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Scientific Reports May 2020Sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SM1), and sulfamethazine (SM2) are widely used and disorderly discharged into surface water, causing contamination of lakes and rivers....
Sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SM1), and sulfamethazine (SM2) are widely used and disorderly discharged into surface water, causing contamination of lakes and rivers. However, microalgae are regard as a potential resource to alleviate and degrade antibiotic pollution. The physiological changes of Chlorella vulgaris in the presence of three sulfonamides (SAs) with varying numbers of -CH groups and its SA-removal efficiency were investigated following a 7-day exposure experiment. Our results showed that the growth inhibitory effect of SD (7.9-22.6%), SM1 (7.2-45.9%), and SM2 (10.3-44%) resulted in increased proteins and decreased soluble sugars. Oxidative stress caused an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels but decreased catalase level. The antioxidant responses were insufficient to cope-up with reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion) levels and prevent oxidative damage (malondialdehyde level). The ultrastructure and DNA of SA-treated algal cells were affected, as evident from the considerable changes in the cell wall, chloroplast, and mitochondrion, and DNA migration. C. vulgaris-mediated was able to remove up to 29% of SD, 16% of SM1, and 15% of SM2. Our results suggest that certain concentrations of specific antibiotics may induce algal growth, and algal-mediated biodegradation process can accelerate the removal of antibiotic contamination.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catalase; Chlorella vulgaris; Chlorophyll; Fresh Water; Glutathione Reductase; Malondialdehyde; Microalgae; Oxidative Stress; Photosynthesis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sulfonamides; Superoxide Dismutase; Water Pollutants
PubMed: 32427937
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65219-2 -
BMC Chemistry Dec 2020A novel polystyrene sulfonate sodium (PSS) magnetic material was prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The starting materials...
A novel polystyrene sulfonate sodium (PSS) magnetic material was prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The starting materials were brominated magnetic material as the carrier and macroinitiator, sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) as the monomer, and cuprous bromide/2,2'-dipyridyl as the catalyst system. The PSS material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The adsorption properties of the material were then investigated on sulfa antibiotics. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined in adsorption of sulfamethazine (the smallest molecular-weight sulfonamide). The adsorption amount of sulfamerazine free acid (SMR) was found to increase with the initial concentration and temperature of SMR in solution. The adsorption effect was maximized at an initial concentration of 0.6 mmol/L. The static saturation adsorption capacity of the material was 33.53 mg/g, Langmuir and Freundlich equations exhibited good fit. The thermodynamic equilibrium equation is calculated as ΔG < 0, ΔH = 38.29 kJ/mol, ΔS > 0, which proves that the adsorption process is a process of spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increase. Kinetic studies show that the quasi-second-order kinetic equation can better fit the kinetic experimental results, which is consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The experimental results of kinetic studies were well fitted to a quasi-second-order kinetic equation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of an actual milk sample treated by the PSS magnetic material confirmed the strong adsorption of SMR from milk.
PubMed: 31956861
DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0658-8 -
BMC Bioinformatics Nov 2019S-sulphenylation is a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification (PTM) where an S-hydroxyl (-SOH) bond is formed via the reversible oxidation on the Sulfhydryl...
BACKGROUND
S-sulphenylation is a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification (PTM) where an S-hydroxyl (-SOH) bond is formed via the reversible oxidation on the Sulfhydryl group of cysteine (C). Recent experimental studies have revealed that S-sulphenylation plays critical roles in many biological functions, such as protein regulation and cell signaling. State-of-the-art bioinformatic advances have facilitated high-throughput in silico screening of protein S-sulphenylation sites, thereby significantly reducing the time and labour costs traditionally required for the experimental investigation of S-sulphenylation.
RESULTS
In this study, we have proposed a novel hybrid computational framework, termed SIMLIN, for accurate prediction of protein S-sulphenylation sites using a multi-stage neural-network based ensemble-learning model integrating both protein sequence derived and protein structural features. Benchmarking experiments against the current state-of-the-art predictors for S-sulphenylation demonstrated that SIMLIN delivered competitive prediction performance. The empirical studies on the independent testing dataset demonstrated that SIMLIN achieved 88.0% prediction accuracy and an AUC score of 0.82, which outperforms currently existing methods.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, SIMLIN predicts human S-sulphenylation sites with high accuracy thereby facilitating biological hypothesis generation and experimental validation. The web server, datasets, and online instructions are freely available at http://simlin.erc.monash.edu/ for academic purposes.
