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Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021Heavy metals are primarily generated and deposited in the environment, causing phytotoxicity. This work evaluated fenugreek plants' morpho-physiological and biochemical...
Heavy metals are primarily generated and deposited in the environment, causing phytotoxicity. This work evaluated fenugreek plants' morpho-physiological and biochemical responses under mercury stress conditions toward Ag nanoparticles and applications. The fabrication of Ag nanoparticles by was monitored and described by UV/Vis analysis, FTIR, and SEM. The effect of mercury on vegetative growth was determined by measuring the root and shoots length, the number and area of leaves, the relative water content, and the weight of the green and dried plants; appraisal of photosynthetic pigments, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were also performed. In addition, the manipulation of Ag nanoparticles, and their combination were tested for mercury stress. Here, Ag nanoparticles were formed at 420 nm with a uniform cuboid form and size of 85 nm. Interestingly, the gradual suppression of vegetal growth and photosynthetic pigments by mercury, Ag nanoparticles, and were detected; however, carotenoids and anthocyanins were significantly increased. In addition, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were significantly increased because mercury and enhance this increase. Ag nanoparticles achieve higher levels by the combination. Thus, and Ag nanoparticles could have the plausible ability to relieve and combat mercury's dangerous effects in fenugreek.
PubMed: 34371552
DOI: 10.3390/plants10071349 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Oct 2021A Gram-reaction-negative halotolerant bacterial strain, designated Ka21, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterised using a polyphasic approach to determine...
A Gram-reaction-negative halotolerant bacterial strain, designated Ka21, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterised using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, highest similarity was found with Sphingobacterium alkalisoli Y3L14 (96.72%). Cells were observed to be aerobic, non-motile rods. The isolate was found to be able to grow between 0 and 10% of NaCl concentration. The assembled genome of strain Ka21 has a total length of 5.2 Mb with a G + C content of 41.0 mol%. According to the genome analysis, Ka21 encodes several glycoside hydrolases that may play a role in the degradation of accumulated plant biomass in the soil. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, it is concluded that strain Ka21 represents a novel species in the Sphingobacterium genus for which the name Sphingobacterium pedocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Ka21 (= LMG 31575 = NCAIM B.02636).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 34363180
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01623-6 -
PeerJ 2021Globally, there is a large amount of salinized land. These soils have varying degrees of salt stress, causing ionic toxicity and osmotic stress on plants. However, it is...
BACKGROUND
Globally, there is a large amount of salinized land. These soils have varying degrees of salt stress, causing ionic toxicity and osmotic stress on plants. However, it is not clear how different degrees of salt stress affect plant nutrients and microbial communities. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of plant major nutrients and microbial communities response to salt stress is desirable.
RESULTS
We analyzed the main nutrients of the salt-tolerant ZhongMu No. 3 alfalfa variety planted in a salt stress environment. In mild and moderate group, the protein content and fatty acid content of alfalfa were the highest, indicating the best nutritional value. The severe group of salt stress affected the growth and development of alfalfa, as manifested by a decrease in the nutritional quality of alfalfa. and that from alfalfa stem and leaf endophytes also increased with an increase in salt stress. In contrast, , , and decrease with increasing salt stress. and have extremely significant differences in response to salt stress, and also shows significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS
Soil salinity would be an important factor beyond which alfalfa nutrient quality and microbial community structure change. This study identified key levels of salt stress that may affect the nutrient quality and microbial community structure. These findings enhance our understanding of the effects of salt stress on the nutritional quality of alfalfa and provide a reference for the sustainable use of salinized soil in the future.
PubMed: 34316396
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11729 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021and sp. are well known for their ability to decontaminate many environmental pollutants while sp. have been exploited for their thermostable enzymes. This study...
and sp. are well known for their ability to decontaminate many environmental pollutants while sp. have been exploited for their thermostable enzymes. This study reports the annotation of genomes of , and EC-3 that were isolated from compost, based on their ability to degrade poly(lactic acid), PLA. Draft genomes of the strains were assembled from Illumina reads, annotated and viewed with the aim of gaining insight into the genetic elements involved in degradation of PLA. The draft genome of strain S2 (435 contigs) was estimated at 5,604,691 bp and the draft genome of strain S3 (303 contigs) was estimated at 6,631,638 bp. The draft genome of the thermophile strain EC-3 (111 contigs) was estimated at 3,397,712 bp. A total of 5385 (60% with annotation), 6437 (80% with annotation) and 3790 (74% with annotation) protein-coding genes were predicted for strains S2, S3 and EC-3, respectively. Catabolic genes for the biodegradation of xenobiotics, aromatic compounds and lactic acid as well as the genes attributable to the establishment and regulation of biofilm were identified in all three draft genomes. Our results reveal essential genetic elements that facilitate PLA metabolism at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures in these three isolates.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biofilms; DNA, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Geobacillus; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Phylogeny; Polyesters; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 34299026
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147385 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The safe and effective storage of forage are very important. As an important storage method, ensiling can keep fresh forage for a long time with less nutritional loss....
