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Particle and Fibre Toxicology Feb 2024Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are common materials used in skin-related cosmetics and sunscreen products due to their whitening and strong UV light absorption...
Zinc oxide nanoparticles exacerbate skin epithelial cell damage by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and exosome secretion in M1 macrophages following UVB irradiation-induced skin injury.
BACKGROUND
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are common materials used in skin-related cosmetics and sunscreen products due to their whitening and strong UV light absorption properties. Although the protective effects of ZnONPs against UV light in intact skin have been well demonstrated, the effects of using ZnONPs on damaged or sunburned skin are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to reveal the detailed underlying mechanisms related to keratinocytes and macrophages exposed to UVB and ZnONPs.
RESULTS
We demonstrated that ZnONPs exacerbated mouse skin damage after UVB exposure, followed by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) levels, cell death and epithelial thickness. In addition, ZnONPs could penetrate through the damaged epithelium, gain access to the dermis cells, and lead to severe inflammation by activation of M1 macrophage. Mechanistic studies indicated that co-exposure of keratinocytes to UVB and ZnONPs lysosomal impairment and autophagy dysfunction, which increased cell exosome release. However, these exosomes could be taken up by macrophages, which accelerated M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, ZnONPs also induced a lasting inflammatory response in M1 macrophages and affected epithelial cell repair by regulating the autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage exosome secretion.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings propose a new concept for ZnONP-induced skin toxicity mechanisms and the safety issue of ZnONPs application on vulnerable skin. The process involved an interplay of lysosomal impairment, autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage exosome secretion. The current finding is valuable for evaluating the effects of ZnONPs for cosmetics applications.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Zinc Oxide; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Ultraviolet Rays; Cytokines; Exosomes; Inflammasomes; Nanoparticles; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 38419076
DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00571-z -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Feb 2024Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers and melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer. Since the Mobile based health interventions have significant effects in...
OBJECTS
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers and melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer. Since the Mobile based health interventions have significant effects in the management of diseases. This study aimed to determining the content of melanoma prevention and care application.
METHODS
This is a descriptive study that was conducted in three stages. at first, in order to identify the features of the application, search was conducted based on PubMed, Google Scholar ، Scopus databases. In the second step, in order to determine the content of information, articles and guidelines related to melanoma were searched. In the third stage, in order to ensure the validity of researcher-made questionnaire, a survey was conducted by 51 experts based on targeted sampling. The collected data were analyzed.
RESULTS
demographic and clinical information and melanoma prevention training was common in 14 reviewed applications; The possibility of sending reminders for patients was less considered. Most of the articles have paid attention to the data elements: age, gender, history of sunburn, skin color and history of cancer, exposure to ultraviolet rays, how to care for the skin. The content of the melanoma prevention and care application consists of three general sections: 1- Demographic, clinical information and melanoma risk factors; 2- Educational needs; 3- Features and capabilities of the application for prevention and care were formed. The results of the expert survey showed that 81% of the section1, 80% of the section2, and 91% of the section3 were approved.
CONCLUSIONS
Mobile applications has an effective role in disease management and accelerating the provision of health services and reducing the costs of providing services. Melanoma prevention and care application can be an aid in patient education and ultimately better disease management in the field of prevention and care during the current crisis.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Mobile Applications; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38415525
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.2.409 -
Pharmaceutics Jan 2024Dexamethasone has a high anti-inflammatory efficacy in treating skin inflammation. However, its use is related to the rebound effect, rosacea, purple, and increased...
The Association of Oleic Acid and Dexamethasone Acetate into Nanocapsules Enables a Reduction in the Effective Corticosteroid Dose in a UVB Radiation-Induced Sunburn Model in Mice.