Topics: Algorithms; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Area Under Curve; Computational Biology; Conserved Sequence; Databases, Protein; Gene Ontology; Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Proteome; ROC Curve; Software; Sulfamerazine
PubMed: 31752668
DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3178-6 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Oct 2019Sulfonimidamides are intriguing new motifs for medicinal and agrochemistry, and provide attractive bioisosteres for sulfonamides. However, there remain few operationally... (Review)
Review
Sulfonimidamides are intriguing new motifs for medicinal and agrochemistry, and provide attractive bioisosteres for sulfonamides. However, there remain few operationally simple methods for their preparation. Here, the synthesis of NH-sulfonimidamides is achieved directly from sulfenamides, themselves readily formed in one step from amines and disulfides. A highly chemoselective and one-pot NH and O transfer is developed, mediated by PhIO in iPrOH, using ammonium carbamate as the NH source, and in the presence of 1 equivalent of acetic acid. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated under the developed reaction conditions, which also enables the functionalization of the antidepressants desipramine and fluoxetine and the preparation of an aza analogue of the drug probenecid. The reaction is shown to proceed via different and concurrent mechanistic pathways, including the formation of novel S≡N sulfanenitrile species as intermediates. Several alkoxy-amino-λ -sulfanenitriles are prepared with different alcohols, and shown to be alkylating agents to a range of nucleophiles.
Topics: Alcohols; Amines; Molecular Structure; Nitriles; Sulfamerazine; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 31390133
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906001 -
Royal Society Open Science Jun 2019A molecularly imprinted monolith was prepared and evaluated for the special selective separation of sulfamerazine (SMR) by capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The...
A molecularly imprinted monolith was prepared and evaluated for the special selective separation of sulfamerazine (SMR) by capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The single-step polymerization method was applied through thermally immobilized vinyl groups of itaconic acid and a derivatization capillary column using SMR as the template. The monolith with optimal selectivity and permeability was performed at 45°C for 7 h according to the molar ratios of 1 : 4 : 10 (template/functional monomer/cross-linker). Under the optimized separation conditions of 75% acetonitrile in 20 mM phosphate buffer with pH 5.0, 15 kV applied voltage and 20°C column temperature, the imprinted monolith showed strong recognition ability for SMR and high column performance. Finally, the molecularly imprinted monolith coupled with the CEC method was successfully developed for the quantification of SMR in aquatic products, which was properly validated by a good linear relationship, recoveries and limit of detection. The coupling technique of the molecularly imprinted technology and CEC achieved pre-treatment enrichment and separation analysis in only one miniaturized chromatographic column.
PubMed: 31312484
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190119 -
Heliyon Apr 2019Cobalt (Co(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) complexes of sulfamerazine-salicylaldehyde (SS) ligand intercalated Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide [Co-SS-LDH/Cu-SS-LDH] were...
Cobalt (Co(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) complexes of sulfamerazine-salicylaldehyde (SS) ligand intercalated Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide [Co-SS-LDH/Cu-SS-LDH] were prepared for the antimicrobial application. Sulfamerazine and salicylaldehyde were mixed together and dissolved in methanol for the synthesis of SS ligand and modified further by the complexation with Co(II) and Cu(II) metal ions [Co-SS/Cu-SS]. The delaminating/restacking method was used to intercalate the Mg/Al-NO-LDH with the metal complexed ligands (Co-SS/Cu-SS). The obtained materials were analyzed using different characterization techniques to prove their successful synthesis and preparation. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized Co-SS-LDH/Cu-SS-LDH were checked by the inhibition zone method. The prepared hybrid materials showed good antimicrobial activity against both gram negative () and gram positive () bacteria.
PubMed: 31049432
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01521 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2019Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease which can cause multiple organ dysfunction, including that of the vascular endothelium. The aim of the...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease which can cause multiple organ dysfunction, including that of the vascular endothelium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of metformin, and its sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives (compounds 1-8) on the selected markers of endothelial function and blood coagulation. The integrity of endothelial cells(ECs) was examined using the real-time cell electric impedance system. Tissue Factor(TF) production, the release of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) from ECs were determined using immunoenzymatic assays, while the process of platelet thrombus formation using the Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System. Sulfenamide with n-butyl alkyl chain(3) does not interfere with ECs integrity, and viability (nCI = 1.03 ± 0.03 vs. 1.06 ± 0.11 for control), but possesses anticoagulation properties manifested by prolonged platelet-dependent thrombus formation (Occlusion Time 370.3 ± 77.0 s vs. 286.7 ± 65.5 s for control) in semi-physiological conditions. Both p- and o-nitro-benzenesulfonamides (compounds7,8) exhibit anti-coagulant properties demonstrated by decreased vWF release and prolonged parameters of platelet thrombus formation and total blood thrombogenicity. In conclusion, chemical modification of metformin scaffold into sulfenamides or sulfonamides might be regarded as a good starting point for the design and synthesis of novel biguanide-based compounds with anticoagulant properties and valuable features regarding endothelial function.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Metformin; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Sulfamerazine; Sulfonamides; Thromboplastin; von Willebrand Factor
PubMed: 31024058
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43083-z -
RSC Advances Mar 2019Sulfamerazine (SMR) as a persistent organic pollutant in waste streams is of growing environmental concern. This study explores the extraction SMR from water into an...
