-
BMC Oral Health May 2024This study aimed to assess and compare the concentrations of growth factors, white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets in injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) derived... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess and compare the concentrations of growth factors, white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets in injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) derived from people with healthy periodontal conditions and those with chronic periodontitis.
METHODS
Venous blood samples were obtained from 30 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (test group) and 30 participants with healthy periodontal conditions (control group). The i-PRF was then acquired from centrifuged blood. The growth factors (VEGF, IGF-1, TGF-β1, PDGF-BB and EGF) released from the i-PRF samples were compared between groups with ELISA testing. The amounts of WBCs and platelets were also compared.
RESULTS
No significant differences in the concentrations of growth factors were found between the groups (the mean values for the control and test groups were, respectively: IGF: 38.82, 42.46; PDGF: 414.25, 466.28; VEGF: 375.69, 412.18; TGF-β1: 21.50, 26.21; EGF: 138.62, 154.82). The test group exhibited a significantly higher WBC count than the control group (8.80 vs. 6.60, respectively). However, the platelet count did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups (control group 242.0 vs. test group 262.50). No significant correlation was observed between WBC count and growth factor level in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
The growth factor levels in i-PRFs did not exhibit significant difference between the two groups. This suggests that the levels of these growth factors may be unaffected by the periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Chronic Periodontitis; Pilot Projects; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Epidermal Growth Factor; Leukocyte Count; Becaplermin; Case-Control Studies; Blood Platelets; Injections
PubMed: 38702671
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04301-x -
Domestic Animal Endocrinology Jul 2024Mares resume ovarian activity rapidly after foaling. Besides follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the pituitary synthesizes prolactin and...
Mares resume ovarian activity rapidly after foaling. Besides follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the pituitary synthesizes prolactin and growth hormone which stimulate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) synthesis in the liver. We tested the hypothesis that follicular growth is initiated already antepartum, mares with early and delayed ovulation differ in IGF-1 release and that there is an additional IGF-1 synthesis in the placenta. Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, IGF-1, IGF-2, activin and prolactin. IGF-1, IGF-2, prolactin and their receptors in placental tissues were analyzed at the mRNA and protein level. Follicular growth was determined from 15 days before to 15 days after foaling in 14 pregnancies. Mares ovulating within 15 days postpartum formed group OV (n=5) and mares not ovulating within 15 days group NOV (n=9). Before foaling, follicles with a diameter >1 cm were present in all mares and their number increased over time (p<0.05). Follicle growth after foaling was more pronounced in OV mares (day p<0.001, group p<0.05, day x group p<0.05) in parallel to an increase in LH concentration (p<0.001, day x group p<0.001) while FSH increased (p<0.001) similarly in both groups. Plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and prolactin peaked one day after foaling (p<0.001). The IGF-1 mRNA abundance was higher in the allantochorion but lower in the amnion of OV versus NOV mares (group p=0.01, localization x group p<0.01). The IGF-1 receptor mRNA was most abundant in the allantochorion (p<0.001) and IGF-1 protein was expressed in placental tissue without differences between groups. In conclusion, follicular growth in mares is initiated before foaling and placental IGF-1 may enhance resumption of ovulatory cycles.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Female; Postpartum Period; Prolactin; Pregnancy; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Ovary; RNA, Messenger; Placenta; Luteinizing Hormone; Ovarian Follicle; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Ovulation; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Activins; Receptors, Prolactin
PubMed: 38701638
DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106852 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2024Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulates myelin, but little is known whether IGF-I associates with white matter functions in subjective and objective mild...
BACKGROUND
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulates myelin, but little is known whether IGF-I associates with white matter functions in subjective and objective mild cognitive impairment (SCI/MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD).
OBJECTIVE
To explore whether serum IGF-I is associated with magnetic resonance imaging - estimated brain white matter volumes or cognitive functions.
METHODS
In a prospective study of SCI/MCI (n = 106) and AD (n = 59), we evaluated the volumes of the total white matter, corpus callosum (CC), and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) as well as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A/B), and Stroop tests I-III at baseline, and after 2 years.