Dexamethasone has a high anti-inflammatory efficacy in treating skin inflammation. However, its use is related to the rebound effect, rosacea, purple, and increased blood glucose levels. Nanotechnology approaches have emerged as strategies for drug delivery due to their advantages in improving therapeutic effects. To reduce dexamethasone-related adverse effects and improve the anti-inflammatory efficacy of treatments, we developed nanocarriers containing this corticosteroid and oleic acid. Nanocapsules and nanoemulsion presented dexamethasone content close to the theoretical value and controlled dexamethasone release in an in vitro assay. Gellan gum-based hydrogels were successfully prepared to employ the nanostructured systems. A permeation study employing porcine skin showed that hydrogels containing non-nanoencapsulated dexamethasone (0.025%) plus oleic acid (3%) or oleic acid (3%) plus dexamethasone (0.025%)-loaded nanocapsules provided a higher amount of dexamethasone in the epidermis compared to non-nanoencapsulated dexamethasone (0.5%). Hydrogels containing oleic acid plus dexamethasone-loaded nanocapsules effectively inhibited mice ear edema (with inhibitions of 89.26 ± 3.77% and 85.11 ± 2.88%, respectively) and inflammatory cell infiltration (with inhibitions of 49.58 ± 4.29% and 27.60 ± 11.70%, respectively). Importantly, the dexamethasone dose employed in hydrogels containing the nanocapsules that effectively inhibited ear edema and cell infiltration was 20-fold lower (0.025%) than that of non-nanoencapsulated dexamethasone (0.5%). Additionally, no adverse effects were observed in preliminary toxicity tests. Our study suggests that nanostructured hydrogel containing a reduced effective dose of dexamethasone could be a promising therapeutic alternative to treat inflammatory disorders with reduced or absent adverse effects. Additionally, testing our formulation in a clinical study on patients with skin inflammatory diseases would be very important to validate our study.
PubMed: 38399236
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020176 -
JMIR Research Protocols Feb 2024Many emerging adults (EAs) are prone to making unhealthy choices, which increase their risk of premature cancer morbidity and mortality. In the era of social media,...
BACKGROUND
Many emerging adults (EAs) are prone to making unhealthy choices, which increase their risk of premature cancer morbidity and mortality. In the era of social media, rigorous research on interventions to promote health behaviors for cancer risk reduction among EAs delivered over social media is limited. Cancer prevention information and recommendations may reach EAs more effectively over social media than in settings such as health care, schools, and workplaces, particularly for EAs residing in rural areas.
OBJECTIVE
This pragmatic randomized trial aims to evaluate a multirisk factor intervention using a social media campaign designed with community advisers aimed at decreasing cancer risk factors among EAs. The trial will target EAs from diverse backgrounds living in rural counties in the Four Corners states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.
METHODS
We will recruit a sample of EAs (n=1000) aged 18 to 26 years residing in rural counties (Rural-Urban Continuum Codes 4 to 9) in the Four Corners states from the Qualtrics' research panel and enroll them in a randomized stepped-wedge, quasi-experimental design. The inclusion criteria include English proficiency and regular social media engagement. A social media intervention will promote guideline-related goals for increased physical activity, healthy eating, and human papillomavirus vaccination and reduced nicotine product use, alcohol intake, and solar UV radiation exposure. Campaign posts will cover digital and media literacy skills, responses to misinformation, communication with family and friends, and referral to community resources. The intervention will be delivered over 12 months in Facebook private groups and will be guided by advisory groups of community stakeholders and EAs and focus groups with EAs. The EAs will complete assessments at baseline and at 12, 26, 39, 52, and 104 weeks after randomization. Assessments will measure 6 cancer risk behaviors, theoretical mediators, and participants' engagement with the social media campaign.
RESULTS
The trial is in its start-up phase. It is being led by a steering committee. Team members are working in 3 subcommittees to optimize community engagement, the social media intervention, and the measures to be used. The Stakeholder Organization Advisory Board and Emerging Adult Advisory Board were formed and provided initial input on the priority of cancer risk factors to target, social media use by EAs, and community resources available. A framework for the social media campaign with topics, format, and theoretical mediators has been created, along with protocols for campaign management.
CONCLUSIONS
Social media can be used as a platform to counter misinformation and improve reliable health information to promote health behaviors that reduce cancer risks among EAs. Because of the popularity of web-based information sources among EAs, an innovative, multirisk factor intervention using a social media campaign has the potential to reduce their cancer risk behaviors.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05618158; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05618158.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/50392.
PubMed: 38386396
DOI: 10.2196/50392 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024This Mendelian randomization (MR) study identified modifiable risk factors for isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).
OBJECTIVES
This Mendelian randomization (MR) study identified modifiable risk factors for isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).
METHODS
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for 29 modifiable risk factors for iRBD in discovery and replication stages were used. GWAS data for iRBD cases were obtained from the International RBD Study Group. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was primarily employed to explore causality, with supplementary analyses used to verify the robustness of IVW findings. Co-localization analysis further substantiated causal associations identified via MR. Genetic correlations between mental illness and iRBD were identified using trait covariance, linkage disequilibrium score regression, and co-localization analyses.
