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Biomedicines Sep 2022The ongoing epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection led to the search for fundamentally new ways and means to combat inflammation and other pathologies caused by this...
The ongoing epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection led to the search for fundamentally new ways and means to combat inflammation and other pathologies caused by this virus. Using a cellular model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis (human promonocytes), we showed that both a hydrogen sulfide donor (sodium thiosulfate, STS) and a recombinant Heat shock protein 70 (rHsp70) effectively block all major inflammatory mediators when administrated before and after LPS challenge. The protective anti-inflammatory effect of rHsp70 and HS was also confirmed in vivo using various animal models of pneumonia. Specifically, it was found that rHsp70 injections prevented the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome in highly pathogenic pneumonia in mice, increased animal survival, and reduced the number of Programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Based on our model experiments we developed a combined two-phase therapeutic approach for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This procedure includes the inhalation of hot helium-oxygen mixtures for induction of endogenous Hsp70 in the first phase and STS inhalation in the second phase. The use of this approach has yielded positive results in COVID-19 patients, reducing the area of lung lesions, restoring parameters of innate immunity and T-cell immune response against coronavirus infection, and preventing the development of pulmonary fibrosis and immune exhaustion syndrome.
PubMed: 36140256
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092155 -
Medicine Sep 2022Thus far, barium poisoning has been seldom reported and the metabolism of barium in human body has not been explored.
RATIONALE
Thus far, barium poisoning has been seldom reported and the metabolism of barium in human body has not been explored.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 21-year-old young man was taken to the local hospital by "120 emergency medical services" after a suicidal attempt. About 100 mL of barium chloride solution with a concentration of 100 g/L was ingested, while the actual amount of ingested barium chloride solution was unclear because of immediate vomiting after the ingestion.
DIAGNOSES
About 2 hours after the suicidal ingestion, the patient was presented with somnolence, the pulse rate was 67 beats per minute, the blood pressure was 158/92 mm Hg, but he exhibited no nausea or vomiting. About 3 hours after the ingestion, the blood concentration of potassium was 1.5 mmol/L.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient received gastric lavage by magnesium sulfate solution, intravenous sodium thiosulfate, and potassium supplementation. Other symptomatic treatments were applied simultaneously. To investigate the metabolism of barium in the human body, we measured the concentration of barium in 9 groups of paired serum and urine samples sequentially collected from the patient.
OUTCOMES
The patient was rescued successfully.
LESSONS
The serum concentration of barium decreased rapidly in the first 24 hours. In this period, prompt and massive potassium supplementation and other symptomatic treatments are effective and recommended.
Topics: Adult; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Eating; Human Body; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Potassium; Suicidal Ideation; Vomiting; Young Adult
PubMed: 36123883
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030571 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022To evaluate intermediate treatments between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate irrigations for the prevention of a toxic brown precipitate in root canal...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate intermediate treatments between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate irrigations for the prevention of a toxic brown precipitate in root canal therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-nine premolars were irrigated with 6% sodium hypochlorite and divided into either: No intermediate treatment; Dry paper points; three different irrigations with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, deionized water, or 5% sodium thiosulfate. 2% chlorhexidine gluconate was the final irrigant in all groups. Sectioned teeth were analyzed for brown precipitate intensity and area using stereomicroscopy and components related to para-chloroaniline using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS).
RESULTS
Stereomicroscopy showed that 5% STS significantly reduced brown precipitate intensity and area as compared with no intermediate irrigation (p < .05, Chi-square, generalized linear model, and Tukey's multiple comparison tests). Utilizing ToF-SIMS, 5% sodium thiosulfate was most effective in reducing the components representing para-chloroaniline and chlorhexidine gluconate.
CONCLUSION
The 5% sodium thiosulfate was most effective among other intermediate treatments, assessed by stereomicroscopy and ToF-SIMS.
Topics: Sodium Hypochlorite; Root Canal Irrigants; Chemical Precipitation
PubMed: 36102230
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.654 -
Journal of Materials Engineering and... 2023This work deals with the development of cyanide-free copper-silver electroplated coatings on AISI-1075 steel and its corrosion behavior under a 5% NaClO solution...