Sulfamerazine (SMR) as a persistent organic pollutant in waste streams is of growing environmental concern. This study explores the extraction SMR from water into an acetic acid (AA) solution using granular activated carbon (GAC), and removal of SMR by ozonation in AA solution. Systematic experiments have shown that GAC can be used as an adsorbent to transfer sulfamerazine from water to AA solution. SMR removal efficiency is 99.5% in 10% AA aqueous solution, which is better than in water. The removal rate of SMR in the AA solution decreased as the initial molar ratio of SMR and O increased. The removal rate of SMR decreased with Fe present in the reactive system. The removal of SMR is dominated by indirect ozonation in water, while the SMR removal is an effect of both direct and indirect ozonation in AA solution. It is a very efficient process for the degradation of SMR in micro polluted water when using combined GAC adsorption-desorption in AA solution and ozonation of the resulting solution.
PubMed: 35517672
DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10429h -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2019A new multi-residue method for the analysis of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfaguanidine and sulfamethoxazole) in non-target feeds using...
A new multi-residue method for the analysis of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfaguanidine and sulfamethoxazole) in non-target feeds using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and precolumnderivatization was developed and validated. Sulfonamides (SAs) were extracted from feed with an ethyl acetate/methanol/acetonitrile mixture. Clean-up was performed on a Strata-SCX cartridge. The HPLC separation was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column with a gradient mobile phase system of acetic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile. The method was validated according to EU requirements (Commission Decision 2002/657/EC). Linearity, decision limit, detection capability, detection and quantification limits, recovery, precision, and selectivity were determined, and adequate results were obtained. Using the HPLC-FLD method, recoveries were satisfactory (79.3⁻114.0%), with repeatability and reproducibility in the range of 2.7⁻9.1% to 5.9⁻14.9%, respectively. Decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were 197.7⁻274.6 and 263.2⁻337.9 µg/kg, respectively, and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 34.5⁻79.5 and 41.3⁻89.9 µg/kg, respectively, depending on the analyte. Results showed that this analytical procedure is simple, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for the routine control of feeds.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fluorescamine; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solvents; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 30695988
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030452 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry May 2019In this paper, we report for the first time a novel, simple and fast method for the synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (Mag-MIPs) based on high-energy...
In this paper, we report for the first time a novel, simple and fast method for the synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (Mag-MIPs) based on high-energy ultrasound probe. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was used as template molecule, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycole dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) as the supporting core. The effects of time (5, 7.5 and 10 min) and the applied amplitude (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) using the ultrasound probe for the synthesis of Mag-MIPs were studied and optimized. By applying the proposed synthesis method, the US-magMIPs synthesis time was satisfactorily reduced from several hours to a few minutes (7.5 min) in a simple way. For comparison purposes, the Mag-MIP and the non imprinted polymer (MagNIP) were also synthesized employing an ultrasound bath assisted approach (2 h, 65 °C). Magnetic NPs and US-magMIPs synthesized by both ways were investigated by means of several characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning/Transmission electron microscopy (SEM and STEM modes), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results obtained confirms clearly the formation of magnetic NPs and their successful decoration by the imprinted polymer in both synthesis ways. The sulfonamide binding efficiency of US-magMIPs synthesized by the ultrasound probe and ultrasound bath were investigated according to the adsorption isotherm. The obtained results showed that the US-magMIP synthesized with the probe has more binding capacity compared to the one synthesized with US bath. The adsorption time was studied and both synthesized US-magMIPs reached the maximum adsorption capacity toward SMX after 1 h and the US-magMIP probe tends to have more easiness to bind SMX in less time. The selectivity studies of the synthesized US-magMIPs based on probe and bath showed a high affinity for SMX compared to its structural analogues such as sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine and sulfacetamide.
PubMed: 30686595
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.008