RESULTS
Our study revealed causal associations between sun exposure-related factors and iRBD. Utilizing sun protection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31 [0.14, 0.69], = 0.004), ease of sunburn (OR = 0.70 [0.57, 0.87], = 0.001), childhood sunburn occasions (OR = 0.58 [0.39, 0.87], = 0.008), and phototoxic dermatitis (OR = 0.78 [0.66, 0.92], = 0.003) decreased iRBD risk. Conversely, a deep skin color increased risk (OR = 1.42 [1.04, 1.93], = 0.026). Smoking, alcohol consumption, low education levels, and mental illness were not risk factors for iRBD. Anxiety disorders and iRBD were genetically correlated.
CONCLUSION
Our study does not corroborate previous findings that identified smoking, alcohol use, low education, and mental illness as risk factors for iRBD. Moreover, we found that excessive sun exposure elevates iRBD risk. These findings offer new insights for screening high-risk populations and devising preventive measures.
PubMed: 38385030
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1321216 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024UV-B radiation induces sunburn, and neutrophils are pivotal in this inflammation. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps...
UV-B radiation induces sunburn, and neutrophils are pivotal in this inflammation. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin inflammation, correlating the skin inflammation-mitigating effects of Hochu-ekki-to on UV-B irradiation and NETs. To elucidate NET distribution in the dorsal skin, male ICR mice, exposed to UVB irradiation, were immunohistologically analyzed to detect citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) and peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the bloodstream was analyzed. To establish the involvement of NET-released DNA in this inflammatory response, mice were UV-B irradiated following the intraperitoneal administration of DNase I. In vitro experiments were performed to scrutinize the impact of Hochu-ekki-to on A23187-induced NETs in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. UV-B irradiation induced dorsal skin inflammation, coinciding with a significant increase in citH3 and PAD4 expression. Administration of DNase I attenuated UV-B-induced skin inflammation, whereas Hochu-ekki-to administration considerably suppressed the inflammation, correlating with diminished levels of citH3 and PAD4 in the dorsal skin. UV-B irradiation conspicuously augmented ROS and hydrogen peroxide (HO) production in the blood. Hochu-ekki-to significantly inhibited ROS and HO generation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Hochu-ekki-to notably inhibited A23187-induced NETs in differentiated neutrophil-like cells. Hence, NETs have been implicated in UV-B-induced skin inflammation, and their inhibition reduces cutaneous inflammation. Additionally, Hochu-ekki-to mitigated skin inflammation by impeding neutrophil infiltration and NETs in the dorsal skin of mice.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Calcimycin; Deoxyribonuclease I; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Extracellular Traps; Histones; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inflammation; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neutrophils; Protein-Arginine Deiminases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 38339001
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031723 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2024The long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) raises oxidative stress and chronic inflammation levels, which in turn has a series of deleterious effects on skin...
BACKGROUND
The long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) raises oxidative stress and chronic inflammation levels, which in turn has a series of deleterious effects on skin health, such as sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancer. Hence, our study was determined to investigate the effects and mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in zebrafish and human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cells to alleviate ultraviolet-induced photoaging.
METHODS
The 4 days postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae and HSF cells were treated with 10 J/cm UVA + 30 mJ/cm UVB, or 25, or 50 M EGCG for 72 hr. The indicators involving in oxidative stress, inflammatory, and photoaging were measured by the kits, ELISA Kits and western blot methods.
RESULTS
EGCGs protect against UVR-induced skin damage in zebrafish and HSF cells. EGCG markedly decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, 8-OHdG levels, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and significantly inhibited inflammatory factors levels including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in zebrafish, and HSF cells irradiated with UVR. We found that EGCG could reduce UVR-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation and effectively inhibited the activity of the transcriptional factor nuclear factor-B (NF-B), thereby reducing the protein-1 (AP-1), TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expressions, which are critical mediators of skin aging cascade causing the photoaging.
CONCLUSION
These results validate that EGCG for protection of photoaging in zebrafish and HSF cells induced by UVR, which is closely related to the regulation of p38 MAPK/NF-B, AP-1 signaling pathway which relieve oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Zebrafish; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NF-kappa B; Interleukin-6; Transcription Factor AP-1; Ultraviolet Rays; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Skin; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Fibroblasts; Inflammation; Reactive Oxygen Species; Catechin
PubMed: 38304421
DOI: 10.1155/2024/7887678 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2024Frequent exposure to ultraviolet light has more detrimental and longer-term effects on the skin in early life than in adulthood. Teenagers with strong sun-seeking...