This work deals with the development of cyanide-free copper-silver electroplated coatings on AISI-1075 steel and its corrosion behavior under a 5% NaClO solution (commercial household bleach). A cyanide-free bath based on sodium thiosulfate was employed to obtain the silver coatings using current densities from 0.2 to 5.0 mA/cm and different concentrations of EDTA (additive). The evolution of the open circuit potential with time showed that silver is anodic with respect to copper, so there were no intense attacks in the silver pores. Adhesion measurements were made on both coatings by the tape test. The behavior against corrosion was evaluated by polarization resistance (Rp) in samples with the best coating adhesion. The best results were obtained with a silver coating of about 20 μm in thickness deposited on copper coating previously polished with colloidal silica. The best performance was attributed to the formation of AgCl as demonstrated by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
PubMed: 36068855
DOI: 10.1007/s11665-022-07270-w -
Current Opinion in Rheumatology Nov 2022The aim of this study was to provide updated information on the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of calcinosis cutis associated with systemic... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of this study was to provide updated information on the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of calcinosis cutis associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
RECENT FINDINGS
Observational studies show ethnic and geographical differences in the prevalence of calcinosis. In addition to clinical and serological associations, biochemical studies and in-vivo models have attempted to explain theories behind its pathogenesis, including prolonged state of inflammation, mechanical stress, hypoxia and dysregulation in bone and phosphate metabolism. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk for calcinosis in SSc. Few single-centre observational studies have shown mild benefit with minocycline and topical sodium thiosulfate.
SUMMARY
Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of insoluble calcium in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It affects up to 40% of SSc patients and causes significant morbidity. Long disease duration, features of vascular dysfunction and osteoporosis have been associated with calcinosis. Altered levels of inorganic pyrophosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 have been implicated in dysregulated phosphate metabolism that may lead to calcinosis in SSc. Plain radiography can help with diagnosis and quantifying the calcinosis burden. Surgical treatment remains the most effective therapy when feasible. At present, no medical therapies have proven efficacy in large randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Calcinosis; Calcium; Diphosphates; Humans; Minocycline; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Scleroderma, Systemic
PubMed: 35993867
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000896 -
Advances in Pharmacological and... 2022The airway epithelial glycocalyx plays an important role in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry into the epithelial cells, while the... (Review)
Review
The airway epithelial glycocalyx plays an important role in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry into the epithelial cells, while the endothelial glycocalyx contributes to vascular permeability and tone, as well as modulating immune, inflammatory, and coagulation responses. With ample evidence in the scientific literature that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is related to epithelial and endothelial dysfunction, preserving the glycocalyx should be the main focus of any COVID-19 treatment protocol. The most studied functional unit of the glycocalyx is the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, where the degree and position of the sulfate groups determine the biological activity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and other sulfur donors contribute to the inorganic sulfate pool, the rate-limiting molecule in sulfation. NAC is not only a precursor to glutathione but also converts to hydrogen sulfide, inorganic sulfate, taurine, Coenzyme A, and albumin. By optimising inorganic sulfate availability, and therefore sulfation, it is proposed that COVID-19 can be prevented or at least most of the symptoms attenuated. A comprehensive COVID-19 treatment protocol is needed to preserve the glycocalyx in both the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The use of NAC at a dosage of 600 mg bid for the prevention of COVID-19 is proposed, but a higher dosage of NAC (1200 mg bid) should be administered upon the first onset of symptoms. In the severe to critically ill, it is advised that IV NAC should be administered immediately upon hospital admission, and in the late stage of the disease, IV sodium thiosulfate should be considered. Doxycycline as a protease inhibitor will prevent shedding and further degradation of the glycocalyx.
PubMed: 35992575
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4555490 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022The hydrogen sulfide (HS) and the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems interact in the central nervous and cardiovascular system. As a consequence of osmotic...