The safe and effective storage of forage are very important. As an important storage method, ensiling can keep fresh forage for a long time with less nutritional loss. Melatonin has antioxidant and bacteriostasis, usually used as a natural preservative. The influence of melatonin on silage microbial or fermentation quality has not been clarified. In the present study, we aimed to clarify whether melatonin affected stylo () silage quality via microbiota and metabolites. Melatonin addition significantly improved the silage fermentation quality, including the increased contents of lactic acid and total acid (244.18-255.81% and 63.95-78.97%, respectively), as well as the decreased in pH and butyric acid content compare with control group. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that melatonin addition enhanced the silage microbial diversity indices (such as increase in Shannon indices but decrease in Simpson indices), and significantly shaped the composition of silage microbiota (such as increased abundances of , , , and , and decreased abundance of ). Melatonin addition also dramatically affected the metabolites of sylo silage, such as raised malonic acid and some amino acid metabolism(glycine, threonine, methionine and ornithine), while reduced nucleic acid metabolism(2-deoxyuridine and thymine) and carbon metabolism(allose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose). Collectively, our results confirmed that the lowest melatonin addition (5 mg/kg) could improve the fermentation quality, and the potential mechanisms might be associated with the microbiota and metabolites in stylo.
PubMed: 34122385
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670764 -
Organoarsenical tolerance in Sphingobacterium wenxiniae, a bacterium isolated from activated sludge.Environmental Microbiology Feb 2022Organoarsenicals enter the environment from biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Trivalent inorganic arsenite (As(III)) is microbially methylated to more toxic...
Organoarsenicals enter the environment from biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Trivalent inorganic arsenite (As(III)) is microbially methylated to more toxic methylarsenite (MAs(III)) and dimethylarsenite (DMAs(III)) that oxidize in air to MAs(V) and DMAs(V). Sources include the herbicide monosodium methylarsenate (MSMA or MAs(V)), which is microbially reduced to MAs(III), and the aromatic arsenical roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxybenzenearsonic acid or Rox), an antimicrobial growth promoter for poultry and swine. Here we show that Sphingobacterium wenxiniae LQY-18 , isolated from activated sludge, is resistant to trivalent MAs(III) and Rox(III). Sphingobacterium wenxiniae detoxifies MAs(III) and Rox(III) by oxidation to MAs(V) and Rox(V). Sphingobacterium wenxiniae has a novel chromosomal gene, termed arsU1. Expressed in Escherichia coli arsU1 confers resistance to MAs(III) and Rox(III) but not As(III) or pentavalent organoarsenicals. Purified ArsU1 catalyses oxidation of trivalent methylarsenite and roxarsone. ArsU1 has six conserved cysteine residues. The DNA sequence for the three C-terminal cysteines was deleted, and the other three were mutated to serines. Only C45S and C122S lost activity, suggesting that Cys45 and Cys122 play a role in ArsU1 function. ArsU1 requires neither FMN nor FAD for activity. These results demonstrate that ArsU1 is a novel MAs(III) oxidase that contributes to S. wenxiniae tolerance to organoarsenicals.
Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Arsenicals; Roxarsone; Sewage; Sphingobacterium; Swine
PubMed: 33998126
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15599 -
Data in Brief Jun 2021The data represents the bacterial community profile obtained through metagenomic sequencing of soil sample, collected from the 'Rarh' region of West Bengal, which is...
The data represents the bacterial community profile obtained through metagenomic sequencing of soil sample, collected from the 'Rarh' region of West Bengal, which is characterized by the lateritic badlands dating back to the late Pleistocene. Taxonomic binning and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) prediction of the Illumina sequencing data indicated the abundance Proteobacteria (61%) followed closely by Bacterioidetes (35%). The top two most abundant genera identified, were Sphingobacterium and Acinetobacter respectively. Chemical properties of soil, such as pH, organic carbon content, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were also analyzed for enabling future researchers to correlate the abundance of microbial taxa with the prevalent conditions. These findings can be effectively used to formulate strategic microbiome engineering through bioaugmentation for a sustainable agricultural system.