BACKGROUND
Frequent exposure to ultraviolet light has more detrimental and longer-term effects on the skin in early life than in adulthood. Teenagers with strong sun-seeking behaviors may be more likely to use an indoor tanning bed than those who seek less sun. We aimed to examine associations between sun-seeking behaviors and indoor tanning behavior during high school/college in US females.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, we used data from The Nurses' Health Study II, a large prospective cohort of US female nurses. We included a total of 81,746 white females who provided responses on the average annual frequency of indoor tanning during high school/college. Our study exposures were number of times/week spent outdoors in a swimsuit and percentage of time wearing sunscreen at the pool/beach as a teenager, weekly hours spent outdoors in direct sunlight during the daytime during high school/college, and number of severe sunburns that blistered between ages 15-20 years. The main outcome was annual frequency of indoor tanning bed usage during high school/college.
RESULTS
In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, we demonstrated positive associations between sun-seeking behaviors and indoor tanning use. Specifically, teenagers who spent 7 times/week outdoors in a swimsuit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI] for daily vs. <1/week: 2.68, 1.76-4.09) were more likely to use indoor tanning beds ≥ 12 times/year. Teenagers with ≥ 10 sunburns (aOR, 95% CI for ≥ 10 vs. never: 2.18, 1.53-3.10) were more likely to use indoor tanning beds ≥ 12 times/year. Also, teenagers/undergraduates who spent ≥ 5 h/week outdoors in direct sunlight (aOR, 95% CI for ≥ 5 h/week vs. <1 h/week: 2.18, 1.39-3.44) were more likely to use indoor tanning ≥ 12 times/year. However, there was not a significant association between average usage of sunscreen at the pool/beach and average usage of indoor tanning beds. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models also showed similar results.
CONCLUSIONS
Teenagers who spent more time outdoors in a swimsuit/direct sunlight or got more sunburns tended to use indoor tanning more frequently. These findings provide evidence that teenagers with stronger sun-seeking behaviors may have more exposure to artificial ultraviolet radiation as well.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Female; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays; Sunscreening Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; White; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Sunbathing; Schools; Nurses; Health Behavior
PubMed: 38212727
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17716-6 -
Cancers Dec 2023(1) Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sunburns are associated with an increased incidence of acquired nevi and melanomas. However, the data are controversial as...
Subtypes of Melanomas Associated with Different Degrees of Actinic Elastosis in Conventional Histology, Irrespective of Age and Body Site, Suggesting Chronic Ultraviolet Light Exposure as Driver for Lentigo Maligna Melanoma and Nodular Melanoma.
(1) Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sunburns are associated with an increased incidence of acquired nevi and melanomas. However, the data are controversial as to whether chronic UV exposure or high intermittent UV exposure is the major carcinogenic factor in melanocytic tumors. In this study, we compared the degree of actinic elastosis (AE) as a surrogate for lifetime UV exposure in nevi and different clinical melanoma subtypes (i.e., superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular malignant melanoma (NMM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM)) with respect to clinical variables (age, sex, and body site). (2) Methods: We defined a semi-quantitative score for the degree of AE ranging from 0 = none to 3 = total loss of elastic fibers (basophilic degeneration) and multiplied it by the perilesional vertical extent (depth), measured histometrically (tumor-associated elastosis grade (TEG)). We matched the TEG of = 595 melanocytic lesions from 559 patients with their clinical variables. (3) Results: The TEG was correlated with age and UV-exposed body sites. Furthermore, the TEG was significantly higher in LMM than in all other types of melanomas and the TEG in NMM was higher than in SSM, irrespective of patient age and tumor site. (4) Conclusions: High cumulative UV exposure is more strongly associated with LMM and NMM than with other melanoma subtypes.
PubMed: 38201430
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010001 -
Pediatric Annals Jan 2024Heat-related illness commonly affects adolescent patients, especially as summer approaches and global temperature extremes worsen. Basic counseling on sunburn prevention... (Review)
Review
Heat-related illness commonly affects adolescent patients, especially as summer approaches and global temperature extremes worsen. Basic counseling on sunburn prevention can decrease the risk for future malignancies, and rapidly preventing, identifying, and treating heat stroke can prevent severe morbidity and mortality. This article will review the epidemiology of exertional heat-related illness and the variations in presentations and pathology, from heat rash and sunburn to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. By the end of this review clinicians should be able to identify and treat different heat-related illnesses in adolescents and potentially save a life. .
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Sunburn; Biodiversity; Hot Temperature; Temperature; Heat Stroke; Heat Stress Disorders; Exanthema
PubMed: 38194658
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20231113-04