BACKGROUND
The hydrogen sulfide (HS) and the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems interact in the central nervous and cardiovascular system. As a consequence of osmotic balance stress, HS stimulates OT release from the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in the hypothalamic regulation of blood volume and pressure. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) represents one of the most pronounced acute changes in blood volume, which, moreover, may cause at least transient brain tissue hypoxia. Atherosclerosis is associated with reduced vascular expression of the main endogenous HS producing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), and, hence, exogenous HS administration could be beneficial in these patients, in particular after HS. However, so far cerebral effects of systemic HS administration are poorly understood. Having previously shown lung-protective effects of therapeutic NaSO administration in a clinically relevant, long-term, porcine model of HS and resuscitation we evaluated if these protective effects were extended to the brain.
METHODS
In this study, available unanalyzed paraffin embedded brain sections (NaSO = 8 or vehicle = 5) of our recently published HS study were analyzed neuro-histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the endogenous HS producing enzymes, OT, OTR, and markers for brain injury and oxidative stress (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nitrotyrosine).
RESULTS
Neuro-histopathological analysis revealed uninjured brain tissue with minor white matter edema. Protein quantification in the hypothalamic PVN showed no significant inter-group differences between vehicle or NaSO treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
The endogenous HS enzymes, OT/OTR co-localized in magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus, which may reflect their interaction in response to HS-induced hypovolemia. The preserved blood brain barrier (BBB) may have resulted in impermeability for NaSO and no inter-group differences in the PVN. Nonetheless, our results do not preclude that NaSO could have a therapeutic benefit in the brain in an injury that disrupts the BBB, e.g., traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).
PubMed: 35847799
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.925433 -
Pleura and Peritoneum Jun 2022Cisplatin is commonly used during intraperitoneal chemotherapy however has well-established nephrotoxic side-effects. Sodium thiosulfate is often added...
OBJECTIVES
Cisplatin is commonly used during intraperitoneal chemotherapy however has well-established nephrotoxic side-effects. Sodium thiosulfate is often added to cisplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) protocols to mitigate this, however evidence regarding risk of hypernatraemia is scarce as of yet.
METHODS
We retrospectively identified patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for peritoneal surface malignancies of any origin at a single high-volume unit between April 2018 and December 2020. Patients were included if they received cisplatin-based HIPEC with intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Blood tests were collected pre-surgery and then daily during admission. Hypernatraemia was defined as serum sodium >145 mmol/L. Renal impairment was defined using the RIFLE criteria.
RESULTS
Eleven CRSs met inclusion criteria, the majority of which were indicated for ovarian cancer (72.7%). One (9.1%) patient with mesothelioma received mitomycin C as an additional chemotherapy agent. The incidence of hypernatraemia was 100% but all cases were transient, with no clinical sequelae observed. The rate of AKI was 36.4%, with three (27.3%) patients classified as risk and one (9.1%) instance of failure. No long-term renal impairment was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite biochemical evidence of mild hypernatraemia but with the absence of clinical sequelae, sodium thiosulfate appears to be safe when used in adjunct to cisplatin-based HIPEC during CRS. These findings should be evaluated with further comparative studies. When describing renal impairment, it is important that standardisation in reporting occurs, with the RIFLE and Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria now the preferred consensus definitions.
PubMed: 35812006
DOI: 10.1515/pp-2022-0107 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022The cost of silver separation is lowered when ammonia and hydrazine hydrate are replaced with sodium thiosulfate and sodium dithionite in the process of extracting of...
The cost of silver separation is lowered when ammonia and hydrazine hydrate are replaced with sodium thiosulfate and sodium dithionite in the process of extracting of metallic silver from copper anode slime. The overall environmental impact of two types of copper silver separation processes from anode slime has been analyzed\using the LCA method. Through the subdivision analysis, we found the raw materials or emission items that should be improved first. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The life cycle environmental impact of the sodium thiosulfate process is much lower than the existing process; (2) The resource and environmental impacts of the sodium thiosulfate method are mainly in the fields of climate change, photochemical smog, and ionizing radiation, exceeding two-thirds of the impact on all of the resources and environment; (3) In terms of input and output items, the main impact of the new process on the resources and the environment is concentrated on the use of sodium hydroxide, accounting for 33.98% of the total equivalent, followed by sodium thiosulfate and sodium carbonate, respectively. These input-output items are the key fields that need attention in future technology improvement.
Topics: Animals; Copper; Electrodes; Environment; Life Cycle Stages; Silver
PubMed: 35805449
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137790