards. Thus, the safety requirements of...
The consumption of poultry eggs has increased in recent years owing to the abundance of production and improvements in living standards. Thus, the safety requirements of poultry eggs have gradually increased. At present, few reports on analytical methods to determine banned veterinary drugs during egg-laying period in poultry eggs have been published. Therefore, establishing high-throughput and efficient screening methods to monitor banned veterinary drugs during egg-laying period is imperative. In this study, an analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with QuEChERS-based techniques was developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 banned veterinary drugs encompassing nine drug classes (macrolides, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, sulfonamides, antibacterial synergists, anticoccidials, antinematodes, quinolones, tetracyclines, amphenicols) in different types of poultry eggs. The main factors affecting the response, recovery, and sensitivity of the method, such as the extraction solvent, purification adsorbent, LC separation conditions, and MS/MS parameters, were optimized during sample pretreatment and instrumental analysis. The 31 veterinary drug residues in 2.00 g eggs were extracted with 2 mL of 0.1 mol/L ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium solution and 8 mL 3% acetic acid acetonitrile solution, and salted out with 2 g of sodium chloride. After centrifugation, 5 mL of the supernatant was cleaned-up using the QuEChERS method with 100 mg of octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel (C), 50 mg of -propylethylenediamine (PSA), and 50 mg of NH-based sorbents. After nitrogen blowing and redissolution, the 31 target analytes were separated on a Waters CORTECS UPLC C analytical chromatographic column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) at a flow rate, column temperature, and injection volume of 0.4 mL/min, 30 ℃, and 5 μL, respectively. Among these analytes, 26 analytes were acquired in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode under positive electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions using (A) 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) and (B) acetonitrile as mobile phases. The gradient elution program was as follows: 0-2.0 min, 12%B-30%B; 2.0-7.5 min, 30%B-50%B; 7.5-10.0 min, 50%B; 10.0-10.1 min, 50%B-100%B; 10.1-12.0 min, 100%B; 12.0-12.1 min, 100%B-12%B; The five other target analytes were acquired in MRM mode under negative electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions using (A) HO and (B) acetonitrile as mobile phases. The gradient elution program was as follows: 0-2.0 min, 12%B-40%B; 2.0-6.0 min, 40%B-80%B; 6.0-6.1 min, 80%B-100%B; 6.1-8.0 min, 100%B; 8.0-8.1 min, 100%B-12%B. Matrix-matched external standard calibration was used for quantification. The results showed that all the compounds had good linear relationships within their respective ranges, with correlation coefficients of >0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) were 0.3-3.0 μg/kg and 1.0-10.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of the 31 banned veterinary drugs spiked at three levels (LOQ, maximum residue limit (MRL), and 2MRL) in poultry eggs ranged from 61.2% to 105.7%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 1.8% to 17.6%. The developed method was used to detect and analyze banned veterinary drugs in 30 commercial poultry egg samples, including 20 eggs, 5 duck eggs, and 5 goose eggs. Enrofloxacin was detected in one egg with a content of 12.3 μg/kg. The proposed method is simple, economical, practical, and capable of the simultaneous determination of multiple classes of banned veterinary drugs in poultry eggs.
Topics: Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Animals; Veterinary Drugs; Eggs; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Residues; Poultry; Food Contamination
PubMed: 38736385
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.11015 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels...
We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels in alcohols and aqueous mixtures of high-polar solvents. Rheological studies showed that the DMSO/water (1:1, /) gels were mechanically stronger compared to other gels, and a similar trend was observed for thermal stability. Powder X-ray analysis of the xerogel obtained from various aqueous gels revealed that the packing modes of the gelators in these systems were similar. The stimuli-responsive properties of the N-BTA towards sodium/potassium salts indicated that the gel network collapsed in the presence of more nucleophilic anions such as cyanide, fluoride, and chloride salts at the MGC, but the gel network was intact when in contact with nitrate, sulphate, acetate, bromide, and iodide salts, indicating the anion-responsive properties of N-BTA gels. Anion-induced gel formation was observed for less nucleophilic anions below the MGC of N-BTA. The ability of N-BTA gels to act as an adsorbent for hazardous anionic and cationic dyes in water was evaluated. The results indicated that the ethanolic gels of N-BTA successfully absorbed methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from water. This work demonstrates the potential of the N-BTA gelator to act as a stimuli-responsive material and a promising candidate for water purification.