RESULTS
IGF-I was comparable in SCI/MCI and AD (113 versus 118 ng/mL, p = 0.44). In SCI/MCI patients, the correlations between higher baseline IGF-I and greater baseline and 2-year volumes of the total white matter and total CC lost statistical significance after adjustment for intracranial volume and other covariates. However, after adjustment for covariates, higher baseline IGF-I correlated with better baseline scores of MMSE and Stroop test II in SCI/MCI and with better baseline results of TMT-B and Stroop test I in AD. IGF-I did not correlate with WMH volumes or changes in any of the variables.
CONCLUSIONS
Both in SCI/MCI and AD, higher IGF-I was associated with better attention/executive functions at baseline after adjustment for covariates. Furthermore, the baseline associations between IGF-I and neuropsychological test results in AD may argue against significant IGF-I resistance in the AD brain.
Topics: Humans; Male; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Aged; Cognitive Dysfunction; White Matter; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Neuropsychological Tests; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Insulin-Like Peptides
PubMed: 38701139
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-231026 -
PloS One 2024To investigate the associations of Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene, Insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (IGF2R) gene and Insulin-like growth factor-II...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the associations of Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene, Insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (IGF2R) gene and Insulin-like growth factor-II binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese population.
METHODS
A total of 1703 pregnant women (835 GDM and 868 Non-GDM) were recruited in this case-control study. All participants underwent prenatal 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) examinations during 24-28 gestational weeks at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from January 15, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Genotyping of candidate SNPs (IGF2 rs680, IGF2R rs416572, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, rs1470579, rs1374910, rs11705701, rs6777038, rs16860234, rs7651090) was performed on Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between candidate SNPs and risk of GDM. In addition, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method was applied to explore the effects of gene-gene interactions on GDM risk.
RESULTS
There were significant distribution differences between GDM group and non-GDM group in age, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level and family history of diabetes (P < 0.05). After adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level and family history of diabetes, there were no significant associations of the candidate SNPs polymorphisms and GDM risk (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no gene-gene interactions on the GDM risk among the candidate SNPs (P > 0.05). However, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of rs6777038 CT carriers were significantly lower than TT carriers (4.69±0.69 vs. 5.03±1.57 mmol/L, P < 0.01), and the OGTT-2h levels of rs6777038 CC and CT genotype carriers were significantly lower than TT genotype carriers (8.10±1.91 and 8.08±1.87 vs. 8.99±2.90 mmol/L, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
IGF2 rs680, IGF2R rs416572, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, rs1470579, rs11705701, rs6777038, rs16860234, rs7651090 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with GDM risk in Wuhan, China. Further lager multicenter researches are needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Pregnancy; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Case-Control Studies; Adult; Receptor, IGF Type 2; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; RNA-Binding Proteins; Glucose Tolerance Test; China; Asian People; Genotype
PubMed: 38701040
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298063 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Sep 2024The study aimed to investigate the effect of Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on muscle aging in vivo and in vitro.
BACKGROUND
The study aimed to investigate the effect of Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on muscle aging in vivo and in vitro.
METHODS
Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were administered with D-galactose (200 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 8weeks, followed by daily subcutaneous injections of GLP-2 (300 or 600 μg/kg/day) for 4weeks. Skeletal muscle function and mass were evaluated using relative grip strength and muscle weight. The sizes and types of muscle fibers and apoptosis were assessed through histological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL staining, respectively. C2C12 myotubes were treated with D-galactose (40 mg/mL) and GLP-2. Protein expression of differentiation-related myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), and myosin heavy chain (Myhc), degradation-related Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1), and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/Atrogin-1, and apoptosis-related B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bax, were assessed using western blots. The Pi3k inhibitor LY294002 was applied to investigate whether GLP-2 regulated myogenesis and myotube aging via IGF-1/Pi3k/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that GLP-2 significantly reversed the decline in muscles weight, relative grip strength, diameter, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers induced by D-galactose in mice. Apart from suppressing the expressions of MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 in the muscles and C2C12 myotubes, GLP-2 significantly increased the expressions of MyoD, MyoG, and Myhc compared to the D-galactose. GLP-2 significantly suppressed cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis indicated that the regulation of GLP-2 may be attributed to the activation of theIGF-1/Pi3k/Akt/FoxO3a phosphorylation pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that GLP-2 ameliorated D-galactose induced muscle aging by IGF-1/Pi3k/Akt/FoxO3a pathway.