PubMed: 33981820
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107041 -
Scientific Reports May 2021COVID-19 infection may predispose to secondary bacterial infection which is associated with poor clinical outcome especially among critically ill patients. We aimed to...
COVID-19 infection may predispose to secondary bacterial infection which is associated with poor clinical outcome especially among critically ill patients. We aimed to characterize the lower respiratory tract bacterial microbiome of COVID-19 critically ill patients in comparison to COVID-19-negative patients. We performed a 16S rRNA profiling on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected between April and May 2020 from 24 COVID-19 critically ill subjects and 24 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung microbiome of critically ill patients with COVID-19 was characterized by a different bacterial diversity (PERMANOVA on weighted and unweighted UniFrac Pr(> F) = 0.001) compared to COVID-19-negative patients with pneumonia. Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Clostridium hiranonis, Acinetobacter schindleri, Sphingobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, characterized lung microbiome of COVID-19 critically ill patients (LDA score > 2), while COVID-19-negative patients showed a higher abundance of lung commensal bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, Veillonella dispar, Granulicatella spp., Porphyromonas spp., and Streptococcus spp.). The incidence rate (IR) of infections during COVID-19 pandemic showed a significant increase of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) infection. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibiotic pressure may predispose critically ill patients to bacterial superinfection due to opportunistic multidrug resistant pathogens.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; COVID-19; Critical Illness; Dysbiosis; Female; Humans; Lung; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33980943
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89516-6 -
International Journal of Systematic and... May 2021A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated type strain SSI9, was isolated from sand fly ( Scopoli; ) rearing...
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated type strain SSI9, was isolated from sand fly ( Scopoli; ) rearing substrate and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Strain SSI9 contained phosphatidylethanolamine as a major polar lipid, MK-7 as the predominant quinone, and Cω6/Cω, iso-C, iso-C 3-OH and C as the major cellular fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that SSI9 represents a member of the genus , of the family Sphingobacteriaceae sharing 96.5-88.0 % sequence similarity with other species of the genus . The results of multilocus sequence analysis using the concatenated sequences of the housekeeping genes A, C and L indicated that SSI9 formed a separate branch in the genus . The genome of SSI9 is 5 197 142 bp with a DNA G+C content of 41.8 mol% and encodes 4395 predicted coding sequences, 49 tRNAs, and three complete rRNAs and two partial rRNAs. SSI9 could be distinguished from other species of the genus with validly published names by several phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics. On the basis of the results of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the bacterial isolate represents a novel species within the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSI9 (=ATCC TSD-210=LMG 31664=NRRL B-65603).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phlebotomus; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 33956595
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004809 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Citrus trees face threats from several diseases that affect its production, in particular dry root rot (DRR). DRR is a multifactorial disease mainly attributed to ()...
Citrus trees face threats from several diseases that affect its production, in particular dry root rot (DRR). DRR is a multifactorial disease mainly attributed to () and other several species of and spp. Nowadays, biological control holds a promising control strategy that showed its great potential as a reliable eco-friendly method for managing DRR disease. In the present study, antagonist rhizobacteria isolates were screened based on in vitro dual culture bioassay with . Out of 210 bacterial isolates collected from citrus rhizosphere, twenty isolates were selected and identified to the species level based on the 16S rRNA gene. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene revealed nine species belonging to , , and genus. In addition, their possible mechanisms involved in biocontrol and plant growth promoting traits were also investigated. Results showed that pectinase, cellulose, and chitinase were produced by eighteen, sixteen, and eight bacterial isolates, respectively. All twenty isolates were able to produce amylase and protease, only four isolates produced hydrogen cyanide, fourteen isolates have solubilized tricalcium phosphate, and ten had the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Surprisingly, antagonist bacteria differed substantially in their ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacillomycin (five isolates), iturin (ten isolates), fengycin (six isolates), surfactin (fourteen isolates), and bacteriocin (subtilosin A (six isolates)). Regarding the PGPR capabilities, an increase in the growth of the bacterial treated canola plants, used as a model plant, was observed. Interestingly, both bacterial isolates K4-4 and GH3-8 appear to be more promising as biocontrol agents, since they completely suppressed the disease in greenhouse trials. Moreover, these antagonist bacteria could be used as bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
PubMed: 33926049
DOI: 10.3390/plants10050872