PubMed: 38731640
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092149 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal interactions between three short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), namely, acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and pathogenic bacteria...
This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal interactions between three short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), namely, acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and pathogenic bacteria () in intestinal explants of European sea bass () juveniles. The anterior intestine of 12 fish with an average weight of 100 g (killed by excess anesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol) were sampled and placed in 24-well plates. The experimental treatments consisted of a control medium and a control plus 1 mM or 10 mM of sodium acetate (SA), sodium butyrate (SB), and sodium propionate (SP). After 2 h of incubation, the explants were challenged with at 1 × 10 CFU/mL for 2 h. After the bacterial challenge, and regardless of the SCFA treatment, the oxidative stress-related genus catalase () and superoxide dismutase () were down-regulated and glutathione peroxidase () was up-regulated. Furthermore, the immune-related genes, i.e., the tumor necrosis factor (), interleukin 8 (), transforming growth factor (), and nuclear factor () were also up-regulated, and interleukin 10 () was down-regulated. During the pre-challenge, sodium propionate and sodium butyrate seemed to bind the G-protein coupled receptor (), increasing its expression. During the challenge, citrate synthase () was down-regulated, indicating that the SCFAs were used as an energy source to increase the immune and oxidative responses. Overall, our results suggest that sodium propionate and sodium butyrate may boost European sea bass immune response at the intestine level.
PubMed: 38731364
DOI: 10.3390/ani14091360 -
EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry May 2024Automated [Zr]Zr-radiolabeling processes have the potential to streamline the production of [Zr]Zr-labelled PET imaging agents. Most radiolabeling protocols use...
BACKGROUND
Automated [Zr]Zr-radiolabeling processes have the potential to streamline the production of [Zr]Zr-labelled PET imaging agents. Most radiolabeling protocols use [Zr][Zr(ox)] as the starting material and oxalate is removed after radiolabeling. In some instances, radiolabeling with [Zr]ZrCl as starting material gives better radiochemical yields at lower reaction temperatures. In this work, a fully-automated process for production of [Zr]ZrCl is reported and its use for the synthesis of [Zr]ZrDFOSq-bisPhPSMA and [Zr]ZrDFOSq-TATE.
RESULTS
A simple automated process for the isolation of [Zr]ZrCl by trapping [Zr][Zr(ox)] on a bicarbonate-activated strong anion exchange cartridge followed by elution with 0.1 M HCl in 1 M NaCl was developed. [Zr]ZrCl was routinely recovered from [Zr][Zr(ox)] in > 95% yield in mildly acidic solution of 0.1 M HCl in 1 M NaCl using a fully-automated process. The [Zr]ZrCl was neutralized with sodium acetate buffer (0.25 M) removing the requirement for cumbersome manual neutralization with strong base. The mixture of [Zr]ZrCl was used for direct automated radiolabeling reactions to produce [Zr]Zr-DFOSquaramide-bisPhPSMA and [Zr]ZrDFOSquaramide-TATE in 80-90% over all RCY in > 95% RCP.
CONCLUSIONS
This method for the production of [Zr]ZrCl does not require removal of HCl by evaporation making this process relatively fast and efficient. The fully automated procedures for the production of [Zr]ZrCl and its use in radiolabeling are well suited to support the centralized and standardized manufacture of multiple dose preparations of zirconium-89 based radiopharmaceuticals.
PubMed: 38717578
DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00270-2 -
Scientific Reports May 2024An experimental design and response surface methodologies using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were applied for selecting and optimizing the most appropriate...
An experimental design and response surface methodologies using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were applied for selecting and optimizing the most appropriate parameters which significantly affect the separation and quantitative estimation of five skeletal muscle relaxants and four analgesic drugs (baclofen, methocarbamol, dantrolene sodium, orphenadrine citrate, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, ketoprofen, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid) with a relatively short duration of analysis in a single run. For the separation of the nine drugs, an INERTSIL ODS-V3-5 µm C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm I.D.) was used with the optimum mobile phase conditions (45.15 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.56 adjusted with acetic acid, acetonitrile, and methanol in a ratio of 30.5:29.5:40, v/v/v with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min) and UV-detection at 220 nm. The optimized method was successfully subjected to the validation steps as described in ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity. The optimized and validated method was effectively applied to determine the content of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations and to expand its applicability to the counterfeit estimation of etoricoxib in different brands of tablet dosage forms.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Analgesics; Neuromuscular Agents; Reproducibility of Results; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Research Design
PubMed: 38710733
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58381-4