Topics: Animals; Galactose; Mice; Forkhead Box Protein O3; Signal Transduction; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Aging; Apoptosis; Male; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
PubMed: 38692155
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105462 -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... May 2024Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current human skeletal...
Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current human skeletal muscle models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially muscle contractility. By supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, we aimed to overcome these limitations. We monitored the differentiation process starting from primary human CD56-positive myoblasts in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium in daily collected samples for 10 days. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) following . Myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1 treatment shifted the proteome toward skeletal muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7, and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a more oxidative phenotype further demonstrated by higher abundance of proteins of the respiratory chain and elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated glucose transporter (GLUT)4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake compared with myotubes differentiated without IGF1. To conclude, addition of IGF1 to serum-free medium significantly improves the differentiation of human myotubes that showed enhanced myofibril formation, response to electrical pulse stimulation, oxidative respiratory capacity, and glucose metabolism overcoming limitations of previous standards. This novel protocol enables investigation of muscular exercise on a molecular level. Human skeletal muscle models are highly valuable to study how exercise prevents type 2 diabetes without invasive biopsies. Current models did not fully recapitulate the function of skeletal muscle especially during exercise. By supplementing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the authors developed a functional human skeletal muscle model characterized by inducible contractility and increased oxidative and insulin-sensitive metabolism. The novel protocol overcomes the limitations of previous standards and enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level.
Topics: Humans; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Cell Differentiation; Muscle Contraction; Phenotype; Cells, Cultured; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Myosin Heavy Chains; Glucose; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38690930
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00654.2023 -
PloS One 2024Feeding high-gain diets and an inadequate energy and protein ratio during pre-puberty may lead to impaired growth and mammary gland development of heifers. Thus,...
Feeding high-gain diets and an inadequate energy and protein ratio during pre-puberty may lead to impaired growth and mammary gland development of heifers. Thus, frequent application of bovine somatotropin (bST) may prevent future losses in productivity, improve mammary development and animal performance. We aimed to evaluate the effects of bST on digestibility, performance, blood metabolites, mammary gland development, and carcass composition of high-performance prepubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers. Thirty-four Holstein × Gyr heifers with an average initial body weight of 218 ± 49 kg and 14 ± 4 months of age were submitted to an 84-day trial evaluating the effects of no bST or bST injections. Treatments were randomly assigned to each animal within one of the tree blocks. The bST did not influence digestibility or performance parameters. Regarding blood results, IGF1 concentration presented an interaction between treatment and day, where bST heifers had the highest IGF1 concentration. Heifers receiving bST also showed increased ribeye area; however, only an experimental day effect for backfat thickness was observed, with greater accumulation of carcass fat on day 84. Heifers receiving bST had lower pixels/mm² on parenchyma, characteristic of greater parenchymal tissue. Moreover, heifers on bST treatment also had reduced pixels/mm2, characteristic of reduced fat pad tissue. Lastly, bST injections did not influence liver and muscle gene expression, nor most genes evaluated in mammary gland tissue, except for IGFBP3 expression, which was greater for bST heifers. In summary, we confirm the efficacy of bST injections to overcome the detrimental effects of high-gain diets on mammary gland growth and to improve lean carcass gain of prepubertal Holstein × Gyr heifers.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Growth Hormone; Mammary Glands, Animal; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Diet; Animal Feed; Sexual Maturation; Body Composition; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3
PubMed: 38683862
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300728 -
The Journal of Experimental Biology May 2024Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and metabolize only carbohydrates in hypoxia. Glucose is the primary building block of dietary...
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and metabolize only carbohydrates in hypoxia. Glucose is the primary building block of dietary carbohydrates, but how blood glucose is regulated during hypoxia has not been explored in NMRs. We hypothesized that NMRs mobilize glucose stores to support anaerobic energy metabolism in hypoxia. To test this, we treated newborn, juvenile and adult (subordinate and queen) NMRs in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7, 5 or 3% O2), while measuring metabolic rate, body temperature and blood [glucose]. We also challenged animals with glucose, insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) injections and measured the rate of glucose clearance in normoxia and hypoxia. We found that: (1) blood [glucose] increases in moderate hypoxia in queens and pups, but only in severe hypoxia in adult subordinates and juveniles; (2) glucose tolerance is similar between developmental stages in normoxia, but glucose clearance times are 2- to 3-fold longer in juveniles and subordinates than in queens or pups in hypoxia; and (3) reoxygenation accelerates glucose clearance in hypoxic subordinate adults. Mechanistically, (4) insulin and IGF-1 reduce blood [glucose] in subordinates in both normoxia but only IGF-1 impacts blood [glucose] in hypoxic queens. Our results indicate that insulin signaling is impaired by hypoxia in NMRs, but that queens utilize IGF-1 to overcome this limitation and effectively regulate blood glucose in hypoxia. This suggests that sexual maturation impacts blood glucose handling in hypoxic NMR queens, which may allow queens to spend longer periods of time in hypoxic nest chambers.
Topics: Animals; Mole Rats; Homeostasis; Female; Blood Glucose; Hypoxia; Male; Insulin; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Glucose
PubMed: 38680085
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247537 -
Nutrients Apr 2024The present study aimed to investigate the differential effects of -3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on placental and embryonic development. Pregnant mice...
The present study aimed to investigate the differential effects of -3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on placental and embryonic development. Pregnant mice were assigned to five groups: healthy control (HC), diabetes mellitus control (DMC), diabetes + low-dose -3 PUFA (L-3), diabetes + high-dose -3 PUFA (H-3), and diabetes + -6 PUFA (-6). On E12.5d, the H-3 group, but not the -6 group, had a higher placenta weight. The weight ratio of embryo to placenta in the -6 group was significantly lower than in the H-3 group but higher than in the DMC group. The H-3 group had significantly higher protein levels of VEGF, IGF-1, and IGFBP3, while the -6 group had lower VEGF than the DMC group. Compared with the DMC group, embryonic Cer-16:0 was significantly higher in the H-3 group, while embryonic PC (36:6), PC (38:7), and PE (40:7) were significantly lower in the -6 group. The embryo and placenta weights were positively correlated with placental VEGF, IGFBP3, and embryonic Cer-16:0, and they were negatively correlated with embryonic PC (36:6) and PE (40:7). The weight ratio of embryo to placenta was negatively correlated with embryonic PC (36:6). In addition, embryonic Cer-16:0 was positively correlated with placental VEGF and IGFBP3. In conclusion, -3 PUFA and -6 PUFA improved placental and embryonic growth through different mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Pregnancy; Female; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Placenta; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Mice; Embryonic Development; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Organ Size
PubMed: 38674874
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081182 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has paracrine and endocrine roles in the central nervous system. There is evidence that IGF signalling pathways have roles in... (Review)
Review
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has paracrine and endocrine roles in the central nervous system. There is evidence that IGF signalling pathways have roles in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease. This review focusses on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative disorders that are increasing in prevalence globally in relation to the aging population and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Rodent models used in the study of the molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration are described. However, currently, no animal model fully replicates these diseases. Mice with triple mutations in , and show promise as models for the testing of novel Alzheimer's therapies. While a causal relationship is not proven, the fact that age, obesity and T2D are risk factors in both strengthens the case for the involvement of the IGF system in these disorders. The IGF system is an attractive target for new approaches to management; however, there are gaps in our understanding that first need to be addressed. These include a focus beyond IGF-I on other members of the IGF system, including IGF-II, IGF-binding proteins and the type 2 IGF receptor.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Alzheimer Disease; Signal Transduction; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Somatomedins; Disease Models, Animal; Parkinson Disease; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; Insulin-Like Peptides
PubMed: 38674097
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084512